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Presents a new wire bondable land grid array (LGA) chip scale package called NuCSP. NuCSP is a minimized body size wire bondable package with rigid substrate interposer. The design concept is to utilize the plating bars on the edges of the package substrate as the wire bond fingers. Bond fingers are redistributed inward to an array of plated through hole vias underneath the chip, then are connected to copper pads on the bottom of the package. NuCSP package size is about equal to die size + 3 mm. Using conventional PCB substrate manufacturing with 4/4 mils routing width/space and wire bonding process, NuCSP offers a very low cost package suitable for memory chips and low pin count application specific IC (ASIC) applications. The other advantages are that the use of wirebonding allow NuCSP be applicable for die size, pad count and pitch variations. Because it is wire bondable, NuCSP may be as generic as plastic quad flat pack (PQFP), yet providing smaller body size, lower cost and smaller package electrical parasitic parameters.

Empirical research on the influence of package size on consumers' quality perception has been scarce. Yan et al. (2014), an initial study focusing on this topic, showed that a small package generates higher perceived quality than a large package of the same brand. To cultivate a deeper understanding of such an effect, this paper aims to extend that study by examining the process by incorporating the evaluation context as a moderator.

Two experiments were carried out. In Study 1 (n = 380), the effect of package size on perceived quality was investigated by comparing a standalone context in which a single package size was presented and a context in which two different package sizes were shown. In Study 2 (n = 436), a standalone context was compared with another context in which participants viewed two different sizes but directed their attention to only one.

The findings indicate that the package size effect is not universal, and that it generally appears in a standalone context. In the contexts where two sizes were presented, it appears when consumers' attention is directed to only one size, whereas the effect does not manifest when consumers focus equal attention on both. The impact of the evaluation context is also stronger for small packages than for large packages.

This paper adds knowledge to packaging and cue-utilisation literature by clarifying a boundary condition of the impact of package size on consumers' quality perception.

The effect of heat‐spreader sizes on the temperature distribution, thermal resistance, and cooling power of a set of cost‐effective cavity‐down plastic ball grid array (PBGA) packages assembled on an FR‐4 epoxy glass printed circuit board (PCB) is presented. The sizes of these packages are 35 × 35mm and 40 × 40mm and with four and five rows of solder balls.

The constantly changing prices, promotions, and packaging options have made decision making more complex for consumers of packaged goods. The purpose of this paper is to explore how price and promotions influence consumer propensity to buy a certain package size.

Scanner panel data for shelf-stable salad dressing obtained from Information Resources Inc. were used to compute the proportion of large packages bought, the relative price paid for large packages, propensity to use various types of promotions, and a behavioral covariate for each household. Data of over 5,600 households were analyzed using a multiple regression analysis for hypothesis testing.

The positive nature of relationship between the relative price of large packages and the proportion of large packages bought demonstrates the suboptimal nature of consumer decision making. The inefficiency is partially attributable to the abundance of promotions, to consumers’ lack of price awareness, and to the use of heuristics by consumers. Also, consumers who are prone to use promotions such as displays and temporary price reductions tend to purchase larger packages. They are more likely to buy impulsively and base their decisions on heuristics. In contrast, consumers who are influenced by featured price cuts and who utilize coupons tend to purchase smaller packages.

Data were obtained from grocery stores; only a single product category was studied.

Offer coupons and advertise featured price cuts on small packages to increase the sales of smaller packages. To move large packages successfully, retailers should rely more on in-store displays and temporary price reductions.

The impact of price and promotions on package size propensity has never been investigated. This study is also one of the few that uses a household-level analysis based on observable purchase data for consumer packaged goods.

This paper aims to investigate the underlying process by which a brand’s unit pricing for multiple package sizes influences consumer evaluations by incorporating several mediators and moderators. Two-unit pricing tactics were examined: quantity discounts and surcharges.

Two online experiments were conducted to test the hypotheses. Study 1 examined the mediating role of consumers’ inferred motive for sellers in setting quantity discounts or surcharges in the relationship between the pricing tactics and consumer evaluations. Study 2 incorporated affect as a mediator, and price consciousness and unit price usage as moderators in this relationship.

The mediating role of inferred motive is supported. Motive is related to the sales volume. Furthermore, this mediation effect is more potent when consumers have stronger quantity discount belief. Further, the mediating role of affect is supported. It is more salient when consumers are frequent users of unit prices.

This study compared two pricing tactics and did not include a control condition. The first digit of the unit price for the small package size was different between the pricing tactics.

When applying quantity surcharges to products, it is essential to provide additional information to consumers to preclude the possibility of negative evaluations.

