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The purpose of this study is to present a holistic literature review on crime research in the hospitality and tourism field.

This literature review included 109 crime-related academic papers in seven primary sources, namely, ScienceDirect, EBSCOhost’s hospitality and tourism complete, Emerald Management eJournals, Sage Journals, Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science.

From the exploration and synthesis of 109 articles, the following categories of crime research in the hospitality and tourism field emerged as follows: classification of crime research in the hospitality and tourism field; diversity of tourists, crime and risk perceptions; the impacts of crime on the hospitality and tourism industry; and crime control from stakeholders’ papers. In addition, this study advances crime research by proposing six research priorities for future investigation.

Tourism stakeholders are advised to achieve better cooperation in crime control under the guidance of the crime prevention model. High-technology tools are encouraged to be applied to detect and track criminal activities. Meanwhile, diverse applications of the media should be used as useful tools to control criminal activities in the hospitality and tourism industry.

This paper fills a gap by presenting the first comprehensive overview of crime research in the hospitality and tourism field in the past few decades and proposing six priorities for this research stream.

The purpose of this paper is to assess the water resources vulnerability (WRV) rationally in Haihe River Basin (HRB) using set pair analysis (SPA) theory.

An improved intelligent set pair analysis (IISPA) model is established, in which intelligent SPA theory is introduced and the weights are determined by use of the maximum entropy principle and the improved analytic hierarchy process method. The index systems and criteria of WRV assessment in terms of water cycle, socio-economy, and ecological environment are established based on the analysis of sensibility and adaptability.

The authors apply IISPA to the WRV assessment of seven administrative divisions in HRB. Results show IISPA can fully take advantage of certain and uncertain information compared with fuzzy assessment and topsis assessment models. For present situation, Shanxi, Shandong, Tianjing, Inner Mongolia, Hebei are higher, Henan and Beijing are the middle vulnerability. But Henan will become worse under climate change scenario II and IV.

The analysis results may be affected by the limited climate change data.

It is helpful for further research to the complexity analysis of water resources system.

This paper will have an important impact on water resources sustainable utilization.

This is the first time to utilize IISPA method to analyze the WRV of seven administrative divisions in HRB. This paper provides an important theoretical support for water resources management.

This paper seeks to introduce an evolved hybrid genetic algorithm and neural network (GNN) model. The model is developed to predict contractor performance given the current attributes in a process to pre‐qualify the most appropriate contractor. The predicted performance is used to pre‐qualify the contractors.

Hypothetical and real‐life case studies from projects executed in the Gaza Strip and West Bank were collected through structured questionnaires. The evaluation of the contractor's attributes and the corresponding actual performance of the contractor in terms of time, cost, and quality overrun (OR) were collected. The weighted contractor's attributes were used as inputs to the GNN model. The corresponding time, cost, and quality ORs for the same cases were fed as outputs to the GNN model in a supervised learning back propagation neural network (NN). (The adopted training and testing process to develop a trained model is presented.) The training process, including choosing the topology of the required NN using genetic algorithms, is explained.

The results revealed that there is a satisfactory relationship between the contractor attributes and the corresponding performance in terms of contractor's deviation from the client objectives. The accuracy of the model in terms of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), R², average absolute error and mean square error revealed that the model has sufficient accuracy for implementation. The average MAPE for time, cost and quality OR is 15 per cent. Consequently, the model accuracy is 85 per cent.

The GNN model is able to predict future contractor performance for given attributes.

The purpose of this paper is to design and measure an H‐plane substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) 72 GHz backfired horn antenna chip. The SIW horn was fabricated on a standard 0.5‐μm GaAs process with substrate thickness of 100 μm.

Planar SIW horn design method with standard GaAs circuit design rule was adopted. The input reflection coefficient and output antenna gain was simulated at the FEM‐based 3D full‐wave EM solver, Ansoft HFSS and measured at the Agilent E8361C Network Analyzer and Cascade 110 GHz probe station.

The measured input −6 dB bandwidth is about 0.9 GHz at a center frequency of 72.39 GHz. The maximum antenna power gain extracted from the path loss at 72.39 GHz is about −3.64 dBi.

Thin substrate exhibits larger capacitance and energy stores rather than radiates. Flat cutting restricts the arc lens design and results in the radiation plane mismatches to the air. Simple taper transition design makes the input bandwidth much narrower. The problems can be further improved by selecting thicker substrate and the multi‐section input CPW GSG pads to microstrip transition.

Unlike the traditional anechoic chamber, the antenna measurement station is exposed to the open space and chip antenna was supported by the FR4 substrate and the metal probing station plate. A fully characterization of the antenna open space environment before the measurement is needed.

An H‐plane SIW 72 GHz horn antenna was designed and studied. The antenna was using the GaAs 0.5‐μm MMICs process design rule includes the SIW designed cylindrical metal bars all being restricted in standard rectangular shape. Compare to traditional bulky waveguide horn antenna, the antenna chip size is only 1.8×1.7 mm². The on‐wafer measurement is conducted to measure the input return loss and the maximum antenna power gain of the on‐chip antenna. The designed on‐chip SIW horn antenna is useful for the integrated design of the E band GaAs MMICs single‐chip RF transceiver.

In electronic commerce (EC), user interest reflects the behavior set of a users’ group acting on certain impulses. Electronic commerce web stations (ECWS) might be useful for intelligent information technology to create and refine the user interests database (UIDB) to make all kinds of service personalized. Usually two types of information should be included in UIDB. The first is contents of products or services and the second is forms for showing the contents. Both their structures are tangled trees. The issues about how to implement personalized service were investigated, the concepts of user interests and the structure of UIDB are defined, those about ECWS, how to create UIDB by user answers' selections, update and refine UIDB by user’s feedback information are discussed in detail in this paper. By means of UIDB, ECWS can actively recommend suitable series of pre‐sent web pages for different user groups and gradually arrive at their aim: offering personalized service for user groups.

