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1 – 10 of 14The purpose of this paper is to examine the degree of integration of emerging markets with the world market and amongst them. Further, the impact of the 2008 global financial…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the degree of integration of emerging markets with the world market and amongst them. Further, the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) on and structural breaks in the degree of integration are explored. The paper, additionally, analyses the behaviour of the level and the rate of change of the degree of integration around the period of the GFC.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper relies on the R2 from a single factor world and the incremental R2 from a two-factor world and emerging market models as proxies for the global and emerging markets degree of integration, respectively. Relying on the Quandt test for unknown structural breakdates, the paper examines structural breaks in the degree of integration.
Findings
The degree of global integration of emerging markets exceeds their degree of integration with themselves, particularly in the recent period. Additionally, the GFC is a significant driver of the recent increase in world market integration. We observe significant structural shifts in both the degree of the world and emerging markets integration measures. The breaks in the world market integration largely coincide with the GFC, whereas that of the emerging market integration is dispersed. Also, the level of the world market degree of integration has reversed recently, although, the degree of world market integration remains above pre-crisis point.
Practical implications
There exist high country-specific components in emerging market returns that are not accounted for by the world and emerging market factors despite the recent increase in global integration. Thusly, portfolios that diversify across emerging markets appear to have a high diversification potential. Additionally, substantial diversification gains may be realised with the inclusion of emerging market assets in global portfolios.
Originality/value
The paper shows that the emerging markets respond similarly to common global, although, diversely to emerging markets events. Additionally, evidence of the impacts of the GFC on the degree of global integration of emerging markets is presented.
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The purpose of this paper is to explore the co-movements among emerging markets. The authors, additionally, investigate the driven force of the within emerging markets…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the co-movements among emerging markets. The authors, additionally, investigate the driven force of the within emerging markets integration. The authors provide evidence of volatility clustering, leverage effect and time-varying integration of emerging markets.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used dynamic conditional correlation techniques to estimate the time-varying conditional correlations among emerging markets. The cross-sectional and time series variations in the within emerging markets correlations are then described by various market and economic factors.
Findings
The authors show that investment, domestic credit to the private sector and import of financial services have a positive relation within emerging markets co-movements. However, claim on central government, current account balance and financial services exports have a negative relation with the integration among emerging markets. Evidence is also provided that liquidity and market depth explain the correlation between emerging markets.
Originality/value
The findings show that emerging markets ability to convert domestic assets into investments appears to be the single most important factor influencing with in emerging markets integration. The findings indicate that across-emerging markets diversification potential exists.
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Nicholas Addai Boamah, Emmanuel Opoku and Stephen Zamore
The study investigates the co-movements amongst real estate investments trust (REITs). This study examines the co-movements between the world and individual countries' REITs and…
Abstract
Purpose
The study investigates the co-movements amongst real estate investments trust (REITs). This study examines the co-movements between the world and individual countries' REITs and the co-movements amongst country-pair REITs. This study explores the responsiveness of the REITs markets' co-movements to the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC), the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the Russian–Ukraine conflict.
Design/methodology/approach
The study employs a wavelet coherency technique and relies on data from six REITs markets over the 1995–2022 period.
Findings
The evidence shows a generally high level of coherency between the global and the country's REITs. The findings further indicate higher co-movements between some country pairs and a lower co-movement for others. The results suggest that the REITs markets increased in co-movements around the 2008 GFC, the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian–Ukraine conflict. These increased co-movements mostly lasted for a short period suggesting REITs markets contagion around these global events. The results generally suggest interdependence between the global and the country's REITs. Additionally, interdependence is observed for some of the country-pair REITs.
Originality/value
The evidence indicates that REITs markets respond to global events. Thus, the increasing co-movement amongst REITs observed in this study may expose domestic REITs to global crisis. However, this study provides opportunities for minimising the cost of capital for real estate projects. Also, REITs provide limited diversification gains around crisis times. Therefore, countries need to open the REITs markets to global investors whilst pursuing policies to ensure the resilience of the REITs markets to global events. Investors should also take note of the declining geographic diversification gains from some country-pair REITs portfolios.
