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The aim of this paper, using the intuitionistic fuzzy (IF)–set based Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE) method, is to create multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) mechanism that evaluates the papers according to the offset print quality, separately for each of the CMYK colors. Thanks to the mechanism, the most suitable and the most unsuitable paper for printing is determined.

With the IF PROMETHEE method, respectively, deviations are calculated by linear criteria type; the overall IF preference relation matrix is obtained. Finally, the positive and negative outranking flows are calculated; by obtaining net outranking flows, all papers are ranked from best to worst for printability.

Based on the results of the MCDM algorithm; the best offset printing quality is Matte Coated 115 gr. for cyan, magenta and black and Glossy Coated 115 gr. for yellow. The worst offset printing quality for all papers is 70 gr. III. low grade paper. According to the findings, when all colors are examined, the best paper for offset printing quality is coated papers; the worst paper is III. low grade papers.

The creation of mechanism that evaluates all criteria together leads to the most accurate result. Cases of hesitation are also addressed using an IF-based algorithm; all criteria were assigned individual importance levels, and a single result was obtained by activating all of the criteria simultaneously. Therefore reasons, this is paper that will bring innovation and shed light on studies in this field.

The paper describes an offset printing method for the production of inner layers based on an automatic laser engraving machine. The operation of the machine is outlined; characteristics of the various pattern generation methods for PCB inner layers are compared before a final summary of the advantages of the offset printing method is given.

This paper aims to analyse the tack stability measurement readings of thermochromic offset inks. For this purpose, three reversible leuco-dye formed thermochromic inks were used to evaluate their tack. The used inks differ in their activation temperature, colour, drying mechanism, viscosity and chemical content. Thermochromic offset inks differ from conventional inks in formulation and size of colourants due to the presence of the microcapsules.

Printing inks in offset lithography must have sufficient tack so they can be transported from a reservoir onto the substrate. The ink transfer takes place through the ink splitting by inking rollers, printing plate and blanket transport. An IGT Tackoscope device was used to produce the dynamic readings of ink tack as a function of distribution and splitting time. The data can be used for prediction of the ink press stability under controlled settings, such as temperature.

This research explains the temperature and velocity influence on the tack stability measurement readings of thermochromic inks. It also gives an insight of the chemical compounds that dictate the tack measuring reading results.

Development of new printing inks, such as thermochromic printing inks, may affect the printing of different products. The research was conducted due to a lack of available data for the tack of thermochromic inks.

In the first of three articles reviewing Commercial Printing Ink Pigmentation the classification and various printing systems are considered.

The purpose of this paper is to report on the feasibility of the manufacture of printed rechargeable power sources incorporating, in the first instance, electrode structures from the previous study, and moving on to improved electrode structures fabricated, via flexographic printing, using commercially available inks. It has been shown previously that offset lithography, a common printing technique, can be used to make electrodes for energy storage devices such as primary cells.

A pair of the original Ag/C electrodes, printed via offset lithography, were sandwiched together with a PVA-KOH gel electrolyte and then sealed. The resultant structures were characterised using electrochemical techniques and the performance as supercapacitors assessed. Following these studies, electrode structures of the same dimensions, consisting of two layers, a silver-based current collector covered with a high surface area carbon layer, were printed flexographically, using inks, on a melinex substrate. The characterisation and assessment of these structures, as supercapacitors, was determined.

It was found that the supercapacitors constructed using the offset lithographic electrodes exhibited a capacitance of 0.72 mF/cm2 and had an equivalent series resistance of 3.96 Ω. The structures fabricated via flexography exhibited a capacitance of 4 mF/cm2 and had an equivalent series resistance of 1.25 Ω The supercapacitor structures were subjected to bending and rolling tests to determine device performance under deformation and stress. It was found that supercapacitor performance was not significantly reduced by bending or rolling.

This paper provides insight into the use of printed silver/carbon electrodes within supercapacitor structures and compares the performance of devices fabricated using inks for offset lithographic printing presses and those made using commercially available inks for flexographic printing. The potential viability of such structures for low-end and cheap energy storage devices is demonstrated.

