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Most of current studies have explored the impact of entrepreneurial culture on entrepreneurial intentions in specific region rather than cross-cultural regions; in addition, these studies have looked more at entrepreneurial role models as part of the environmental factors that influence individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions (Lafuente et al., 2007), rather than viewing environmental factors as independent variables. Furthermore, less research exists to hypothesize and validate the mechanism of this process, even if some studies have already shown the similar ideas. To fill the aforementioned research gap in this area, based on new institutional theory and social cognitive career theory, this paper aims to explore the influence of entrepreneurial role models on entrepreneurial intentions in different cultural contexts by introducing two independent national-level factors, collectivism and media publicity, and subsequently examines the mediating role of self-efficacy.

Two major international databases, Adult Population Survey Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (APS GEM) 2017 and Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness (GLOBE), were used as data sources for this paper. In total, the authors obtained data from 174,128 respondents in the APS GEM 2017 database. Because there is a national-level variable, collectivism, which was collected by the GLOBE, the authors excluded 50,046 participants because their countries did not score collectivism in this database. After screening, 124,082 valid observations from 35 countries were obtained. In this study, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used as the method and HLM 6.08 was adopted for data analysis. According to the purpose of the study, the following four different models will be tested in turn using the HLM, which include the null model, random coefficients regression model, intercepts as outcomes model and slopes as outcomes model.

Some previous studies have shown that entrepreneurial role models have a positive impact on individuals' entrepreneurial intentions, however, the exploration of this effect and its mechanisms in different cultural contexts is lacking (Abbasianchavari and Moritz, 2021). In response, based on a cross-level and cross-national survey, this paper advances the original literature by introducing two cultural dimensions, collectivism and media publicity. The current results suggest that the positive influence of entrepreneurial role models on individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions is somewhat generalized and that self-efficacy plays a mediating role. Moreover, collectivism and media publicity can negatively and positively moderate the effects of entrepreneurial role models on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions, respectively. The findings provide some theoretical support for the role of cultural context in the formation of entrepreneurial intentions, which can help countries with diverse cultures to develop differentiated entrepreneurial role model advocacy strategies to better facilitate the emergence of potential entrepreneurs and advance their subsequent entrepreneurial activities.

First, because this study assumes that entrepreneurial role models are templates that can inspire potential entrepreneurs and provide them with entrepreneurial approaches (Laviolette et al., 2012), which has a certain positive bias, it may mean that the findings of this paper are not applicable to all scenarios, as role models are usually classified by scholars into positive and negative ones. The effect of different types of role models on entrepreneurial intention in a cross-cultural context will be considered as one of the future research directions. Second, in the measurement of country-level variables, this paper assumes that the degree of media publicity and collectivism are homogeneous within a country and does not take into account the differences in these two variables across regions within the same country. Future research is expected to use more granular designs to explore, for example, the effect of entrepreneurial role models on entrepreneurial intentions based on regional differences in media publicity and collectivism, rather than national differences. Third, due to the cross-sectional research design used in this paper, the dynamic influence of entrepreneurial role models in the entrepreneurial process was not included in the analysis. In addition, the focus of this study is only on entrepreneurial intention, which is separated from the subsequent entrepreneurial behavior of entrepreneurs. Therefore, the longitudinal study design that explores the dynamic influence of role models in entrepreneurial process should receive more attention.

First, enhancing the exposure of entrepreneurial role models is necessary because the authors found that entrepreneurial role models can positively promote entrepreneurial intentions, whereas self-efficacy plays a mediating role. For example, it is advised for the society to publish entrepreneurs' autobiographies, open entrepreneurial forums, create entrepreneurial interview columns, etc. In these books and activities, detailed descriptions of successful entrepreneurs' methods and skills are highly needed, as these can help potential entrepreneurs to better understand the entrepreneurial process, thus improving their self-efficacy and facilitating their entrepreneurial activities (Zhao et al., 2005). It is necessary to note here that matching the characteristics of entrepreneurial role models and potential entrepreneurs cannot be ignored, as similar characteristics could facilitate the desire of potential entrepreneurs to become more like entrepreneurial role models (Hoffner and Buchanan, 2005).These similar characteristics encompass both demographic characteristics, such as gender, race and age (Garcia, 2017; Harwood, 1999; Jose, 1989), and personal characteristics, such as goal embodiment and educational background (Bosma et al., 2012; Morgenroth et al., 2015). Moreover, the authors believe that the media's promotion of entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial activities needs to be enhanced, for example, by incorporating entrepreneurship education in television programs, allowing youth to meet face-to-face with successful entrepreneurs, and developing entrepreneurship lectures or interview programs.