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Nicholas Addai Boamah, Francis Ofori-Yeboah and Nicholas Asare
This study investigates the ability of crime management expenses, recognised external quality certification and ownership structure to describe the cross-sectional changes in the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the ability of crime management expenses, recognised external quality certification and ownership structure to describe the cross-sectional changes in the capital and labour efficiencies of manufacturing firms in middle income economies. It controls for the potential effects of graft incidence and firm age on firm-level efficiency.
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts a state space model approach within the context of cross-sectional regressions. Data for the study are obtained from the World Bank Enterprise Survey for 2006, 2009, 2013, 2016 and 2019.
Findings
The study provides evidence that crime management expenses impact labour efficiency negatively. Also, its effect on capital efficiency is positive in 2019 and negative in 2013 and 2016 eras. Additionally, external auditor services and internationally recognised quality certification increase labour and capital efficiencies. Graft incidence exerts negative and positive effect on capital efficiency in the recent and earlier periods respectively. In addition, older firms tend to have higher labour efficiency, whilst younger firms have higher capital efficiency. There is evidence of firm size and export orientation effects in the drivers of efficiency.
Originality/value
Policies aimed at creating graft and crime-free business environment will enhance the efficiency and growth of firms' particularly for small firms. Also, the market rewards recognised quality assurance and good reputation.
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Nicholas Addai Boamah, Francis Ofori-Yeboah and Kingsley Opoku Appiah
The study investigates the effect of political instability and employee tenure security on the performance of firms in middle-income economies (MIEs) after controlling for the…
Abstract
Purpose
The study investigates the effect of political instability and employee tenure security on the performance of firms in middle-income economies (MIEs) after controlling for the influence of corruption, international quality certification, external auditor services and firm age. It examines whether ownership and sector effects matter in the explored relationships.
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts the generalized method of moments estimator and collects firm-level cross-sectional data from 77 MIEs.
Findings
The evidence shows that political uncertainty, employee tenure security and firm age negatively impact firm performance. Also, external quality assurance mainly improves firm performance. Additionally, foreign-owned firms benefit from corruption more than their domestic counterparts. Moreover, there are ownership and sector effects in the firm performance drivers.
Practical implications
The findings suggest the need for MIE firm managers to implement policies and programs to improve permanent employees' efficiency, commitment and honesty. Policy makers and political actors must work toward a stable political environment in MIEs. The policy must also focus on at least minimizing corruption.
Originality/value
The study shows the contributions of employee tenure security, political instability and corruption to the performance of MIE firms. It documents sector and ownership effects in the factors influencing firm performance.
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Nicholas Addai Boamah, Francis Ofori-Yeboah and Martin Owusu-Ansah
The study aims to investigate the effect of corruption and crime on the investments by firms in emerging economies (EEs).
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to investigate the effect of corruption and crime on the investments by firms in emerging economies (EEs).
Design/methodology/approach
The study adopts the generalised methods of moments (GMM) estimator and data across 57 EEs.
Findings
The study shows that crime management, corruption and external quality assurance drive-up investments. Additionally, investments decline with firm age and crime incidence. Corruption and crime managements increase investments by exporting firms more than non-exporting firms investments. Also, external auditor services benefit investments by large firms more than small-medium firms.
Originality/value
There is a need for EEs to implement policies that will curtail corruption and create a level playing field and sustainable firm growth. EEs firms must be innovative to expand their productive investments and grow over time. Also, EEs firms should seek external quality certification, invest in internal security and monitor goods in transit.
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Nicholas Addai Boamah, Emmanuel Opoku and Augustine Boakye-Dankwa
This study aims to examine the descriptive capabilities of efficiency, liquidity risk and capital risk for the cross-sectional and time-series variations in banks’ performance…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the descriptive capabilities of efficiency, liquidity risk and capital risk for the cross-sectional and time-series variations in banks’ performance across emerging economies (EEs). It also examines the impact of the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC) on the effects of capital, liquidity and efficiency on banks’ performance.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper adopts a spatial panel model and collects data across 90 EEs.