The resolution of conventional graphical gravures is limited to about 50 to 100 microns depending on the technology used. For these gravures the depths are dependent on the widths of the grooves. For electrical circuitry, the target is to achieve 25 microns line and space widths in the near future. To obtain a reasonably high sheet resistance, the printed ink height must be reasonably high. The stated requirements require further development of the whole printing process together with the associated inks. The first step was to evaluate the gravure manufacturing method, which is capable of producing gravures of sufficient accuracy and uniform depth. In this paper a new gravure printing plate manufacturing method with high accuracy is presented. Printing results made with the manufactured gravure and tailored inks are reported.

The trend towards a greater use of water as the solvent in flexographic and gravure printing inks has been influenced by a number of factors — the growing attention to environmental pollution problems, health and safety aspects, elimination of residual print odour in food packaging printing and conservation of organic solvents.

DURING the thirties, at a time when letterpress printing was a good deal cheaper than now, the profound unwillingness of a scholarly author to have his work reproduced by the so‐called near‐print processes would not get much of an argument from his editor. Even where it was demonstrable that production costs could be lowered, the author's fear that prestige and reviews—attention, in other words—flew out the window when near‐print came in the door was largely shared by both editor and publisher of our learned journals and monograph series.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate and minimize the printing-related defects in the surface mount assembly (SMA) process.

This paper uses an experimental approach to explore process parameter and printing defects during the SMA process. Increasing printing performance, various practices of solder paste (Ag3.0/Cu0.5/Sn) storage and handling are suggested. Lopsided paste problem is studied by varying squeegee pressure and the results are presented. Unfilled pads problems are observed for ball grid array (BGA) and quad flat package (QFP) which is mitigated by proper force tuning. In this paper, a comparative study is conducted which evaluates the manifestation of printing offset due to low-grade stencil. The input/output (I/O) boards were oxidized when the relative humidity was maintained beyond 70 per cent for more than 8 h. This pad oxidation problem is overcome by proper printed circuit board (PCB) handling procedures. When the unoptimized line is used, the paste wedged in the stencil and influences the performance of the screen printer, for this reason, an optimized line is proposed that minimize the printing defects.

The key findings are as follows: in the SMA process, printing quality is directly associated with solder paste quality. Experimentally, it is observed that a considerable variance in solder deposition occurred when the front and rear squeegee have different configurations. High-grade and unsoiled stencil results in superior paste deposition and less distinction. Insufficient solder paste and bridge problems also occur in printing when PCB pads are oxidized. Optimized line resolves solder paste clog issues, associated with stencil’s aperture. The cooling arrangement on the conveyor, after reflow, explicates hot jig problem. Control environmental conditions minimized static charges and printing defects.

The preceding studies emphasis mostly on the squeegee pressure, while other important parameters are not completely investigated. Moreover, it is very imperative to concurrently measure all parameters while varying the environmental conditions. This study highlights and provides an experimental approach to various PCB printing defects, and a comparative study has been conducted that concurrently measure all process parameters.

This paper aims to improve the infilling efficiency and the quality of parts forming. It proposes two improved scanning path planning algorithm based on velocity orthogonal decomposition.

The algorithms this paper proposes replace empty paths and corners with circular segments, driving each axis synchronously according to the SIN or COS velocity curve to make the extruder always moves at a constant speed at maximum during the infilling process. Also, to support the improved algorithms, a three-dimensional (3D) printing control system based on circular motion controller is also designed.

The simulation and experiment results show that the improved algorithms are effective, and the printing time is shortened more significantly, especially in the case of small or complex models. What’s more, the optimized algorithm is not only compact in shape but also not obvious in edge warping.

The algorithms in this paper are not applicable to traditional motion controllers.

The algorithms in this paper improve the infilling efficiency and the quality of parts forming.

There are no social implications in this paper.

The specific optimization method of parallel-line scanning algorithm based on velocity orthogonal decomposition is replacing the empty paths with arc corners. And the specific optimization method of contour offsetting algorithm based on velocity orthogonal decomposition is to add connection paths between adjacent contours and turn all straight corners into arcs. What’s more, the 3D printing control system based on the circular motion controller can achieve multi-axis parallel motion to support these two improved path scanning algorithms.