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A Review of Developments in Aircraft Seating in Recent Years and a Description of the Engineering and Commercial Requirements which Affected the Choice of Suitable Seating for Britain's Latest Long‐Range Civil Airliner. AIRCRAFT seats to the aircraft engineer have usually referred, in the past, to those somewhat necessary last minute evils that are attached to the cabin floor and are often found very useful for the parking of tool boxes and other maintenance impedimenta. When it is considered that on present day inter‐continental jets the passenger has to ‘live in’ the scat for 28 hours on a typical London/Far East flight without such luxuries as the leisurely night stops of ten years ago, it will be appreciated how important seat design and comfort can be.

This paper presents a methodological reflection on the use of socio-cultural activity theory (SCAT) as a framework to understand collaborative action and problem-solving between people with disabilities and non-disabled stakeholders in three disaster risk reduction (DRR) initiatives led by Disabled People's Organisations (DPOs) in Indonesia.

This paper is based on case study research, using a multiple case design. It looks at the conception and implementation of three DPO-led DRR projects in Indonesia. It focuses hereby on the processes and outcomes of collaborations between DPOs and non-disabled stakeholders. It presents a reflection as to what extent the six elements of SCAT were present.

The investigation of SCAT's six elements captured the co-construction of DPO-led DRR projects and constant changes and transformation in implementation. The findings reveal the dynamics of the collaboration between DPOs and non-disabled stakeholders (e.g. funding donors, DRR experts, government and community groups) and its outcomes and learning points.

SCAT can provide a better understanding of collaborative learning processes and associated outcomes between DPOs and DRR actors. Such collaborations facilitate the timely and relevant inclusion of people with disabilities in DRR initiatives through DPOs' leadership in DRR. Furthermore, such initiatives can promote the realisation of the disability-inclusion principle of the Sendai Framework for DRR, which is underpinned by the all-of-society approach to DRR.

This paper presents a reflection on the use of SCAT in inclusive disaster studies, thereby enabling further investigation and understanding of how the collaboration between disabled and non-disabled stakeholders occurs, and its implication. This is a topic that has been rarely tackled in the disability and disaster studies literature and practice.

Multi-robots simultaneously coverage and tracking (SCAT) is the problem of simultaneously covering area and tracking targets, which is essential for many applications, such as delivery service, environment monitor, traffic surveillance, crime monitor, anti-terrorist mission and so on. The purpose of this paper is to improve the performance of detected target quantity, coverage rate and less deadweight loss by designing a self-organized method for multi-robots SCAT.

A self-organized reciprocal control method is proposed, coupling task assignment, tracking and covering, equipped with collision-avoiding ability naturally. First, SCAT problem is directly modeled as optimal reciprocal coverage velocity (ORCV) in velocity space. Second, the preferred velocity is generated by calculating the best velocity to the center of some robot detected targets. ORCV is given by adjusting the velocity relative to neighbor robots’ toward in optimal coverage velocity (OCV); it is proven that OCV is collision-free assembly. Third, some corresponding algorithms are designed for finding optimal velocity under two situations, such as no detected targets and empty ORCV.

The simulation results of two cases for security robots show that the proposed method has detected more targets with less deadweight loss and decision time and no collisions anytime.

In this paper, a self-organized reciprocal control method is proposed for multi-robots SCAT problem, which is modeled in velocity space directly, different to the traditional method modeling in configuration space. What is more, this method considers the reciprocal of robots that contributes to the better accomplishment of SCAT cooperatively.

A device for evacuating an occupant seated in a cockpit of an aircraft comprising, in combination, a backed scat downwardly tiltable around a transverse axis located in front of said scat, releasable means to hold said seat in normal sitting position, a normally covered opening in the bottom of said cockpit beneath said scat, means to uncover said opening, means to release said seat to allow the same to tilt into said opening and abutment means to stop said seat in said opening when its back has reached a predetermined position inclined downwards and rearwards with respect to said bottom, whereby said occupant is caused to leave said scat by a movement of translation in a direction depending upon said back predetermined position.

