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Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (CBM&As) are a significant component of foreign direct investment (FDI), which in turn is at the heart of the international business strategy of multinational enterprises (MNEs). Given that CBM&As involve both a scale and an immediacy to raising financing that greenfield investments often lack, financially constrained firms are inhibited from undertaking CBM&As. The authors go further and show that these financing constraints impact the markets where MNEs target firms for CBM&A transactions. In the presence of such financing constraints, the determination of which markets are targeted by MNEs is directly related to the supply of capital in the target market and the institutional distance between the home and host markets. Evidence in support of the hypotheses is documented using firm-level data on CBM&As from Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries as well as Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS) into every country globally for which data exist. The main implication of the research is that not only are financial constraints at the firm level important, but also that these constraints have a significant impact on the location of an acquisition target.

Ensuring adequate access to healthcare services is a priority across European countries. The EU has developed performance indicators to compare access using self-reported unmet need. Cross-country comparisons require adjustment for factors outside the health systems' control. We address two research questions to improve the comparability of unmet need for medical and dental care across the EU and the comparability of socio-economic inequalities in unmet need across the EU. First, we explore the role of risk adjustment for demographic and socio-economic factors, which are outside health systems' control, for both overall unmet need and unmet need due to affordability, waiting lists and distance. Second, we compare differences in unmet need by socio-economic status, and investigate whether different forms of risk adjustment affect such comparison. We show that adjusting for age, gender and chronic conditions reduces dispersion of unmet need for medical care across the EU. Controlling for income further reduces the dispersion, mostly due to affordability. When comparing socio-economic inequalities across countries, risk adjustment for age, gender and chronic conditions play a limited role. Socio-economic inequalities by income and education vary by reason of unmet need: the income gradient, even controlling for education, is mostly due to affordability rather than waiting list or distance. For dental care, the main reason for unmet need is affordability. Risk adjustment for age, gender, chronic conditions and education plays a limited role. The income and education gradients are more pronounced for dental than medical care.

Since the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 has dictated to the world what can be done or not. Log downs of countries, cities and businesses dominated the daily life of everybody. Especially the hospitality and tourism industry went through constant changes in rules and regulations. Tourists were not sure if they were allowed to travel or have to cancel their vacations. Hotels needed to be aware of COVID-19 registration and hygiene. In China, the Zero-COVID policies were wicked, strict and specific and should support daily businesses in the country. A specially used instrument was the variety of QR codes in place to prevent virus outbreaks and monitored tourism movements. For example, the city health QR code of each city/region in China, or the travel QR code to ensure safe travel. This chapter firstly looking into the ideas and policies behind the QR code system in China and secondly discovers through examples its efficiency. The final step is to propose a universal strategy on how QR codes and their policies can support safe and healthy hospitality and tourism recovery during the current pandemic crisis and protect tourists and the hospitality and tourism industry in future pandemic situations.

The practical need for understanding and improving team resilience has increased, and more research is needed to provide an evidence-base for guiding organizational practices and policies. In this chapter, the authors highlight what we see as critical challenges and opportunities for advancing the science of team resilience. We focus on conceptual and methodological challenges involved in conducting field-based research on team resilience, as the authors believe field-based research is a particularly critical approach for advancing the science of team resilience. The authors first provide a brief review of recent theoretical work in defining team resilience. Then the authors describe key challenges that must be managed in field studies seeking to refine and capitalize on this critical area of research to provide solutions capable of supporting individual, team, and organizational outcomes. These challenges include defining trajectories of resilient team performance, understanding the consequences of repeated episodes of team resilience, formal specifications of events precipitating resilient team performance, measuring the event appraisal and communication process, and adopting measurement methods with high temporal resolution. Finally, the authors provide directions for future research to address these gaps.

This study combines perceived knowledge, perceived psychologic risk with Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) to examine the influence on tourists' intention to choose a safe destination and willingness to pay (WTP) more for safety measures. An online survey was conducted in 2021 to approach tourists globally. After 10 weeks, we received 365 valid responses. SmartPLS software version 3.3 was applied to run structural equation modelling to test the proposed hypotheses. Research results reveal that intention to choose a safe destination mediates the relationship between perceived knowledge of COVID-19, perceived psychological risk and the WTP more for safety measures while moderating role of educational level is also addressed. In turn, perceived psychological risk mediates the relationship between perceived knowledge of COVID-19 and intention to choose a safe destination. As a result, this study implies that destination managers should take actions to promote their WTP more for safety measures.

This study examines the effect of delegation of decision rights, moral justification (MJ), and ethical climate (EC) on managers’ misreporting in the financial services sector. We employed an online research panel called Qualtrics, to collect data based on a sample of 127 middle-level managers from various US financial services firms. We find that MJ mediates the relation between delegation and misreporting, suggesting delegation of decision rights increases employees’ misreporting indirectly by increasing MJ. We also find that EC significantly moderates the relationship between MJ and misreporting. Furthermore, our test of the moderated-mediation effect reveals that the indirect effect of the delegation of decision rights on misreporting through MJ is stronger when there is a higher level of instrumental climate (IC) and a lower level of principle climate (PC).

Entrepreneurial mindsets differ in diverse cultural contexts affecting the perceptions of business opportunity as well as the strategic posture and how to network to successfully implement it. For example, many scholars have shown that risk taking and proactiveness (i.e., characteristics of the strategic posture) are affected by cultural characteristics. The aim of the chapter is to shed light on the relationship between socio-cultural practices (using the GLOBE cultural theoretical framework) and entrepreneurial behavior understanding how culture may foster or hinder the entrepreneurial mindsets. The authors discuss how certain cultural dimensions may be linked to various aspects of entrepreneurial mindsets. Furthermore, the authors make some reflections with regard to the contextual conditions shaped by cultural factors that seem to be the most appropriate to spread the Humane Entrepreneurship Model.

The system of higher education in the Russian Federation due to the high share of fundamental training is focused on ensuring the foundation of permanent stability of the graduate, while the system of additional professional education is obliged to take into account the current state of the educational services market, which is characterised by globalisation, diversification, digitalisation and international integration. Therefore, the main focus of the modern system of additional professional education of teachers is the creation of favourable organisational, content, procedural and other conditions that contribute to the professional development and creative self-realisation of teachers, taking into account their individual needs and abilities. In this section, based on the analysis of normative documents and innovative experience of professional development and retraining of education specialists, the goals and objectives, structure and content, main development trends and modern training technologies, features of the internal system of quality assessment of additional professional education of teachers in Russia are disclosed.