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Organizational scholars studying compensation often place an emphasis on certain employee groups (e.g., executives). Missing from this discussion is research on the compensation systems for low-wage jobs. In this review, the authors argue that workers in low-wage jobs represent a unique employment group in their understanding of rent allocation in organizations. The authors address the design of compensation strategies in organizations that lead to different outcomes for workers in low-wage jobs versus other workers. Drawing on and integrating human resource management (HRM), inequality, and worker literatures with compensation literature, the authors describe and explain compensation systems for low-wage work. The authors start by examining workers in low-wage work to identify aspects of these workers’ jobs and lives that can influence their health, performance, and other organizationally relevant outcomes. Next, the authors explore the compensation systems common for this type of work, building on the compensation literature, by identifying the low-wage work compensation designs, proposing the likely explanations for why organizations craft these designs, and describing the worker and organizational outcomes of these designs. The authors conclude with suggestions for future research in this growing field and explore how organizations may benefit by rethinking their approach to compensation for low-wage work. In sum, the authors hope that this review will be a foundational work for those interested in investigating organizational compensation issues at the intersection of inequality and worker and organizational outcomes.

Dual diagnosis [co-occurring mental health and addiction challenges] and recovery from the same are multifaceted and complex issues. These multifaceted and complex issues are difficult, time-consuming and require a multi-agency approach to their treatment. This chapter aims to present the characteristics that embody co-occurring disorders with the idea of defining this symbiotic relationship for the reader. This text will also highlight the paucity of resources currently available to those with a dual diagnosis.

This, the first chapter of this text provides an introduction to a social world that is constructed through cultural attitudes, with a long history of the so-called ‘insane’ or deviants being excluded from society. In many cases, this was due to their behaviour resulting from an addiction issue, mental ill health or as is often the case, both. The chapter begins with an introduction to what led to the conceptualisation of this text. Once this occurs, the interplay between the ‘normal’ and the deviant, as discussed above, is played through an examination of the cultural perceptions of both mental health and addiction. In addition, to support this, a brief historical timeline of mental health, addiction and dual diagnosis is described and visually depicted. Finally, the chapter concludes with an introduction to both editors of this text who then describe what will be discussed in the chapters that follow.

Chapter 6 explores the cultural impact of mental health, addiction, and dual diagnosis challenges with a specific focus on Irish society. The chapter takes a staggered approach whereby each type of challenge is separated and discussed individually, before being joined together through discussions on dual diagnosis as presented in Section 6.4. These discussions are designed to highlight the cultural deviance that is perceived by other people towards those with such diagnosis over the years that such diagnosis have been prevalent in history. In particular, the discussions around dual diagnosis here will strengthen the discussion in Chapter 4: ‘The Conundrum of Dual Diagnosis’ and will set the groundwork for the remainder of this text.

The second chapter of this text provides an introduction to policy relating to mental health, addiction and dual diagnosis from three jurisdictions [Ireland, UK and Australia], chosen because of their close links to Irish people and mental health service provision. The chapter begins with an introduction, reflecting on key points raised in Chapter 1 and how they are relevant to this present chapter. A critical exploration of the policies within these three jurisdictional areas is then presented to highlight the strategic direction of mental health and addiction service provision within the three jurisdictions. This includes the acknowledgement that mental health and addiction services need to be integrated as the presence of dual diagnosis in modern society increases at an alarming rate. Finally, this chapter concludes with a link to each of the policies mentioned herein for those who wish to explore these issues further.

User involvement and co-production are imperative to the design, delivery and evaluation of service provision. This chapter provides a brief introduction to these concepts as they relate to mental health, addiction and dual diagnosis. This occurs through an exploration of models of user involvement, particularly, Arnstein’s ladder of participation and MHERs engagement continuum. This is followed by exploring the benefits of user involvement at both a micro and macro level. Co-production – as the highest form of participation is also introduced followed by how these concepts are noted within policy. These concepts are imperative to the creation of a recovery-orientated service that meets the needs of the whole person and their supporters.

Readmissions to the hospital are expensive and can have negative health consequences for patients. Older adults are at greater risk of readmission. Patient perspectives are valuable in identifying areas for improvement in the transition of care. The purpose of this qualitative study is to increase our understanding of patients’ perspectives on the transition of care from hospital to primary care.

This study employs a qualitative methodology to conduct semi-structured interviews with patients who have been discharged from hospitals in the Ireland East Hospital Group region. Remote interviews were conducted with 18 participants from eight general practices. Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis as described by Braun and Clarke.

The three main themes identified were communication, outpatient supports and patient education. Gaps in communication do occur, but patients are often too external to comment. Patients benefit from a wide variety of outpatient supports including general practice, family, carers, allied health professionals and voluntary organisations. Access and cost are barriers to these supports. Participants were generally positive towards proposed primary care-based interventions such as follow-up appointments with general practitioners (GPs) and education sessions.

This study highlights a number of areas for improvement in the transition of care in current practice including communication between services and access to outpatient care. It also suggests directions for further research, such as explorations of healthcare provider perspectives and pilot studies of readmission reduction interventions.