At the same time, role models should be presented differently in diverse cultural contexts. For example, in countries with a strong collectivist orientation, the media should include collectivist messages when promoting entrepreneurial role models, such as his cooperation with the government, family and friends, which is in line with collectivist values, so that potential entrepreneurs in a collectivist context may perceive more similarity to role models and thus increase their entrepreneurial intentions (Morris et al., 1994); On the contrary, in countries with low collectivist tendencies, the media can appropriately carry an element of individualism when promoting entrepreneurial role models, for example, by telling how entrepreneurs succeed on their own strength and superior abilities, which is in accordance with the values of individualism. Based on the same logic, potential entrepreneurs in the context of individualism may thus generate more entrepreneurial intentions (Morris et al., 1994).

First, building on previous studies that explored the relationship between entrepreneurial role models and individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions (Stupacher et al., 2017), the authors further validated the moderating role of two national-level situational factors, collectivism and media advocacy, in this process, which echoes Abbasianchavari and Moritz (2021) that exploring the effects of entrepreneurial role models on entrepreneurial intentions in different cultural context is an essential topic for the future research. Second, the authors demonstrated that self-efficacy can mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial role models and entrepreneurial intentions and that this finding is generalizable. This responds to the hypothesis presented by Morgenroth et al. (2015) that role models, who are served as behavioral templates, can facilitate the generation of goals and behavioral intentions by increasing role aspirates’ self-efficacy, as it enhances their perceived accessibility to goals. Another contribution is that the authors found a possible explanation that the interaction of collectivism and media publicity with entrepreneurial role models may influence individuals' entrepreneurial intentions by affecting their self-efficacy, which unifies the new institutional theory and social cognition career theory.

Electronic wallets (e-wallet) systems have revolutionized transactional activities, prompting individuals to adopt digital payment methods. This study investigates the determinants of the continuance intention of the e-wallet system Touch 'n Go in Malaysia. We propose a framework integrating the diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) and mental accounting theory, thereby assessing the impacts of product-related factors (convenience, compatibility, perceived risk and perceived compatibility) and the moderating role of personal-related factors [personal innovativeness (PI) and personal anxiety].

Data were collected involving 381 Malaysian Touch 'n Go users. The partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was applied as a data analysis technique.

As demonstrated by the results, convenience serves as a facilitator, while perceived risk acts as an inhibitor, influencing the continuance intention of the application. Compatibility and perceived complexity are found to be insignificant antecedents. However, neither PI nor personal anxiety was found as moderators.

This research brings contributions to the electronic commerce literature by extending the understanding of the predictors and moderators of the continuance intention of Touch 'n Go users in Malaysia. We discuss how these findings implicate the two theories and offer insights for service providers and policymakers to promote the post-adoption intentions of Touch 'n Go.

This study investigates how food safety trust works as a critical moderator in the Chinese online fresh agricultural market based on an extended technology acceptance model.

The authors propose a research model that integrates attributes from the technology acceptance model, perceived product quality, logistics service quality, risk, and food safety trust. Structural equation modeling was applied to estimate the causal relationships using data from 851 Chinese customers.

The results indicated that perceived usefulness, product quality, and logistics service quality significantly enhance Chinese customers' intention to shop online for fresh agricultural products. Further, the positive effects increase when customer trust in food safety changes from low to high. In contrast, perceived risk reduces Chinese customers' willingness to engage in online shopping, but the negative influence is weaker for customers with high trust in food safety than for those with low trust. However, perceived ease of use plays an insignificant role in predicting online purchase intention and the impact does not vary depending on food safety trust.

This study suggests managers should consider the important moderating role of food safety trust to make effective strategies for fresh agricultural e-commerce development in China.

The purpose of this study is to examine diverse risks and barriers that influence customers' attitude leading to their actual use of wearable devices in India. This study used technological literacy as a moderating variable to understand the relationship between barriers and attitudes toward adoption of wearable device.

A survey questionnaire was developed through focused group discussions with field experts. Data were collected through online as well as offline modes. A Google form was created and its weblink was shared with the respondents using wearable devices. Both online as well as offline modes were used for data collection. Several reminders through telephone and revisits were undertaken to approach the respondents.

