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The purpose of this paper is to review and examine three of the most common corrosion characterization techniques specifically on Sn-Zn solders. The discussion will highlight the configurations and recent developments on each of the compiled characterization techniques of potentiodynamic polarization, potentiostatic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

The approach will incorporate a literature review of previous works related to the experimental setups and common parameters.

The potentiostatic polarization, potentiodynamic polarization and EIS were found to provide crucial and vital information on the corrosion properties of Sn-Zn solders. Accordingly, this solder relies heavily on the amount of Zn available because of the inability to produce the intermetallic compound in between the elements. Further, the excellent mechanical properties and low melting temperature of the Sn-Zn solder is undeniable, however, the limitations regarding corrosion resistance present opportunities in furthering research in this field to identify improvements. This is to ensure that the corrosion performance can be aligned with the outstanding mechanical properties. The review also identified and summarized the advantages, recent trends and important findings in this field.

The unique challenges and future research directions regarding corrosion measurement in Sn-Zn solders were shown to highlight the rarely discussed risks and problems in the reliability of lead-free soldering. Many prior reviews have been undertaken of the Sn-Zn system, but limited studies have investigated the corrosive properties. Therefore, this review focuses on the corrosive characterizations of the Sn-Zn alloy system.

To study the corrosion resistance of the novel alloy Al‐12.6La (wt%) manufactured using directional solidification.

Samples fabricated using the Bridgman growth technique at three different withdrawal velocities were subjected to total immersion tests in distilled water and in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution and to DC polarisation tests in distilled water. XPS analyses conducted on samples after polarisation indicated the presence of an La compound in the non passive corrosion products film formed.

Anodic polarisation induced dissolution of the alloy with the formation of a non passive corrosion product film. During potentiodynamic polarisation, a sudden current increment occurred at a potential value that was more positive for samples solidified at higher rates. The corrosion resistance of this Al‐12.6%La alloy decreased as the solidification rate increased.

The results presented in this work are an insight to the understanding of the corrosion resistance and electrochemical behaviour of this alloy for future engineering applications and development.

The beneficial effect of halide ions on the inhibition of corrosion of carbon steel in 20 per cent HCl solution in the presence of some nitrogen‐containing compounds, cetyl pyridinium chloride, cetyl pyridinium bromide, and hexamine was investigated using potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. Potentiodynamic polarisation studies revealed that all the tested compounds were of anodic‐type inhibitors. All of the compounds were able to reduce the corrosion of carbon steel and their performance was enhanced by the addition of iodide ions. The increase in surface coverage in the presence of the iodide ions indicated that iodide ions enhanced the absorption of inhibitor compounds on the metal surface. Auger electron spectroscopic analysis confirmed the joint absorption of the compounds with KI.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the inhibiting properties of six quaternary ammonium salts, three cationic surfactants and two non‐ionic surfactants in 2 M KOH. An attempt also was made to correlate some molecular parameters of these compounds with their corrosion inhibitor efficiency.

The inhibition efficiencies of quaternary ammonium salts, cationic surfactants and non‐ionic surfactants on the corrosion of zinc in 2 M KOH solution were investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and linear polarisation methods.

Inhibition efficiencies of quaternary ammonium salts were found to be due to physical absorption on the cathodic sides of zinc electrode and dependence of inhibition efficiencies on substituents were found. Physical adsorption of cationic surfactants on zinc electrode slowed down both anodic and cathodic reactions; thus they were found to be mixed type inhibitors. On the other hand, inhibition behaviour of non‐ionic surfactants was found to be due to adsorption on zinc via polar groups. It was found that non‐ionic surfactants behaved as mixed type inhibitors.

Clarifies the role of molecular structure and substituents on the inhibition efficiency of surfactants and quaternary ammonium compounds on the corrosion of zinc in alkaline media.

This paper aims to further investigate the behavior and mechanism in simulated oilfield solution on CO₂ corrosion of P110 steel at various temperatures by potentiodynamic sweep and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, especially discussing the influence of the coverage fraction of corrosion film.

Potentiodynamic sweep and EIS measurements were applied to investigate the behavior and mechanism with the effect of temperature on CO₂ corrosion of P110 steel in simulated oilfield solution at 30°C, 60°C and 90°C.

The corrosion parameters of polarization curves, such as corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current density (icorr), anodic and cathodic branches slopes (βa and βc), were analyzed and discussed in detail. In addition, the equivalent circuit models and ZsimpWin software were utilized to fit and analyze the Nyquist plots. The plots showed that corrosion potential shifted more negatively as temperature increased. The corrosion current density (icorr) initially increased and then decreased with the increase of temperature. The impedance spectra measured at various temperatures had different time constants.

The paper highlights that the coverage fraction θ of corrosion film is one most important and key variable influencing CO₂ corrosion mechanisms.

The paper aims to report an experimental investigation of the effectiveness of an alkyl amine‐based inhibitor on the corrosion behavior of 1018 carbon steel in sea water. The adsorption equilibrium for this corrosion inhibitor on carbon steel was also investigated. The corrosion inhibitor was evaluated based on parameters such as inhibitor concentration, temperature, stirring speed and pH.

The experimental setup employed an autoclave with a flow circulation system. Weight loss determinations and electrochemical techniques such as polarization resistance and potentiodynamic polarization were used to detect and monitor the performance of the corrosion inhibitor. Surface examination of the steel substrate before and after applying different doses of inhibitor was undertaken using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS).

