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The paper aims to help companies develop a better understanding of customer needs through quantitative analysis of Kano's model.

A novel approach is developed to measure and quantify the relationships between customer satisfaction and the fulfillment of customer requirements (S‐CR) as depicted in Kano's model. A case study concerning notebook computer design is conducted to illustrate the application of the proposed approach.

By implementing the proposed approach, S‐CR relationship functions have been identified from Kano's model to illustrate the impact of different customer requirements on customer satisfaction. The case study demonstrates that the proposed approach can be implemented successfully.

In order to identify the S‐CR relationship functions, several assumptions have been made in determining the shape of relationship curves in Kano's model. Future work could focus on improving the assumptions to derive the relationship functions more objectively.

The proposed approach enables companies to develop a better understanding of customer requirements by visualizing the impact of customer requirements on customer satisfaction through S‐CR relationship functions. More importantly, it provides a way for companies to integrate Kano's model with other mathematical models or tools to support engineering design.

The proposed approach goes beyond the qualitative analysis in Kano's model by identifying S‐CR relationship functions, both linear and nonlinear, to measure the impact of different customer requirements on customer satisfaction, which is currently a new attempt in the analysis of Kano's model for quality improvement.

This paper aims to revise the ideal ratio for selecting new products based on their qualitative analysis of desired/undesired functions.

The Kano model has been integrated with the ideal ratio to select and prioritize the design of new products. First, the functional analysis method in value engineering was used to determine the attributes and functions of each product design. Then, the Kano model was used to determine the type of each product attribute and to use the desirable functions of attractive attributes, one-dimensional, must-be and undesirable functions of reverse attributes in the ideal ratio to select and prioritize the design of the product. To examine the application of the proposed approach, a gas instruments manufacturing company was investigated, and five new products were selected for the study.

Based on the results, the product design of industrial regulator GS 77/22 was selected as the superior product and the digital diaphragm gas meter, ultrasonic gas meter, axial regulator and turbine gas meter had the second to fifth priority, respectively.

The proposed method can help product designers determine product designs suitable for customers' expectations and provide a desirable prioritization of the product design in terms of their ideal ratio according to the customers.

The proposed approach provides a more desirable prioritization compared with other prioritization methods based on customers' viewpoints. In the proposed method, the Kano model results in respecting customers, understanding community needs, respecting consumers' rights and increasing the organization's social responsibility, which will significantly increase the chance of product success in the market.

To analyze the limitations of two methods used in the identification of satisfaction attributes in products and services – importance performance analysis (IPA) and Kano method – and to propose a new method for identification of improvement opportunities based on the competitive analysis of the improvement gap.

A case analyzing attributes of the service “rodizio de pizzas” a kind of pizzeria found in Brazil, was used to illustrate the proposed method. Resulting from a focus group, four attributes, one of them being an innovation, were specifically chosen to include the different categories of the Kano model: basic, performance and excitement attributes. A survey was conducted with a random sample of 110 undergraduate students that eat regularly at pizzerias.

As a major limitation, IPA leads to different conclusions depending on how an attribute's importance is figured. Also, it does not take into consideration the non‐linear relationship between the performance of the attributes and customer satisfaction, possibly misleading improvement decisions and hindering the introduction of innovations. The Kano method identifies the non‐linear relationship between performance and satisfaction, but it does not take into consideration the current level of attributes' performance in the analysis. The proposed method successfully identified improvement opportunities in a service case, including the possible impact of including a new attribute, i.e. an innovative attribute, overcoming limitations of the IPA and of the Kano method.

The paper provides an intuitive and simple method that correctly identified improvement decisions in the case studied, including the introduction of an incremental innovation.

The purpose of the paper is to develop a hybrid method to prioritize risk factors (RFs) of sustainable supply chain (SSC) considering sustainable customer requirements (CRs) and uncertain evaluation.

In the proposed method, fuzzy Kano model (FKM) is applied to prioritize sustainable CRs considering customer satisfaction (CS) and objective weight of each CR, the interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) set theory is integrated with quality function deployment (QFD) to translate the sustainable CRs into RFs of SSC under uncertain environment and the IVIF cross-entropy is used to conduct objective analysis to prioritize RFs. Finally, a case in air-conditioner-manufacturing company is presented to demonstrate the proposed method.

A case study of SSC risk management, the comparative analysis and associated discussions are conducted to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results obtained from the case study shows that RF5 (market share reduction) is the most important RF in the SSC. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method can integrate sustainable CRs into SSC's RFs, handle uncertain information effectively and obtain objective importance of RFs.

Theoretically, the paper develops a customer-oriented model based on the FKM, QFD, IVIF sets and entropy theory to prioritize RFs of SSC under uncertain environment. The model enables to integrate sustainable CRs into RFs managements and is efficient to deal with the subjectivity and conduct objective analysis to prioritize RFs. In practice, the systematic and correct RFs' priorities analysis provides reliable decision support for the managers to take measures to avoid or mitigate the critical RFs.