The results of this study indicated that psychological risk and financial risk emerged strongest barriers of wearable technologies. This was followed by infrastructure barriers and performance risk. The strength of the relationship between technological anxiety and attitudes was lower but still significant. Surprisingly, privacy risk and social risk were not statistically significant. This study also validated the impact of technological literacy as a moderator between risks and attitudes.

This study contributes to the research by validating numerous risks and barriers in the adoption of wearable devices. This study not only offers a novel perspective on researching diverse barriers but also elucidates the moderating role of technological literacy which has not been covered in extant literature.

This paper examines an identified but unexplored career gap evidenced at a mid-level classification in the academic career path for women in Australia. This career-stalling effect or holding pattern, is examined to determine underlying causes of career trajectory interruption.

Guided by the epistemological stance of standpoint theory, this exploratory abductive study employs a novel arts-based method, draw, write, reflect, to access experiences that may be difficult to convey verbally. The obtained drawings and reflections were thematically analysed.

Drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of illusio this article finds support for female academics’ bifurcated consciousness. Results demonstrate how opposing social role prescriptions result in the deliberate avoidance of work-life conflict, a nuanced lack of confidence in work tasks in combination with other, often competing responsibilities, and the uneven distribution of administrative duties known as “academic housework”, which combine to stall careers. Female academics feel pressure to prioritise their domestic role and eschew career progression.

Despite the small sample size, the findings provide rich career narratives and experiences of female academics in Australia providing additional impetus for increased gender equity efforts.

This study is the first to explore the previously unidentified holding pattern for female academics in Australia. Findings suggest there is a range of previously unexplored impediments resulting in a gendered stalling at a mid-level classification interrupting female academic career progression.

Increasingly governmental policy around PhD education has resulted in greater university oversight of programs and student experience – often through creating central PhD Schools. While student experience is well researched, the experiences of Heads of these units, who are responsible for creating student experience, have been invisible. This exploratory Danish case study begins such a conversation: its purpose to examine the perceptions of five Heads of PhD Humanities Schools, each responsible for steering institutional decisions within Danish PhD policy landscapes.

A qualitative approach integrated three distinct analyses: a review of Danish PhD education policies and university procedures, each university’s job specifications for the Heads of the Schools and the Heads’ views on their responsibilities.

The Heads differentiated between their own and today’s PhD student experience. They had held prior leadership roles and fully supported institutional regulations. They cared deeply for the students under their charge and were working to achieve personal goals to enhance PhD experience. Their leadership perspective was relational: enhancing individual student learning through engaging with multiple PhD actors (e.g. program leaders) – when possible at a personal level – to improve PhD practices.

This study contributes an expanded perspective on how PhD School Heads constitute their roles by empirically linking: macro-national policies and institutional regulations and individuals’ biographies to their support of the PhD regimes – with implications for academic leadership generally. The authors argue research into PhD School leadership is essential, as it is such individuals who create the organisational settings that students experience.

This study aims to investigate the impact of academic leadership on the organizational commitment of faculty members in private universities in Punjab. Work engagement was examined as a mediator, and co-worker support was considered as a moderator.

The study used a quantitative, cross-sectional approach with convenience sampling. Regression and correlation analyses were used for hypothesis testing. Social exchange theory guided the exploration of academic leadership’s impact on faculty members’ organizational commitment.

Results of the current study indicated a positive and significant effect of academic leadership on organizational commitment. Work engagement was identified as a partial mediator in this relationship. However, co-worker support was found to be an insignificant moderator, indicating no substantial influence on the relationship between academic leadership and work engagement among faculty members in private-sector universities.

The similarity of the paper is less than 18%.

Some fairy tale characters have transcended their original fairy tale genre and their influence can be perceived in other fictional genres. One illustration of this is the character of Blue Beard. This story, written by Charles Perrault, was first published in 1697 (Hermansson, 2010, p. 2). It moved through several themes or topics from anxiety to money to the right of the husband and wives (Warner, 2014, p. 82). In Perrault's story, Blue Beard is conceived as a serial killer and a jealous husband. ‘Whatever the medium, whatever the date: in opera, cartoon, X-rated film or graphic novel, he is an archetypal serial murderer, terrifying and yet alluring’ (2015, p. 76).

