Search results

The purpose of this qualitative study is to compare the perceptions of employed people in Mexico and Colombia about managerial and leadership behavioural effectiveness.

A qualitative multiple cross-case and cross-nation comparative analysis of findings obtained from the two past emic replication (Mexico and Colombia) studies was conducted.

The study suggests that people within Mexican and Colombian organizations perceive “managerial and leadership behavioural effectiveness” in very similar ways. The findings support those researchers whose studies indicate that culture may not, as previously thought, play a significant role in the way managers should manage and lead their subordinates.

The authors acknowledge two main limitations related to the sample size and scope of the two compared sets of empirical source data. The number of critical incidents about perceived managerial behavioural effectiveness obtained from the two compared studies was unbalanced (318 from the Mexican study and 267 from the Colombian study). Thus, the authors suggest more indigenous replication managerial behaviour studies be carried out in both Mexico and Colombia with the objective of identifying (if possible) the existence of critical incidents that could lead to different findings. Furthermore, the authors suggest conducting replica studies focused on specific industries rather than a diverse range of organizations to test the generalizability of the findings.

The findings of the comparative study are relevant to those human resource development professionals in international companies with operations in Mexico and/or Colombia when preparing their executives for international assignments in these Latin American countries.

The comparative study attempts to generate new insights and better understanding within the context of “managerial and leadership behavioural effectiveness” research, which the authors hope will make a useful contribution to the existing small body of knowledge regarding similarities and differences in managerial practices across culturally diverse Latin American countries.

The purpose of this article is to analyze how autonomous and controlled motivations influence the formation of patronage intention (PI) of innovative green products. Additionally, the role of positive affect (PA) in these causal relationships is analyzed, as is the moderating role of social norms (SN).

Data were collected through an online self-administered questionnaire. The paper reports the results of a quantitative study based on a sample of 338 people of 24 years old or older, with different levels of education and motivations in terms of acting in favor of the environment. To ensure the reliability and validity of the constructs, an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. To test the proposed research model, the methodology of structural equations was used.

The results indicate that autonomous motivations (AMs) contribute positively to the formation of patronage intention toward innovative green products, while controlled motivations (CMs) influence negatively. Additionally, it was observed that PA fulfills a relative role in the formation of patronage intention and that SN act as moderators of these causal relationships.

These findings serve as a base for companies to identify those segments of consumers that are motivated autonomously by care for the environment and thus to design effective strategies to achieve their patronage intention.

Considering the relevance of the consumption of green products, as well as how companies can achieve the patronage intention of the consumer, this study shows a high level of originality in the sense that it analyses the role of motivations and PA in the formation of patronage intention of green products, especially when these are perceived as innovative.

El propósito de este artículo es analizar cómo las motivaciones autónomas y controladas influyen en la formación del patronage intention of innovative green products. Además, se analiza el papel que cumple el positive affect en estas relaciones causales y el rol moderador de las social norms.

Los datos se recopilaron a través de un cuestionario auto administrado en línea. La investigación reporta los resultados de un estudio cuantitativo basado en una muestra de 338 personas de 24 años o más, con diferentes niveles de educación y con diferentes motivaciones en cuanto a actuar a favor del medio ambiente. Para asegurar la confiabilidad y validez de los constructos, se utilizó un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio. Para probar el modelo de investigación propuesto se utilizó la metodología de ecuaciones estructurales.

Los resultados indican que las motivaciones autónomas contribuyen positivamente sobre la formación del patronage intention hacia innovative green products, mientras que las controladas influyen negativamente. También se observó que el positive affect cumple un rol relativo en la formación del patronage intention y que las social norms lo hacen como moderadoras de estas relaciones causales.

Estos hallazgos sirven de base para que las empresas puedan identificar a aquellos segmentos de consumidores motivados autónomamente por el cuidado del medio ambiente y diseñar estrategias efectivas para lograr su patronage intention.

Considerando la relevancia que tiene tanto el consumo de productos verdes, así como que las empresas logren el patronage intention del consumidor, el presente estudio muestra un alto nivel de originalidad, en el sentido que analiza el papel que cumplen las motivaciones y el positive affect, en la formación del patronage intention de productos verdes, especialmente cuando estos se perciben como innovadores.

