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There has been a great deal of research published on the lower success rates of women and underrepresented (UR) students in Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics-related (STEM) occupations. For biomedical scientists in particular, many of the obstacles to success occur during graduate training and may be related, at least in part, to certain demographic characteristics (i.e. gender or ethnicity). In particular, women and UR students may be positioned disproportionately into labs with fewer resources and less productive faculty advisors. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

The present study examines the distribution of biomedical science graduate students into research laboratories, based on the gender and ethnicity of both students and faculty advisors. This is archival data that were collected via publicly available information on the internet.

Results indicate that female (vs male) students and UR (vs white and Asian) students are paired with advisors who are less successful (i.e. fewer publications, lower h-indices). Additionally, the data show patterns of homophily in that female (vs male) and white and Asian (vs UR) students are more likely to be paired with female and white and Asian advisors, respectively.

This research uses real-world, archival data to demonstrate that phenomena suggested in previous literature (e.g. less favorable pairings for female and UR students, homophilic pairings) occurs with this specific population.

In 1959, more than 75% of cars produced in the U.S.A. were fitted with automatic transmissions, and the Hydra‐Matic system is in wide use. In the case of this transmission, smoothness of operation is particularly important with respect to the 2–3 shift, which is the only forward shift that is accomplished by engagement of clutch plates. In a paper to the Society of Automobile Engineers, at the Summer Meeting in June, John J. Rodgers and Merrill L. Haviland, of the General Motors Research Laboratories, presented the results of investigations aimed at clarifying the manner in which additives modify the friction characteristics of automatic transmission fluids, as well as the effect of an inert atmosphere on transmission shift performance.

The UK is at present fighting for its share of the market, on two fronts ‐ price and quality. The article explores the Value of Quality Costing, and the evils of multiple inspection, assessment and approvals. It covers some recent research on these topics and suggests that the solutions are very much in the hands of industry. A self‐financing method of achieving success is also proposed.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how one company responded to opportunities and threats during periods of economic downturn. It aims to explore the area of organizational change and development and how organizational dynamics can shed light on the issue. It also aims to look at how companies are implementing various schemes to motivate staff and increase morale during the economic crisis.

The paper draws on a case study and the views of a practitioner that adopts a dynamic rather than a conventional organizational dynamics (OD) viewpoint. It extracts the main points from articles dealing with managing employees through the recovery.

“Every cloud has a silver lining”. Or so they say. For companies the ability to take advantage of a financial and economic downturn and to use it to their advantage depends on a whole number of factors – some of them within their control, but others over which they have no control at all. What makes it possible for some companies to come out of a recession relatively unscathed, even healthier than they were before while for other companies it marks the beginning of their downward spiral to oblivion? This paper analyses a case study of a company that has thrived during turbulent periods, draws on the views of development specialists and organizational practitioners to critically examine current practice in these areas and provides information from relevant articles looking at managing employees through the recovery.

The paper provides management with useful insights into how organizations can survive an economic downturn and how employees can be motivated to support a change agenda.

The paper looks at how working conditions can be made more employee‐friendly.

The paper contributes to the discussion on how organizations can weather the economic crisis and examines different strategies for engaging the workforce.

The addition of nutrient factors, vitamins, minerals, etc., to food to enrich or restore deficiencies in normal concentrations is considered by most people to be a commendable practice, in quite a different category to other food additives, which have little or nothing to do with nutrition and are used mainly for commercial purposes.

First January 1973 will not only mark the beginning of a New Year but a year which history will mark as a truly momentous one, for this is the year that Britain, after centuries of absence, re‐enters the framework of Europe as one of the Member‐States of the enlarged European Community. This in itself must make for change on both sides; Britain is so different in outlook from the others, something they too realize and see as an acquisition of strength. There have been other and more limited forms of Continental union, mainly of sovereignty and royal descent. Large regions of France were for centuries under the English Crown and long after they were finally lost, the fleur de lis stayed on the royal coat of arms, until the Treaty of Amiens 1802, when Britain retired behind her sea curtain. The other Continental union was, of course, with Hanover; from here the Germanized descendants of the Stuarts on the female line returned to the throne of their ancestors. This union lasted until 1832 when rules of descent prevented a woman from reigning in Hanover. It is interesting to speculate how different history might have been if only the British Crown and the profits of Tudor and Stuart rule had been maintained in one part of central Europe. However, Britain disentangled herself and built up overwhelming sea power against a largely hostile Europe, of which it was never conceived she could ever be a part, but the wheel of chance turns half‐circle and now, this New Year, she enters into and is bound to a European Community by the Treaty of Rome with ties far stronger, the product of new politico‐economic structures evolved from necessity; in a union which cannot fail to change the whole course of history, especially for this country.

While e‐business is often mixed with electronic commerce (e‐commerce), they are completely different concepts. E‐business encompasses e‐commerce as well as many other applications. There are more benefits to be derived from e‐business than from e‐commerce. Electronic business (e‐business) is revolutionizing the way of communication between internal and external stakeholders within an organization. Connecting numerous information systems and integrating data streams can significantly increase the operational efficiency of the firm. E‐business can lead to competitive advantage as well as profitability.

Isolates the importance of economic level and cultural level and cultural perceptions in influencing agency selection overseas by major US companies. Recounts that many study findings, relating particularly to the use of local or US‐based advertising agencies, are examined. Particular concern is to whether or not such factors as the advertiser's attitudes towards cultural factor importance and market area economic development, are considerations in the placing of preparing and placing non‐domestic advertising. Looks at the role of culture and statements to prove advantages and disadvantages in these. Concludes that if a firm uses either US‐based agencies for overseas representation or foreign‐based agencies, its management is displaying some concern for the cultural and other differences forced between markets.

The following classified, annotated list of titles is intended to provide reference librarians with a current checklist of new reference books, and is designed to supplement the RSR review column, “Recent Reference Books,” by Frances Neel Cheney. “Reference Books in Print” includes all additional books received prior to the inclusion deadline established for this issue. Appearance in this column does not preclude a later review in RSR. Publishers are urged to send a copy of all new reference books directly to RSR as soon as published, for immediate listing in “Reference Books in Print.” Reference books with imprints older than two years will not be included (with the exception of current reprints or older books newly acquired for distribution by another publisher). The column shall also occasionally include library science or other library related publications of other than a reference character.

BRITAIN'S newest airline — Air 2000 — took delivery at its Manchester Airport base on 3rd April 1987 of the first of three new Boeing 757‐28A aircraft. The aircraft will enter service almost immediately in Charter Operations for Owners Abroad Group PLC specialising in passenger charters from Manchester to European holiday destinations.