The influence of this character and examples that carry, at the very least, remnants of Blue Beard can be clearly identified in several contemporary narratives. In the BBC television series The Fall (Cubitt, 2013), Jamie Dornan portrays a serial killer named Paul Spector. Alternatively known as the Belfast Strangler, Spector, like Blue Beard, has a wife and children who are unaware of his murderous spree. Another example of the attempted enforcement of extreme patriarchy can be seen in Cult, the seventh season of Ryan Murphy's American Horror Story anthology series. The season is dedicated to the 2016 US election between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton (Raddish, 2017). In this fictional narrative Kai Anderson (Evan Peters) symbolises toxic masculinity and models patriarchal archetypes to create a cult and become a senator.

Through a contextual post-structuralist analysis of the aforementioned characters, this chapter intends to examine the representation and evolution of male character under the umbrella of the fairy tale ‘man’.

A range of models of employability implicitly or directly identify potential drivers of motivated behaviour related to engaging in employment-related outcomes whilst acknowledging that employability is also about developing life skills. Motivational theorists suggest that tasks engaged for external purposes, e.g. working towards an employment-related goal, are experienced differently than (those same) tasks engaged in for less external reasons, e.g. the desire for knowledge. Whilst there are excellent examples of the use of motivational theory in some models of employability, sometimes the evidence is either outdated, incorrectly interpreted or fails to use the most appropriate motivational theory. The aim of this paper is to bring to attention several prominent motivational theories and some key evidence that seems most pertinent across models of employability.

As this was a non-empirical design, the approach did not fit any research design methodology or structured, systematic or meta-analysis review. The paper outlines a series of arguments by reviewing in detail several theories of motivation and mapping them against current models of employability.

From a theoretical point of perspective, it is suggested that Expectancy Value Theory needs to be considered when creating models of employability. It is also suggested that motivation for employment-related tasks is probably extrinsic, though evidence suggests that forms of extrinsic motivation can also be motivationally adaptive. Several models posit self-efficacy as a driver of motivated behaviour, but the evidence suggests a clear and consistent interactive relationship between subjective task value and self-efficacy, suggesting that self-efficacy is only a useful predictor when value is high.

Whilst the aim of models of employability is to improve our understanding of the predictors of employability behaviours, the practical consequence is the development of appropriate curriculum. Understanding which features of employability create adaptive and maladaptive motivation should help educators create curriculum that produces optimal engagement and performance.

Models of employability are mostly created using bodies of extant evidence. In this paper, we have tried to identify where some of the interpretation of the evidence has been more or less appropriate. We hope that ideas and evidence in this paper will allow theorists, where appropriate, to re-develop their models.

This study aims to develop and test a model of the antecedents, mediators and consequences of the glass cliff phenomenon through public sector service organizations in Iran to explore more insights on gender inequality in managerial positions.

The current research was conducted based on a mixed-method approach, using both qualitative and quantitative research designs. First, the qualitative method includes content analysis by conducting semi-structured interviews with 20 university professors and expert managers working in public sector service organizations in Iran. The outcomes of the qualitative phase lead to designing the conceptual framework and research hypothesis. Then, through a quantitative phase, 384 female managers working in public sector service organizations in Iran are selected using stratified random sampling and fill out the research questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis was used to verify the model. Moreover, structural equation modeling, using AMOS 24, was used to test the research hypothesis.

The findings of the qualitative phase were represented in three categories including antecedents (e.g. the characteristics of women’s leadership, the selection of women based on meritocracy criteria, women’s preferences and organizational factors), mediation effect (e.g. succession planning, personal development planning and support networks) and consequences of the glass cliff phenomenon (e.g. positive and negative consequences). The results of the exploratory factor analysis show there are ten components, explaining 88.5% of variances. Moreover, the test of the structural model supports the direct effect of antecedents on the glass cliff phenomenon. The results also show the effect of the glass cliff phenomenon on consequences through mediation effects.

There are some limitations that can be addressed by other researchers. Accordingly, the limited number of female managers in Iran prevented larger quantitative research. Moreover, the current research only found casual and mediation consequences of the glass cliff phenomenon, and potential moderators were not considered in this study.

The present study’s innovations may include using a mixed-method approach to investigate the antecedents, mediators and consequences of the glass cliff phenomenon in this study and examining the model constructs in some public sector service organizations. This research may provide a deep understanding of the antecedents, mediators and consequences of the glass cliff phenomenon by finding new factors using a mixed-method approach.