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Drawing on the “Resource- Capability – Competitive advantage” framework within Natural Resource-Based View, this study is purposed to address problems of manufacturing companies “turning into the green” issues, providing references for manufacturing companies to achieve green competitive advantage via internal motivation and identity perspectives.

This study collected survey data from 112 Chinese manufacturing listed enterprises from the Shanghai Stock Exchange, and obtained 418 questionnaires. Following an empirical design, hierarchical regression analysis and Bootstrapping analysis were applied to examine these hypotheses.

Results show that green innovation behaviors positively mediate the positive relationship between organizational environmental identity and green competitive advantage. Furthermore, slack resource not only positively moderates the interaction effect between organizational environmental identity and green product innovation behaviors, but also moderates the mediation role of green product innovation behavior in the main effect.

The study is limited to the data samples and dynamic evolution between variables. More longitudinal designs and diverse enterprise fields will be considered in future.

The findings provide guidance for manufacturing enterprises to gain green competitive advantage in green manufacturing era from identity value origins. Moreover, the results provide practical suggestions for manufacturing enterprises to enhance green innovation behaviors and integrate useful but slack resources.

The findings provide implications for manufacturing industry to increase both the awareness of organizational environmental identity and green innovation behaviors, all of which helps promote the corporate environmental responsibility.

The study breaks the limitation of the existing literature which focuses on the influence of external push factors (e.g. environmental regulation), and bring new visions in constructing green competitive advantage in green manufacturing era, not only extending the identity theory and upper echelon theory, but also enriching the current studies on green management. Also, these findings provide deeper and new insights into risks and uncertain features of green manufacturing era, analyzing how polluted manufacturing enterprises obtain green competitive advantages through the mediating role of green innovation behaviors and the moderating role of slack resource.

This study aims to develop an original framework of green organizational identity to explore the positive effects of environmental organizational culture and environmental leadership on green competitive advantage through the partial mediator – green organizational identity.

This study proposes an original concept – green organizational identity – to develop an integral framework to enhance green competitive advantage. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is applied to verify the research framework.

The results showed that environmental organizational culture and environmental leadership are positively associated with green organizational identity and green competitive advantage. Green organizational identity had a partial mediation effect on the positive relationships between two antecedents – environmental organizational culture and environmental leadership – and green competitive advantage. Companies should enhance their environmental organizational culture and environmental leadership to raise their green organizational identity and further to increase their green competitive advantage. Furthermore, this study found that environmental organizational culture, environmental leadership, green organizational identity, and green competitive advantage of medium and small enterprises (SMEs) were all significantly less than those of large enterprises in the manufacturing industry in Taiwan.

It is imperative for SMEs to enhance their environmental organizational culture and environmental leadership to strengthen their green organizational identity and further to improve their green competitive advantage.

This study applies the theory of organizational identity to propose a novel concept – green organizational identity – and develops an integral conceptual model to explore its managerial implications, antecedents, and consequence.

The authors aim to apply an “interpretive context – organizational action – outcome” framework to explore the positive effect of green organizational identity on green innovation performance. Besides, they would like to verify that both environmental commitment and environmental organizational legitimacy mediate between green organizational identity and green innovation performance.

The authors utilize a hybrid research method that includes both questionnaire data and public data to test the hypotheses to satisfy the triangulation in methodology. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to perform the empirical research.

The results show that green organizational identity would positively affect green innovation performance. Moreover, green organizational identity could positively influence green innovation performance indirectly via environmental commitment and environmental organizational legitimacy. Firms should increase their green organizational identity, environmental commitment, and environmental organizational legitimacy to enhance their green innovation performance. Furthermore, the authors find out that green organizational identity, environmental commitment, environmental organizational legitimacy, and green innovation performance of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) are lower than those of large enterprises in Taiwan.

The authors develop a research framework to explore the positive effect of green organizational identity on green innovation and explore the mediation effects of environmental commitment and environmental organizational legitimacy.

The purpose of this paper is to explore whether green innovation strategy has a positive effect on green innovation. Furthermore, this study investigates whether both green organizational identity and environmental organizational legitimacy mediate the relationship between green innovation strategy and green innovation.

This study is designed as a quantitative research using questionnaires to collect data and employing a variance-based or partial least squares structural equation modeling to test the hypotheses.