Inhibition efficiency was enhanced by adsorption of amine‐containing functional groups on the steel surface. This adsorption capacity was measured and fitted Langmuir and Shawabkeh‐Tutunji isotherms and was found to require a maximum requirement of 1.08 mg of corrosion inhibitor to provide a monolayer of cover on the carbon steel surface. The inhibition efficiency increased with increasing the inhibitor concentration and solution pH. Moreover, increasing the solution temperature and stirring speed had an adverse effect on inhibition efficiency. Polarization data fitted by the Butler‐Volmer Equation showed the values of anodic and cathodic Tafel coefficients were an average of 0.8 and 0.2, respectively. The measured corrosion rates decreased rapidly within the first hour after commencing the experiments, which is related to the formation of a protective oxide film.

More inhibitor concentrations can be studied in order to draw more comprehensive conclusions on the efficiency of the tested inhibitor.

The effect of alkyl amine‐based inhibitor on the corrosion inhibition characteristic of 1018 carbon steel (CS) in sea water was determined at different inhibitor concentrations, temperatures, stirring speeds and pH.

The new information reported in this paper is the effect of alkyl amine‐based inhibitor on the corrosion characteristics of 1018 carbon steel in seawater using an autoclave with a flow circulation system. The paper is valuable to researchers in the area of corrosion inhibitors and oil and gas industry.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of TiO₂ nanoparticle content on the corrosion behavior of Ni‐Cr/TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings applied by pulse‐reverse electroplating.

Ni‐Cr/TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings with various contents of TiO₂ nanoparticles were electrodeposited by pulse‐reverse method from a bath containing TiO₂ nanoparticles to be codeposited and citric acid as the complexing agent. The surface morphology and the composition of coatings were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped by energy dispersive X‐ray system (EDS). The corrosion performance of coatings in the 0.5 M NaCl as a corrosive solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods.

It was found that the surface of Ni‐Cr/TiO₂ nanocomposite coatings showed a finer structure that was more uniform and compact in appearance than was that of Ni‐Cr coatings. The incorporation of TiO₂ nanoparticles in the alloy coating matrix improved the corrosion performance of the coatings and the higher content of nanoparticles gave better corrosion resistance.

Applying the Ni‐Cr coatings by the pulse‐reverse plating method eliminated cracks that were a problem in the Ni‐Cr alloy coating structure. Furthermore, the corrosion resistance was improved by the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles to the alloy matrix. This paper reports the optimum plating conditions that gave the better corrosion performance.

The influence of synthesised benzoyl hydrazine and some of its substituents on the inhibition of corrosion of carbon steel in 1M sulphuric acid solution were investigated using weight loss, gasometric measurements, potentiodynamic polarisation studies and impedance measurements. Corrosion kinetic parameters clearly revealed the fact that the inhibition of corrosion of carbon steel by these compounds was under mixed control. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in 1M H₂SO₄ with optimum concentration of inhibitors was studied in the temperature range 40°‐60°C. The activation energy (E_a) and free energy of adsorption (ΔG_ads⁰) were determined for all the inhibitors. The adsorption of these compounds on the carbon steel surface from 1M H₂SO₄ was observed to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm relationship.

To investigate the protective properties of tantalum nitride (TaN) thin films deposited on to various steels immersed in a 3 per cent NaCl solution.

TaN thin films with a thickness of 250 nm were deposited on UNS G10180, UNS S30400 and UNS T11302 steels by means of magnetron sputtering technique. The electrochemical behaviour has been studied in 3 per cent NaCl solution using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization. The crystalline structure of the films was investigated by X‐ray diffraction. Surface analysis of the corroded samples was performed using scanning electron microscopy and light optical microscopy. The electrochemical impedance spectra were analysed in the context of equivalent circuit models (ECs).

The ECs incorporate a charge transfer process representing the TaN film on UNS G10180 steel, two time constants for that deposited on UNS T11302 and diffusion behaviour for the TaN film on UNS S30400 steel. TaN films demonstrate their protection properties, which were evidenced by increase of the electrochemical properties compared with the substrate. The major corrosion damage of coatings is caused by defects, pores, droplets and pinholes that allow the electrolyte penetration through the films.

Corrosion protections of steels by TaN thin films.

The information related to corrosion behaviour of TaN films in a chloride solution is poor. This paper presents not only a completely electrochemical characterization, but also the surface analysis of the corroded samples.

The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effects of SO₄2− concentration on the corrosion behaviour of T23 and T12 steels in simulated water chemistry condition solution of 600 MW fossil-fired power boilers.

The influence and mechanism of SO₄2− ions on the pitting corrosion of T23 and T12 steels in simulated oxygenated treatment water chemistry solution was studied using electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization scans and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.

The results showed that T23 and T12 were susceptible to pitting corrosion in the simulated solution with full SO₄2− concentration for the competitive adsorption of OH− and SO₄2− on the surface of steels. The pitting sensitivity of the steels improved with increasing SO₄2− concentration. The corrosion resistance for SO₄2− of T23 was stronger than that for T12.

This study is an attempt to provide direction for regulating the concentration of SO₄2− in boiler water and for selecting the material for boiler water wall tubes.