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The literature on global value chains and global production networks suggests limited entrepreneurial opportunities for small firms from developing countries. However, in networks power can accrue not only to central players (such as lead firms), but also to “marginal” players that can play a brokering role. Brokers get their power from connecting parties that would otherwise not be connected and firms that can bridge structural holes may well have impact beyond what would be suggested by their size. This chapter theorizes and provides evidence for global entrepreneurship through brokerage; when entrepreneurs recognize business opportunities in one context, can identify resources from another context, and can connect the two. Global entrepreneurship through brokerage can take place any time when entrepreneurs see opportunities that can be brokered between any two countries, but it takes a specific form in developing countries. A global entrepreneur can earn rents by bridging the gap between the resources of developed countries and the opportunities in emerging markets. This study examines a South African company providing low-cost housing with funds from socially responsible institutional investors, mainly from North America. The very different institutional conditions of the two contexts facilitate an understanding of how this type of entrepreneurship takes place.

When building parts in a stereolithography apparatus (SLA), the user is faced with many decisions regarding how the part will be built. The quality of the build can be controlled by the user by changing one of several build style variables, including part orientation, cross sectional layer thickness, and laser hatch density. A user will probably have preferences for the part build (i.e. accuracy or speed), but may not understand how to vary the build style variables to produce the desired results. A method based on response surface methodology and multiobjective decision support is described in this paper for relating build goals to the build style variables to provide support for making build style decisions. The method is applied to the build style of a circuit breaker handle. Results indicate the method’s usefulness in supporting build style decisions. Expected behaviors of the goals with respect to the variables were confirmed and quantified. Additionally, response surface methodology was shown to be accurate and effective in modeling the relationships among variables and goals.

Professional touching behavior (PTB), defined as intentional touching behavior that occurs between organizational members and that falls within the boundaries of appropriateness and professionalism in the workplace, is prevalent in organizations. Scholars from multiple disciplines, including human resources researchers, have acknowledged the importance of physical contact for facilitating interpersonal communication and relationship-building. However, PTB may not only elicit positive reactions from those who receive it but also negative reactions as well, with implications for social dynamics in organizations. PTB can, on the one hand, fulfill employees’ desires for interpersonal connection; at the same time, such physical contact at work can represent a threat to employees’ health. To explain the nature and implications of these divergent effects of receiving PTB, the authors draw upon sociometer theory and behavioral immune system (BIS) theory to model the emotional, cognitive, and physiological processes via which, and the conditions under which, receiving such behavior will result in socially functional responses and prompt subsequent prosocial behavior, and when PTB will be perceived as a health risk and prompt withdrawal behavior. The theoretical framework of this chapter expands our conceptual understanding of the consequences of interpersonal physical contact at work and has important human resources management (HRM) implications for organizational managers.

In 1985 Canada became the first country to replace its funds flow statement by a cash flow statement. By mid 1991, South Africa, the USA and New Zealand had done the same. Britain, Australia and the IASC all issued statements announcing their intention to follow suit. Thus we have the first example in accounting history of the replacement of one of the three final accounts by an entirely new report. The new report, the cash flow statement, when compiled under the direct method, is a receipts and payment account rearranged under the three headings of operations, financing and investment. A receipts and payments account is the earliest and simplest form of final account, long predating the profit & loss account and balance sheet, and long predating Pacioli's “De Summa Arithmetica” in 1492. The statement which the Cash Flow Statement replaces is less than 120 years old (Rosen & De Coster 1969) and was only mandatory in published British accounts since SSAP 10 came into force in 1975. The purpose of this article is to hold an inquest into the death of the funds statement to determine the cause of death.

Theories of platform strategy and adoption have been largely derived from studies of their application in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector. These platforms vary in openness, with the model of open source software providing the best-known exemplar for open platforms.

This exploratory field study examines the degree to which nine attributes of ICT platforms are applicable to open platforms in biotechnology. Using a combination of interview and secondary data, it identifies three patterns of such biotechnology platforms – IP commons, hackerspaces, and crowdsourced patient registries – and the degree to which these nine attributes apply. It shows the impact of ICT platforms and open source software on open source approaches to biotechnology, and how the latter are affected by the technical, legal, and institutional differences between information technology and biotechnology.

Instead of open source software platforms organized around modular interfaces, complements, ecosystems, and two-sided markets, this study instead suggests a model of open source knowledge platforms which benefits from economies of scale but not indirect network effects. From this, it discusses the generalizability of the ICT-derived models of open source platforms and offers suggestions for future research.

To succeed in the 1990s management must be globally‐minded and extremely knowledgeable of the competition. Using new technology within flexible, downsized and decentralised organisations, they must react quickly to rapidly changing markets. Firms will turn to employees for help in improving productivity and quality. Likewise, managers must be more sensitive towards employees. They will offer creative incentives and working conditions to keep employees happy and attract quality employees, which will be in short supply.

Utilizing the 1995 Adult Education Interview compiled by the National Center for Education Statistics, this study examined the determinants of training participation among adult female employees. Drawing on Sterns’s (1986) model of individual decision-making about training, we hypothesized that baby boomer cohorts of women would have higher rates of training participation than younger and older cohorts of women. This hypothesis was confirmed by results on age group variables. We also confirmed that both mandatory continuing education requirements and technological innovation in clerical occupations increased the likelihood of overall training participation among baby boomers, while only mandatory continuing education requirements significantly affected the overall training likelihoods of older and younger cohorts. Findings for disaggregated categories of training suggest that employer-support may be critical to female training participation, especially in lower wage occupations.

This study examines liberal second-wave feminists’ writings about cooking. Most scholarship of liberal feminism has focused on the attempts to integrate women into previously male-dominated public spaces such as higher education, the professions, and political office. Less attention has been paid to how these feminists politicized feminized spaces such as the home. A longstanding tension between the housewife role and feminist identities has led many to theorize that feminists avoid or resent domestic tasks. However, I argue that some liberal feminists in the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s suggested engaging with cooking in subversive ways that challenged patriarchal institutions and supported their political goals.

I analyze 148 articles about cooking in Ms. magazine between 1972 and 1985. I also analyze the copy and recipes within four community cookbooks published by liberal feminist organizations.

I find that liberal feminists suggested utilizing time- and labor-saving cooking methods, encouraged men to cook, and proposed that women make money from cooking. These three techniques challenged the traditional division of domestic labor, supported women’s involvement in the paid workplace, and increased women’s control of economic resources.

This study turns the opposition between feminism and feminized tasks on its head, showing that rather than avoiding cooking, some liberal feminists proposed ways of cooking that challenged patriarchal institutions. I show how subordinate populations can develop ways of subversively engaging with tasks that are typically seen as oppressive, using them in an attempt to advance their social position.