The purpose of this paper is to apply Kano's method in practice in the cutlery industry and test its suitability to the cutlery industry. Furthermore, a Kano‐based process for weighting customer requirements is presented.

By using the example of the cutlery industry, the paper exemplifies in which way companies can use Kano's method to consider customer requirements as good as possible. Thereby, it is discussed how less popular Kano evaluation modes can support the process of prioritizing measures. Rest upon the results of a Kano project, a multistage method for weighting customer requirements is introduced. The method is based on the connection of already existing Kano evaluation modes. It calculates the meaning of a customer requirement by using the percentage dispatch of the requirement on individual Kano requirement categories.

The evaluation of Kano questionnaires – differentiated by age and sex – showed that a low price by itself is not a decisively criteria for a buyer's decision. The main successful strategy is the availability of an extensive service. The analysis of Kano evaluation modes showed that especially the methods CAT and M>O> A> I are conceptual useable for developing a Kano‐based weighting process. Through an adjustment of existing methods and by a variation of the factors of the multistage calculation algorithm it is possible to describe the process of customers' requirement prioritisation.

By calculating the weighted relevance of customer requirements directly from the results of a Kano project, the new method allows to optimize the customer orientation within the companies.

Healthcare providers are increasing their focus on patient satisfaction and patient-oriented services as they play a significant role in managing rising costs, elevating service quality and establishing sustainable quality improvement strategies. In recent years, the Kano model has gained popularity in the healthcare industry and has been employed to improve patient satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how the Kano model can be deployed to identify a wide range of complex patient needs and convey its potential usefulness in the continuous improvement of the healthcare sector.

This paper provides a case study of implementing the Kano model to identify diverse patient needs and aims to eliminate the gaps identified in prior research, which include generically applying the Kano model to all service units of the healthcare system and using a predetermined service quality scale. This study emphasizes the importance of scale development and individual attention to each healthcare service unit in determining intricate patient needs. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Student Health Services (SHS) of Missouri University of Science and Technology where the data were collected using the Kano survey. The respondents included undergraduate and graduate students that have utilized the healthcare services offered. A total of 138 patients were surveyed using a Kano model-based questionnaire that included demographics and treatment as well as service expectations.

Of the 21 quality attributes evaluated by the patients, 16 were categorized as one-dimensional, 3 as indifferent, and 2 as attractive attributes using the Kano model. None of the quality attributes showed a dominant must-be feature. The students considered the availability of appropriately qualified medical staff within 10 minutes of the check-in process and provision of after-hours care as attractive attributes that create greater satisfaction.

The research was conducted at a university SHS center. Therefore, respondents in the survey are in a younger age group, which may affect patient expectations. In addition, expectations of an SHS center may be different than expectations of visiting a primary care physician and other healthcare units.

This study contributes to a better understanding of the identification of healthcare needs using the Kano model and advocates focusing on shifts in the categories over time and changes in the demographic environment.

The purpose of this paper is to revise the Kano evaluation table and separating indifference attributes in order to develop satisfaction and dissatisfaction indexes.

The indifference requirements have been separated and reclassified, and after revising Kano satisfaction and dissatisfaction indexes based on the new evaluation table, the developed Kano model has been examined in the city of Isfahan regarding attributes of candidates in the presidential election of 2013.

According to the new classification, the indifference attributes can be separated into seven types. The results of the case study also show that among 20 priorities of the presidential candidates, payment of subsidy, offering loan and financial facilities are must-be attributes; protecting investment and national production, export incentives and increasing national unity are attractive attributes; and the remaining are one-dimensional attributes.

The case study implies that the findings are dependent on the cultural and social context of the respondents. On the other hand, the findings of Kano model analysis are limited to short-time periods.

This research is typically unique in separating indifference attributes and in revising the satisfaction and dissatisfaction indexes of the Kano model. Practically, the application of the Kano model in the presidential election is also a new subject.

By applying Kano model, this study attempts to investigate the categorization of home delivery quality elements derived from service convenience model and their impact on customer satisfaction.

In this paper, the research framework and hypotheses are constructed through a literature review. Kano model is applied to classify the home delivery service elements into five quality attributes and gender is included to understand the difference of customer perception on the obtained quality elements. Statistical analyses of the collected questionnaires were computed based on the 476 effective responses regarding the home delivery service.

The results confirm that customers' perception of home delivery service elements are classified into one‐dimensional and must‐be attributes by Kano model, while this study contributes to the creation of attractive elements that significantly affect the customer satisfaction and owning an enormous potential to further differentiate competitors. Customer satisfaction is positively correlated with different types of service convenience. It also suggests that the customers with different gender have significantly different views to quality elements of home delivery service.

The major contribution of this study is that it attempts to examine the categorization of home delivery quality elements derived from service convenience model and their impact on customer satisfaction.

The purpose of this paper is to develop and suggest a reference Kano model.

Existing Kano models have been classified into three types and, for each type, the curves, together with their corresponding evaluation tables, have been studied and a new type of the Kano model developed.

Findings imply that the existing types of the Kano model have weaknesses: starting points of the curves are not located in correct position; the sequence and slopes of the curves are not carefully illustrated; and the cells of Kano evaluation table are not coded correctly. Such problems have been resolved in the proposed Kano model.