The empirical results show that green innovation strategy positively affects green innovation. This study also demonstrates that green innovation strategy positively affects green innovation indirectly via green organizational identity and environmental organizational legitimacy in manufacturing companies in Indonesia as a developing country. This study suggests that firms should develop green innovation strategy and it must be reflected as green organizational identity to get environmental organizational legitimacy, and then firms will achieve a better green innovation performance.

This study has the following limitations. First, a structural equation modeling is used as an approach to test the hypotheses and this may raise the issue of causality. Second, although examining the antecedents of green innovation, this study does not investigate its consequences. Third, the sample size used in this study is relatively small and limited to companies in the Surabaya Industrial Estate Rungkut, Indonesia. Finally, this study employs a cross-sectional survey and the data obtained are based on the Likert scales that may raise the issue of perception bias of the sampled managers.

The results of this study suggest that managers need to verify the roles of green organizational identity and environmental organizational legitimacy in their companies. In the era of environmentally conscious society, managers need to start with developing a green innovation strategy. However, managers also need to understand that having a strategy is not sufficient enough to directly enhance green innovation performance. Managers need to seek approaches on how to cultivate a strong green organizational identity and use the identity to get environmental organizational legitimacy from the stakeholders.

This research model and results provide the empirical evidence of the importance of green innovation and its antecedents, namely, a green innovation strategy, green organizational identity and environmental organizational legitimacy. When manufacturing companies in Indonesia implement this model of managing environmental issues, the society will get more benefits in terms of the reduction of environmental degradation, the availability of more green products and programs, the improvements in resource efficiencies and economic development and the enhancement of the quality of life.

A research framework exploring the mediating roles of green organizational identity and environmental organizational legitimacy on green innovation strategy–green innovation relationship is developed to provide the empirical evidence for the organizational identity theory and the organizational legitimacy theory. This study also provides practical implications for managers who are facing the environmental awareness business environment. If they want to achieve a better green innovation performance, managers should enhance their awareness in managing the antecedents of green innovation performance, namely, green innovation strategy, green organizational identity and environmental organizational legitimacy.

This study aims to investigate the role of green strategic alliances (GSAs) in fostering a green shared vision (GSVis) and green shared value (GSV) and their impact on green organizational identity (GOI) and sustainability.

The authors employed structural equation modeling to analyze data collected through a 60-item questionnaire administered in Portugal and China, allowing the authors to test their theoretical model.

The findings of the authors' study indicate that green strategic alliances have a positive influence on the development of a GSVis and GSV in both countries. This, in turn, contributes to improved sustainability and the establishment of a GOI. Furthermore, the authors' results demonstrate that these alliances enhance GSV, resulting in enhanced sustainability performance and a stronger green identity, with a notable increase in awareness of environmental and social practices.

This article is innovative as it applies organizational learning and value creation theories to gain a deeper understanding of how alliances can shape the green identity of companies and contribute to their overall sustainability.

As a result, the current study attempted to investigate the impact of green human resource (GHR) practices on long-term performance, and the path has been explained through organizational identification, which is supported by social identity theory.

To achieve the present study's primary goal, data were obtained from manufacturing businesses and analyzed using partial least square (Smart PLS) on the data of 284 Pakistani small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) registered with the small and medium-sized enterprises development authority (SMEDA).

As a result, the findings show that organizational identification explains the indirect relationship between sustainable performance and green human resource management (GHRM).

To limit the limited negative effect on the environment and society, the findings provide several suggestions for the government authorities and policymakers to adopt green practices and policies.

Green practices are essential for a company to limit its negative environmental effect. Environmental critical problems among shareholders put pressure on the firm to implement GHR practices and organizational identification with long-term success.

Green human resource management (GHRM) is a new management philosophy and pattern that applies the concept of “green” to human resource management, which plays an important role in realizing environmental goals and obtaining competitive advantage. Based on 201 effective samples from 3 manufacturing enterprises, this study investigates the relationship between GRHM, green organization identity (GOI), environmental values and organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment (OCBEs). The results show that GRHM has a significant positive impact on OCBEs, and GOI plays an intermediary role in the relationship between GRHM and OCBEs, and environmental values moderate the impact of GRHM on GOI and OCBEs. The findings have important theoretical implications for enterprises to achieve green development strategy.

This study selects three manufacturing enterprises certified by the environmental management system ISO14001, which meet the environmental protection requirements of the Chinese Government, local communities and customers. Through interviews and referring to enterprise documents, the researchers find that the enterprises have set environmental protection standards such as energy consumption, solid waste emissions, water consumption and waste recycling. The enterprises surveyed have adopted the GRHM practice, such as green training for employees, encouraging employees to participate in green activities and so on. This study collects data in two ways: on-the-spot and entrustment questionnaire distribution. In the first stage, the data of GRHM and environmental values were collected. A total of 277 questionnaires were distributed and 264 were sent back, among them 252 were valid.