The purpose of this paper is to accurately simulate and predict the daily extreme temperature in Beijing Reservoir and the monthly extreme temperature in Tianjin Reservoir using wavelet refined rank set pair analysis (WRRSPA).

The new method, called WRRSPA, which combines wavelet analysis and refined rank set pair analysis (RRSPA), was proposed for use in this study because of the non-linear and multi-time scale characteristics of the temperature series. The model includes the advantages of the multi-resolution feature of wavelet analysis and the non-parametric data-driven prediction from refined rank set air analysis.

Based on the daily extreme temperature of Beijing Reservoir, the predictions of the last 18 days reveal that WRRSPA is more appropriate because the percentage of the relative errors that are smaller than 10 percent increased from 78 percent by Back Propagation (BP) and 78 percent by RRSPA to 100 percent by WRRSPA in Beijing Reservoir. In addition, WRRSPA has lower values of root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) and a higher coefficient of efficiency (modified coefficient of efficiency (MCE)). The last 12 monthly extreme temperature predictions of Tianjin Reservoir demonstrate that WRRSPA produces prediction results: the percentage of relative errors that are smaller than 10 percent are improved from 34 percent by BP and 58 percent by RRSPA to 67 percent by WRRSPA. In addition, WRRSPA also has lower values of RMSE and MAE and a higher coefficient of efficiency (MCE).

The analysis results ignore the physical processes and may be affected by the limited observation data. In addition, the WRRSPA method is still in its early stages of application and must be further tested.

The results of the study are helpful for the study of the complex features and accurate prediction of temperature series.

This paper contributes to further the process of research of climate change.

This study represents the first use of the WRRSPA method to analyze the multi-scale characteristics and forecast the future values of the extreme temperature series from Beijing Reservoir and Tianjin Reservoir. This paper provides an important theoretical support for extreme temperature prediction.

The purpose of this paper is to review the use of technologies for measuring space occupancy to guide the selection of appropriate tools for workplace post-occupancy evaluation (POE) studies. The authors focus on how actual space occupancy was measured in previous studies and the pros and cons of the different technologies and tools. This paper also addresses research gaps and directions for future research.

The space occupancy measures/tools are categorized based on the three types of technologies: environmental/ambient sensors, wearable sensors/smartphones and computer vision. A total of 50 studies are reviewed to identify the capabilities and limitations of these measurements.

Based on review results, the authors propose that although sensor technology can be a useful addition to the measures/tools list, a comprehensive review of the research goal, the occupants' behavior, and the environmental settings' characteristics should be conducted beforehand. Selecting appropriate technology is critical for collecting the proper behavioral data type, with a lower level of surveillance and increased validity.

This paper urges critical thinking about existing occupancy measures/tools across various fields, to inform the adoption and creation of new building occupancy measures. The knowledge of emerging sensor technology allows researchers to better study the temporal patterns of occupant behavior over extended periods and in a wide range of settings.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a non‐uniform Chebyshev distributed low‐pass filter (LPF) with dumbbell‐shaped photonic bandgap structure (PBGs), implemented in the 50 Ω microstrip line, with improved defected ground structure.

The non‐uniform distribution of PBGs and dumbbell‐shaped DGS of PBGs have been discussed in open literatures. In this study, the influence of FF of PBGs in dumbbell‐shaped PBG is represented.

By varying filling factor (FF) of the periodic structure from 0.25 to 0.8 of the dumbbell squares can generate better rejection band than uniform dumbbell LPF. Different FF of each square can produce different band rejection range and then yields the LPF with different cutoff. By using chirp adjustment of distance between PBGs, the band rejection performance can be optimized.

It can be seen that the chirped and non‐uniform dumbbell‐shaped PBGs generate excellent bandgap performances in linearly varying period (chirped devices) than those of structures with constant period (non‐chirped or uniform devices).

The current chapter is a tentative step toward investigating the allocation of advertising budget between the internet platform and the entity platform according to the long-term and short-term achievement of advertising investment. We provide a decision-making framework on how to allocate the advertising budget to the two platforms for the best results. The integrated effect of advertising investment consists of two parts. Goodwill and customer scale reflect the long-term achievement, and sale profit represents the short-term achievement. We selected some representative feasible investment plans as decision-making units (DMUs), and calculated the values of sale profit, goodwill, and customer scale as three outputs. To determine the best advertising investment plan, we use data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to seek efficient plans, and then determine the best one from those efficient plans through preference investigation and super-efficiency technique.

It has been accepted that enhancing the satisfaction of employees, especially customer‐contact employees is important as they can significantly and positively influence customers' satisfaction. In order to improve satisfaction of customer contact employees – caddies in Chinese golf clubs, this paper explores the internal service quality of caddy managers' encounters with caddies from a dyadic perspective (the view of caddy managers and of caddies).

A qualitative multiple‐case study methodology was adopted; using critical incident interviews to collect the data. In order to make sense of the data, narrative analysis is used to interpret favourable and unfavourable stories that are related by participants and why the storytellers told the stories in such a way.

Nine dimensions were found to construct the internal service quality of caddy mangers in internal service encounters between caddies and caddy managers. They are reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, communication, consideration, fairness, recognition and flexibility.

The outcome of this research can help the management team to better manage the internal service encounters between managers and caddies in order to improve caddies' satisfaction during service encounters. It can assist Chinese golf clubs in recruiting and training caddy managers.

This research extended the service quality framework to the Chinese golf industry. There have been no previous studies conducted in this sector.