This study makes a significant contribution by offering a deeper understanding of consumer responses to the pricing tactics. In particular, it reveals that pricing tactics trigger both cognitive and affective responses, which then influence evaluations of the pricing tactics. This elicited cognition is associated with deduction about sellers’ brand-size pricing behavior.

Key components of the logistics mix are described in an effort to create an understanding of the total logistics concept. Chapters include an introduction to logistics; the strategic role of logistics, customer service levels, channel relationships, facilities location, transport, inventory management, materials handling, interface with production, purchasing and materials management, estimating demand, order processing, systems performance, leadership and team building, business resource management.

The purpose of this study was to investigate amount of food waste and the number of food packages used in Finnish households with university students. The aim of the paper is to answer the following research questions: How much avoidable food waste is generated in the participating various sized households? How much unavoidable food waste is generated in the participating various sized households? How many food packages are classified as deposit, municipal waste or recycled in the participating various sized households?

The data was collected among the students in Seinäjoki University of Applied Sciences. A total of results from 432 households with 890 persons are presented. The participating households weighed their unavoidable and avoidable food waste and calculated the food packages during one week. The results were analysed in Excel and the statistical significance assessed using a t-test.

The average avoidable and unavoidable food wastages were 498 g/week/person, i.e. 25.9 kg/year/person and 543 g/week/person, i.e. 28.3 kg/year/person, respectively. Single-person households generate more avoidable and unavoidable food waste as well as packages per person than other sized households. The results show that there is no correlation between the amount of avoidable food waste/person, unavoidable food waste/person or packages/person.

This kind of research has sparsely been reported. The food and package wastage definitions vary, and thus it is difficult to compare these results with other reported results.

To provide an approach to fleXBGA design and reliability analysis.

A two‐dimensional (2D) plane strain finite element analysis model is established to simulate the thermo‐mechanical behaviour of fleXBGAs which are subjected to thermo‐cyclic loading under different temperature cycling conditions. The model has been used to consider the effects of printed circuit board (PCB) thickness, die size, package size, ball count, pitch and substrate configuration. The Anand constitutive model is adopted to simulate creep and plastic deformation of the solder joints. A fatigue life prediction model based on plastic shear strain range is then applied to predict the fatigue life of different kinds of fleXBGA.

Comparison of fatigue life predictions and experiments show that the maximum prediction errors are mostly within ±50 per cent, and it can be concluded that a smaller die size, a thinner PCB, a smaller solder ball diameter, more balls, a smaller temperature range and a faster ramp rate are all helpful in improving the package fatigue life.

Not all properties of the packaging materials are available for design and reliability analysis. Advanced research should be focused on determining the mechanical properties of the packaging materials to improve the analysis accuracy.

Design optimisation was used to determine the effect of structural parameters for the fleXBGA assembly on the von Mises equivalent stresses in the solder joints, which is one of the most critical factors for package reliability. The calculation results indicate that the equivalent stress in solder joints can be decreased about 19.7 per cent comparing with the initial structure and the fatigue life can be greatly enhanced.

The suggested approach is very useful for fleXBGA assembly design. The reliability of the package can be greatly improved by using the modified geometric parameters.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of consumers’ perception of usability of product packaging on impulse buying in terms of its shape, color, material, label and size.

A structural equation model was used for testing the conceptual model. The present research is an applied research and a descriptive survey. By using non-probability sampling, 388 customers of different malls in Shiraz City (Iran) were selected and surveyed by using questionnaires.

Results showed that appropriate material, shape and labeling of packaging have a significant positive influence on consumers’ perception of usability of product packaging, while color and size of packaging do not have an impact on consumers’ perception of a product usability. Moreover, results showed that consumers’ perception of the usability of packaging has a significant positive influence on impulse buying. Consumers’ mood and time pressure had also positive influence on impulse buying, but their moderating role in their influence of consumers’ perception on impulse buying decision was not supported.

Although this research contributes to the product management literature, it has some limitations. For instance, the research model was tested in only one city in Iran (Shiraz). Besides, it is specific to only two product categories and concentrates mainly on consumers’ mood and time pressure as moderating factors.

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this study is the first research which examines the structural relationship of packaging elements on consumers’ perception of reusability of packaging and impulse buying while considering consumers’ moods and time pressure as moderator variables.

To achieve a full understanding of the role of marketing from plan to profit requires a knowledge of the basic building blocks. This textbook introduces the key concepts in the art or science of marketing to practising managers. Understanding your customers and consumers, the 4 Ps (Product, Place, Price and Promotion) provides the basic tools for effective marketing. Deploying your resources and informing your managerial decision making is dealt with in Unit VII introducing marketing intelligence, competition, budgeting and organisational issues. The logical conclusion of this effort is achieving sales and the particular techniques involved are explored in the final section.