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This case provides a vehicle for discussing analytical approaches to understanding bidding strategies in a hostile tender offer setting. In 1997, Hilton Hotels Corporation offered to acquire ITT Corporation in an unsolicited tender offer. ITT resisted in several ways. At the date of the case (July 17, 1997), ITT announces a restructuring of the firm aimed at delivering about $70 a share to its shareholders. The task for the student is to understand why Hilton's takeover attempt has failed thus far, and what the possible responses might be at this stage. The case contains a completed valuation analysis of ITT (prepared by the casewriter), which suggests that ITT is worth, at most, $89 a share to Hilton. In preparing a possibly higher bid for the firm, the student must weigh the probability of another bidder's entering the fray and that competitor's bid price. The instructor can use this setting to compare the target shareholders' outlook with the classic “prisoner's dilemma” and to discuss the expected value of not tendering—both concepts are important in devising a bidding response.

Microsoft is planning the introduction of Internet Explorer along with Windows 95. Issues include how aggressive the company should be in providing its browser with Windows 95 and restricting OEMs (original-equipment manufacturers) from putting other browsers on their computers. Should Microsoft go for initial share, concentrate on stealing over time, retain customers, or enlarge the total size of the browser market? Students use a Markov process with initial states and switching probabilities to gain insight into resolving these issues.

This study aims to investigate the performance improvement of journal bearing by applying the arc-shaped textures on various regions of bearing expressly full, second half and pressure increasing regions operating with and without nanoparticles in the lubricant.

The Reynolds equation is solved numerically by using the finite element method to obtain static performance parameters such as load-carrying capacity (LCC) and coefficient of friction (COF), which are then compared with untextured bearing at eccentricity ratios of 0.2 to 0.8. Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) and copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles additives are used, and viscosity variation due to the addition of additives in the base lubricant is computed for considering the range of temperatures 50 to 90°C at a weight fraction of 0.1 to 0.5% by using an experimentally validated regression model.

The results indicate that the maximum LCC and the lower COF are found in the pressure-increasing region. A maximum increase of 34.42% is observed in the pressure-increasing region without nanoparticles, and furthermore, with the addition of Al₂O₃ and CuO nanoparticles in lubricants in the same region, the LCC increased to 21 and 24%, respectively.

Designers should use optimal parameters from the present work to achieve high bearing performance.

Investors are looking for the organizations which have robust strategy and planning method meeting the current and future guidelines and policies on environmental regulations to improve sustainability. Thus, most of the business units have been striving to incorporate sustainability into process and product or service design in such a way that carbon footprint should be minimized. Sustainable product and service design remain a challenge for industrial organizations because of the involvement of multifaceted factors in the design endeavor. The purpose of this paper is to develop a methodology to include sustainability functions at the design phase of the product or process.

The authors have modified the house of quality concept, and grey relational analysis-house of sustainability process is proposed in this paper, which includes consideration of all sustainability dimensions including environmental at the design phase of the product or process development. The process has been explained with an example of retail service design.

The proposed approach incorporates the specific business environment and the type of product to be designed with all three levels of sustainability by design. By capturing all sustainability dimensions in the design stage itself, various issues may be taken care of at the initial stage of operations, which are likely to affect sustainability in all activities of the supply chain and the organization as a whole. Thus the proactive sustainable designing considerably eases and improves the sustainability reporting and meeting the legislative guidelines prescribed by the governmental agencies of the country.

A novel methodology has been proposed to include sustainability functions at the design phase, which is strategically useful for sustainable operations and to develop a sustainable product or process.