GRHM has a positive impact on OCBEs. GOI mediates the influence of GRHM on the OCBEs, and environmental values moderate the effect of GRHM on organizational identity and OCBEs.

This paper investigates the effect and mechanism of GRHM in China and provides theoretical guidance for enterprises to implement green management effectively.

There is a growing need to promote and practice sustainable HRM to foster greener organizations with trained employees who have an attitude and behavior to preserve depleting resources. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of sustainable green human resource management (Green HRM) practices along with organizational identification (OI) as a mediating factor and perceived organizational support (POS) as a moderating factor.

Quantitative methodology was used, and the data were collected from 311 employees working in telecommunication organizations located in the twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad, Pakistan. Results of the study are based on the structural equation modeling technique using Smart-PLS.

Findings revealed that OI proved to be a significant positive mediator between Green HRM and organizational citizenship behaviors for the environment. POS also proved to be a significant moderator on the relationship between Green HRM and OI.

The study is limited to the two cities of Pakistan; future studies can focus on more cities so that the results can be more generalized.

This study will especially be useful for HR practitioners to develop mechanisms to initiate and encourage sustainable HR practices.

Organizations’ positive position is established through the inculcation of green activities among their employees. Thus, a sense of responsibility and attachment among employees toward green behavior makes them good citizens. It also works well for their organization as well as for the environment. Moreover, it preserves environmental resources and helps ensure sustainability.

The research paper was aimed at exploring the importance of sustainable Green HRM practices in a developing country like Pakistan.

The Chinese firms are keenly focused on reducing their environmental footprints as part of the competitive strategy. Within the context of sustainable organizations in China, we test a multilevel framework that examined the impact of environmental-specific servant leadership on the green individual (pro-environmental behavior) and team (project green performance) outcomes within projects. Using social identity theory, we theorize and test the mediating role of green self-identity (individual level) and team green identification (team level) in the relationships between environmental-specific servant leadership, pro-environmental behavior and project green performance.

We used survey questionnaires to collect multi-level and multi-wave data from 42 ongoing project-based sustainable organisations in China. The multilevel team to individual-level hypothesis were analyzed using multilevel-modeling via Mplus, while team level hypotheses were tested using ordinary least squares regression.

The multilevel regression analysis showed that environmental-specific servant leadership has a trickle-down effect of green self-identity, which subsequently predicts pro-environmental behavior. The ordinary least squares regression results demonstrated that environmental-specific servant leadership predicts project green performance via team green identification. Also, environmental-specific servant leadership has a positive and direct impact on pro-environmental behavior and project green performance.

We offer community and service dimension of leadership as a determinant of environmental performance at multiple levels. We provide managerial and policy implications to Chinese organizations striving to reposition themselves as eco-friendly organizations both nationally and globally.

The study is among the first to understand the role of environmental-specific servant leadership in predicting individual-level and team-level environment-related mediator and outcomes simultaneously.

The purpose of this study is to enrich the literature on employee relations with a new model focusing on the effect of institutional structure and that of employees’ organizational identification on the relationship between institutional structure in an organization and employees’ pro-environmental behaviors, which represents an alternative approach for understanding employees’ pro-environmental performance.

We collect multi-level and multi-source data from 52 four- or five-star hotels in China (N = 963). For data analysis, we adopt the approach of multilevel structural equation modeling.

The results suggest that organizations’ green institutional structure (G-structure) can significantly influence employees’ organizational identification, which in turn can increase their pro-environmental performance.

We propose a new multi-level theoretical perspective to explain employees’ pro-environmental behaviors. While prior studies on the issue mainly consider only the effects of such micro-level variables as ability, motivation and personality, we focus on the effect of organizational institution and its interaction with micro-level variables so that we can evaluate the effect a commonly-studied contextual variable, i.e. green institutions, on the behaviors. Moreover, in this new theoretical model, we also take into account the effect of another insufficiently-tested micro-level variable, i.e. employees’ identification, which has not been considered as frequently as other micro-level variables in studying employees’ pro-environmental performance. Our results highlight the importance of all these variables and suggest a valuable alternative model for more comprehensive research of employees’ green performance.