The diet of spotted hyenas (Curocuta curocuta) was studied in Endrta Woreda, southern Tigray, Ethiopia from September to December 2009. Hyena scats were collected throughout the study period from all areas and the samples were washed and hairs were extracted. Hair was analyzed on form, length and color with the naked eye as well as on a scale patterns using a microscope at 10 x magnifications and was compared with a prey species hair reference collection. Faecal analysis revealed that the diet of the spotted hyena contains only prey item of domestic livestock. Frequencies of prey remains of donkey, sheep, goat and cattle were highest with sheep being by far the most common prey species. Household survey of livestock depredation of spotted hyenas revealed that a total of 364 spotted hyena attacks were reported of which donkeys were significantly more likely to be reported as lost to hyena predation, representing 31.87 per cent, followed by goats (14.56 per cent) and sheep (10.71 per cent). It seems most likely that carnivores deepened entirely on domestic prey species for their dietary requirements. Detailed information on the population size and density of spotted hyena is needed to give a better picture of the status of this carnivore species in Tigray, northern Ethiopia and to help resolve conflicts with livestock. Further investigations into the seasonal variation of predation are recommended

THE passenger seat in civil aircraft is an important piece of equipment. It is important, firstly because it is the one part of the aircraft with which the passenger is in intimate contact and, secondly, because of the bulk and multiplicity of installation in any aircraft, the aggregate weight constitutes a major portion of equipment weight.

5S is a commonly used Lean tool that focusses on creating an organized work environment, but the effects of 5S on safety climate are not as well studied. The purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of a 5S event on safety climate.

This pre-test post-test study examines the effect of implementing 5S on safety climate of the packaging area of a manufacturing plant. Two groups of employees (case and control groups) completed a safety climate questionnaire (Safety Climate Assessment Toolkit) prior to the 5S event, one month after, and two months after.

Total safety climate significantly improved for the case group but remained unchanged for the control group over the study period. Specifically, management commitment and involvement dimensions of safety climate improved for the case group.

These results show that two important aspects of safety climate (management commitment and involvement) can be significantly, positively influenced by successful 5S events, which may translate to improved safety overall.

Prior literature on 5S speculates a positive impact of 5S on safety and safety climate, but this assertion is not well supported with empirical evidence. This study provides quantitative measurement of positive safety climate changes that resulted from a successful 5S event. The results provide additional incentive for management to continue 5S and other Lean activities with the possibility of also improving safety.

AS a preliminary to the detail description of the Harrier V/S.T.O.L. Operational Trainer — designated Harrier T. Mk. 2 — it is worth recalling that Hawker Siddeley first made proposals for a dual version of the P.1127 as early as September 1960 (Fig. 1). However, due to the relatively small number of early P.1127 and Kestrel aircraft, efforts to introduce a trainer proved abortive until the Harrier G.R. Mk. 1 production order materialised, following the batch of six Harrier development single seatcr aircraft. A feasibility study for a V/S.T.O.L. Dual Version Harrier was submitted to MinTech in September 1965. This was followed up by a project study in April 1967, which culminated in firm orders for two development two‐seater aircraft, to be followed by a batch of production aircraft.

The introduction of second generation jets on world air routes, and the progress being made with supersonic jet transport, have focused attention on developments in aircraft interiors. These developments also raise the question of the importance of interior design in the success of a modern airliner, and the extent to which the influence of soundly engineered and designed interiors in the British and American aircraft industries is reflected in the sales of civil aircraft over the last 10 years. If factual answers to these points are not easily obtainable, there is one thing that is quite certain: interior design is vital to the success of an aircraft, in both its purchase and its subsequent operation.

Considering the vector Helmholtz equation in three dimensions, this paper aims to present a novel approach for coupling the finite element method and a boundary integral formulation. It is demonstrated that the method is well-suited for many realistic three-dimensional problems in high-frequency engineering.

The formulation is based on partial solutions fulfilling the global boundary conditions and the iterative interaction between them. In comparison to other coupling formulation, this approach avoids the typical singularity in the integral kernels. The approach applies ideas from domain decomposition techniques and is implemented for a parallel calculation.

Using confirming elements for the trace space and default techniques to realize the infinite domain, no additional loss in accuracy is introduced compared to a monolithic finite element method approach. Furthermore, the degree of coupling between the finite element method and the integral formulation is reduced. The accuracy and convergence rate are demonstrated on a three-dimensional antenna model.

This approach introduces additional degrees of freedom compared to the classical coupling approach. The benefit is a noticeable reduction in the number of iterations when the arising linear equation systems are solved separately.

This paper focuses on multiple heterogeneous objects surrounded by a homogeneous medium. Hence, the method is suited for a wide range of applications.

The novelty of the paper is the proposed formulation for the coupling of both methods.