Empirical research is needed to examine the proposed type of Kano model, and to investigate the differences between the results of the application of the new and other types of Kano model.

This study provides a valuable reference model for researchers and practitioners, to be utilized in future investigations.

The purpose of this study is to compare the results of customer satisfaction indices (SI) in the literature and to propose equations to show that the reverse attribute needs to be taken into account in these calculations owing to its impact on customer satisfaction.

To propose equations that take into account all types of quality attributes and in opposition to the models proposed by Berger (1993) and Wang (2013), in this work, a questionnaire adapted from the Kano model was developed, using the dimensions of the SERVQUAL model and applied to tourists who use the airline service. Data collection was carried out through social media, obtaining 694 responses.

The findings show that the attributes considered as reverse were linked to the delay in the service late check-in, delay in the dispatch of luggage, delay in on-board service and take-off delay, generating dissatisfaction among tourists. Moreover, the same database used to compare the results of the dissatisfaction indices of Berger (1993) and Wang (2013) showed inconsistencies reinforcing the gap that this research intends to close. After the proposal of the SI made by the authors of the present research it was possible to verify the confirmation regarding the definition of reverse attribute developed by the Kano model, reinforcing that the customer satisfaction decreases with the presence of reverse attribute.

The originality of this research seeks to contribute to the academic literature and organizational practices by investigating a gap in the SI proposed by Berger et al. (1993) for not inserting the reverse attributes and, later, studied by Wang (2013). Furthermore, this research uses the Kano questionnaire as an input to assist in the correct identification and evaluation of all attributes present in the service offered.

航空质量评估以改善战略旅游管理

这项研究的目的是比较文献中客户满意度指数的结果, 并提出方程式, 以显示由于反向属性对客户满意度的影响, 需要在这些计算中考虑反向属性。

为了提出考虑所有类型质量属性且与Berger (1993）和Wang (2013）提出的模型相反的方程式, 在这项工作中, 使用Kano模型改编了问卷。 SERVQUAL模型的维度, 并应用于使用航空公司服务的游客。数据收集是通过社交媒体进行的, 获得了694条回应。

调查结果表明, 被认为是反向的属性与服务的延迟（延迟登机（属性23）, 行李寄送的延迟（属性24）, 机上服务的延迟（属性25）有关。以及起飞延迟（属性26）引起游客的不满, 此外, 用于比较Berger (1993）和Wang (2013）的不满指标结果的同一数据库显示出不一致的地方, 从而加剧了本研究打算缩小的差距根据本研究的作者提出的满意度指标的提议, 有可能验证由Kano模型开发的关于反向属性定义的确认, 从而加强了客户满意度随着反向属性的存在而降低的事实。

本研究的独创性旨在通过调查Berger等人(1993）提出的不插入反向属性的满意度指标方面的差距来为学术文献和组织实践做出贡献, 后来由Wang (2013）研究。此外, 本研究使用Kano问卷作为输入, 以帮助正确识别和评估所提供服务中存在的所有属性。

Evaluación de la calidad de las aerolíneas para mejorar la gestión estratégica del turismo

El propósito de este estudio es comparar los resultados de los índices de satisfacción del cliente en la literatura y proponer ecuaciones para mostrar que el atributo inverso debe tenerse en cuenta en estos cálculos debido a su impacto en la satisfacción del cliente.

Con el fin de proponer ecuaciones que tengan en cuenta todo tipo de atributos de calidad y en oposición a los modelos propuestos por Berger (1993) y Wang (2013), en este trabajo se desarrolló un cuestionario adaptado del modelo de Kano, utilizando el dimensiones del modelo SERVQUAL y aplicado a los turistas que utilizan el servicio de la aerolínea. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de las redes sociales, obteniendo 694 respuestas.

Los hallazgos muestran que los atributos considerados como revertidos estaban vinculados al retraso en el servicio (Facturación tardía (atributo 23), Retraso en el despacho de equipaje (atributo 24), Retraso en el servicio a bordo (atributo 25) y retraso en el despegue (atributo 26), que genera insatisfacción entre los turistas. Además, la misma base de datos utilizada para comparar los resultados de los índices de insatisfacción de Berger (1993) y Wang (2013) mostró inconsistencias que refuerzan la brecha que esta investigación pretende cerrar Luego de la propuesta de los índices de satisfacción realizada por los autores de la presente investigación se pudo verificar la confirmación respecto a la definición de atributo inverso desarrollada por el Modelo Kano, reforzando que la satisfacción del cliente disminuye con la presencia de atributo inverso.

La originalidad de esta investigación busca contribuir a la literatura académica y las prácticas organizacionales investigando un vacío en los índices de satisfacción propuestos por Berger et al. (1993) por no insertar los atributos inversos y, posteriormente, estudiado por Wang (2013). Además, esta investigación utiliza el cuestionario de Kano como insumo para ayudar en la correcta identificación y evaluación de todos los atributos presentes en el servicio ofrecido.