The purpose of this paper is to propose a new salesperson valuation model. This paper presents a calculation method for estimating both the individual lifetime value of a salesperson and the sales force equity.

This is a conceptual paper supported by a case study.

The authors contribute to the literature by operationalizing the salesperson lifetime value concept and introducing new important aspects in comparison with previous discussions, including peer effect, recruitment/hiring cost and termination costs.

This manuscript theoretically and practically contributes to personnel value management in the organization and sales force financial control. The authors introduce peer effects, hiring/recruitment costs and termination costs, which are missing as a set in previous research. In addition, this paper offers a simple but robust model to practitioners’ use.

This study explores the effect of video assistant referee (VAR) sponsorship on spectator response and compares it with advertising and conventional sponsorship.

An experiment with 809 subjects is conducted by analyzing 20 one-minute video clip stimuli from a Premier League soccer game divided into four formats: two formats of VAR sponsorship, advertising, and conventional sponsorship.

The results show that the indicators of recall, credibility, and perceived congruence improve when the VAR sponsorship format is used.

This is the first manuscript to examine the effectiveness of a new type of sponsorship: VAR sponsorship. This manuscript provides metrics that will guide practitioners on whether to use this type of sponsorship.

The academic literature debates the desirability of sponsoring alcohol products at sporting events, a discussion that increases as major sporting events approach. This study aims to examine the influence that sponsorship of an alcoholic product such as beer has on the sports spectator, and the level of efficacy with respect to congruent, alcohol, and incongruent sponsorship.

The experiment was performed on 180 subjects considering three variables 3 × 3 × 2 (congruency type vs alcohol; sport discipline; placement). The experiment consisted of exposure to sponsored sports posters. Visual attention was recorded through eye tracking and then a self-reported questionnaire.

Through an experiment using eye tracking the results showed that the recall variable is higher among alcohol sponsorships and incongruent sponsorship, but it cannot be concluded either that the intention to buy or the attitude toward the brand differ among the sponsorships analyzed.

Alcohol brand is perceived as an incongruous brand in the context of sports sponsorship. Congruent sponsors attract more attention and recall, but no differences in terms of intention to buy. If purchase intent and consumption does not increase, perhaps sports sponsorship by alcohol brands should be reconsidered.

This research makes at least three relevant contributions to the scientific literature. (1) It examines the response to sponsorship in the media of the sports poster. (2) It analyses the consumer's response using neurophysiological means and provides new indicators in this area and (3) It compares performance indicators such as purchase intent, recall and brand attitude for alcoholic and non-alcoholic brand sponsors. These contributions could introduce new information about sponsorship performance.

Studies on customer satisfaction and loyalty have focused on brand rather than product. It is not that brand is not important, but the process of loving a brand starts with a product. Customers appreciate products by themselves, independent of the brand, as shown in their pursuit of satisfaction and development of loyalty. Such appreciation seems to be prominent regarding innovative products when compared to traditional products. This paper aims to investigate this issue and provide a product‐brand typology.

The paper takes the form of empirical research on a partial application of the typology.

Results show that the relationship satisfaction‐loyalty is significantly present when evaluating products alone albeit a weaker presence than when evaluating brand alone. Such unequal presence is corroborated in both traditional (bottled wine) and innovative (electronic) products even though it is much stronger in innovative products. The relationship satisfaction‐loyalty is also present when evaluating product and brand combined, indicating that there is an intermediate position between product and brand. In contrast, the literature treats brand and product‐brand as being in the same category thereby diminishing the importance of a useful difference between brand and product‐brand.

There are practical consequences of applying the typology and examining the findings. The relationship satisfaction‐loyalty starts with the product, includes the product‐brand, and culminates with the brand. This process is significantly more important regarding innovative products, such as electronics, as compared to traditional products such as wine.

This study introduces a typology underscoring the pursuit of satisfaction and development of loyalty in three conditions of product presence versus brand presence, that is, product alone, brand alone, and product and brand combined.