Findings
The study shows that a surge in efficiency and liquidity improves bank performance. In addition, banks that finance credit creation primarily with core deposits perform better. Also, banks in EEs responded to the GFC. The findings show that banks in EEs respond to global events emanating from the developed economies. This indicates that EEs banks are relatively integrated with banks in developed markets.
Originality/value
Improvement in profit efficiency and effective liquidity and capital risk management enhance the performance of EEs banks.
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William Mawuli K. Adjimah, Nicholas Addai Boamah, Joseph Oscar Akotey and Kingsley Opoku Appiah
This study aims to investigate the conditioning effect of formal institutional environments on the relationship between religious diversity and bank capital decisions.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the conditioning effect of formal institutional environments on the relationship between religious diversity and bank capital decisions.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used random effects, generalised least squares regression and the method of moments quantile regression to analyse cross-country variations in bank capital decisions using data from 151 countries between 2000 and 2021.
Findings
The findings show managers take more risks and perceive low regulatory capital as an avenue to success and innovation in more religiously diverse countries. Additionally, institutional quality reverts the negative consequence of religious differences on bank regulatory capital in developing and emerging countries but worsens in developed countries.
Research limitations/implications
The role of deregulation and economic policy uncertainty can be considered for future research on religious diversity and bank capital decision dynamics.
Practical implications
Bank managers may adapt capital ratios to informal institutional factors in individual countries without overlooking the influence of formal institutional indicators.
Originality/value
By advancing studies from an institutional perspective, the authors contribute theoretically to the literature by examining the joint effect of the informal and formal institutional environments on regulatory capital decisions. This will help regulators, supervisors and policymakers better understand the drivers of bank regulatory capital decisions to safeguard the banking systems with the right strategy and policy.
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative importance of global sector effects in African sector portfolios (ASPs). It explores the dynamics of the rate of change and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative importance of global sector effects in African sector portfolios (ASPs). It explores the dynamics of the rate of change and the level of global sector effects in their respective ASPs.
Design/methodology/approach
The variance of African industry returns is decomposed to the component attributable to the corresponding global industry and the proportion that is African industry specific. The authors then scale the global component by the African sector-specific component to obtain the relative global sector influences in their corresponding ASP returns.
Findings
The evidence suggests that global sector effects are dominated by African industry-specific influences on the African markets; however, in the recent period the global sector influence has risen in importance. Additionally, the 2008 Global Financial Crisis had significant impact in the relative global sector effects in the ASPs. Turning points in the rate of change of and the relative importance of the corresponding global sector effects in the ASPs are identified. The findings infer time-varying global sector effects in their respective ASPs. The evidence suggests sector-level differences in the diversification gain of the ASPs.
Originality/value
The ASPs offer global investors the opportunity for diversification gains when included in geographically diversified portfolio within the same sector, although, global sector effects on the African markets have increased recently.
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Joseph Oscar Akotey, Godfred Aawaar and Nicholas Addai Boamah
This research explores to answer the question: What accounts for the substantial underwriting losses in the Ghanaian insurance industry?
Abstract
Purpose
This research explores to answer the question: What accounts for the substantial underwriting losses in the Ghanaian insurance industry?
Design/methodology/approach
Thirty-four (34) insurers' audited financial reports covering the period of 2007 to 2017 were analysed through dynamic panel regression to uncover the underlying causes of high underwriting losses in the Ghanaian insurance industry.
Findings
The findings indicate that efforts at increasing market share by overtrading add no value to insurers underwriting profitability. The underwriting risk suggests that the industry charges disproportionately too small premiums for the risks it underwrites. This may indicate under-pricing by some insurers to grow their customer base.
Practical implications
The findings have implications for managerial efficiency and risk management structures that align compensation with underwriting efficiency.
Originality/value
The association between managerial preference and the underwriting performance of insurers in emerging markets has rarely been researched. This study responds to this knowledge challenge.
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