The study and measurement of image especially in the Internet banking field has become an important tool to help the management of the banks operating on the Internet to make decisions. As there are no previous scales in existence to enable the image of this type of bank to be measured, our paper is centered on developing and proposing a reliable and valid scale that enables us to measure the corporate image of a bank in the context of the Internet. The results obtained show that an Internet bank's image is a multidimensional construct composed of its reputation and security as perceived by the consumer, as well as of the services offered and access to them. These results provide a management tool to measure the Internet bank's image. Similarly, the new scale shows in detail which aspects need to be acted on in order to improve the bank's image with its clients.

The purpose of this study was to identify what Colombians perceive as effective and least effective/ineffective managerial behavior.

This study was conducted following a qualitative methodology based on the philosophical assumptions of pragmatism and the “pragmatic approach” (Morgan, 2007). The critical incident technique was used to generate data from a purposive sample of 27 managers and non-managerial employees located in Medellin and Bogota, Colombia.

The results of this study suggest that effective managers in Colombia are those who are supportive, caring, considerate, participative, understanding, communicative and flexible, and are also good problem solvers.

This study focused on the perceptions of Colombian managers and non-managerial employees only. Therefore, the description of effective and least effective/ineffective managers in Colombia could be highly value-laden from the national cultural perspective. Hence, it is recommended that further research should be carried out to explore the perceptions of international managers who have frequently interacted or worked with Colombian managers.

The results of this study have practical implications for Colombian managers and international managers who manage the Colombian workforce. For Colombian managers, this study provides insight into what is considered effective or least effective/ineffective managerial and leadership behavior. The findings provide useful information on foreign multinational corporations (MNCs) that have operations in Colombia. MNCs can use the results of this study to create effective management development models for their expatriates in Colombia.

This paper analyzes how consumers’ perceptions of their traditional bank influence their decision to adopt the services offered by the same bank on the internet. Design/methodology/approach – The data required in this paper were gathered by means of a personal survey conducted with customers of various banks totaling 633, which distribute their services by traditional channels as well as on the internet. A Binomial Logistic Regression process was analyzed to assess the influence of trust, incomes, age, sex, education and employment on the adoption of the financial services offered by a traditional bank on the internet. Findings – The results in the paper showed that consumer trust in a traditional bank, as well as incomes, age and sex are factors that influence consumers’ decision to work with the same bank via the internet. Research limitations/implications – The paper shows that, turning to the limitations of the work, it is necessary to point out that the majority of individuals who participated were Spanish speaking, so that it would also be a good idea to carry out a new validation of the model with a wider sample of consumers, particularly in terms of different nationalities. Practical implications – Throughout this paper the importance of trust in online banking adoption has been shown. The results show that there is a clear relationship between consumer trust in the traditional channel and the likelihood of using services provided by the same bank on the internet. The results of the research also show the need to target marketing actions on certain segments of the population. Originality/value – This paper offers an innovative approach, since it analyzes how consumers’ perceptions of their traditional bank influence their decision to adopt the services offered by the same bank on the internet. This analysis perspective has not been previously used in the literature.

To analyze the relationship between corporate image and consumer trust in the context of financial services distribution.

This paper analyzes the causal relationship that exists between corporate image and consumer trust in the financial services distribution through traditional channels, as well as over the internet. This paper also analyzes the moderating effect of relationship duration on the influence of the corporate image on trust.

The results obtained show that in distribution through traditional channels no significant differences exist in the intensity of the effect of the image on trust in terms of the relationship duration. Nevertheless, significant differences in the financial services distribution over the internet have been observed.

The significant influence that image exerts on consumer trust shows us that corporate image becomes a key tool for the management of trust in financial services distribution.

Despite the importance that researchers have assigned to the variables of corporate image and trust, much of the work so far is in the initial phase of development. Thus, the majority of the works have been approached from a fundamentally theoretical perspective, or else the empirical testing has been carried out in an indirect way, based on factors that form part of the image or are related to it. Because of this, today there is no research that has empirically evaluated the role played by corporate image in the levels of trust of the consumer of financial services.