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The user interface, in broad terms, is the medium through which the user and the information come together. The types of searches a public access catalog (PAC) can perform are defined by the indexing strategy and retrieval software. The way the user's interest is communicated to the retrieval software and the way the results are communicated to the user is, by a more narrow definition, the interface software. Both the kinds of searches that can be performed by a variety of CD‐ROM PACs and how their workstations are used to accomplish the searches are considered.

This study aims to analyze the most effective type of emoji for deriving positive marketing results by determining whether the relationship between brand attitude, brand attachment and purchase intention is moderated by the various types of prosocial expression-based brand emojis used.

An online survey was administered to Koreans in their 20s. Starbucks brand emojis were classified into three types: static gesture, animated gesture and a combined animated gesture and displayed word. A moderated–mediation analysis was performed to verify the research hypotheses. Gender, age, region of residence, frequency of Starbucks use and Starbucks favorability were used as control variables.

Animations in emojis were shown to strengthen the marketing effect. Further, combining animated prosocial gestures and displayed words had a more positive marketing effect than merely applying animated prosocial gestures.

This study closely examined the role of verbal, in the form of colloquial words, and nonverbal aspects, in the form of emojis, in the creation of positive business outcomes. Additionally, the positive marketing effect of animated emojis is discussed from a mechanistic point of view by linking research results to those in the field of neuroscience (mirroring by mirror neurons).

With the many choices that can be built into information systems, it is possible to customize such systems for users. This customization may be based on the tasks that users are accomplishing, or on the personal characteristics of users, or a combination of these factors. An experiment is reported in which detailed logging of use of experimental information systems was used to determine the optimal configuration of the systems for each user. Tasks were varied, and the cognitive abilities of users were tested to assess one important personal characteristic. The results showed that it was possible to create an optimal configuration to match the cognitive abilities of users, but that it was more difficult to assess which configuration was the best match for specific tasks. The person‐in‐task interaction proved to be the least powerful indicator of design configurations. These results suggest that usable information systems can be created for users by careful analysis of the interaction of design features with personal characteristics such as cognitive abilities.

Lectures can be digitally recorded and replayed to provide multimedia revision material for students who attended the class and a substitute learning experience for students unable to attend. Deaf and hard of hearing people can find it difficult to follow speech through hearing alone or to take notes while they are lip‐reading or watching a sign‐language interpreter. Notetakers can only summarise what is being said while qualified sign language interpreters with a good understanding of the relevant higher education subject content are in very scarce supply. Synchronising the speech with text captions can ensure deaf students are not disadvantaged and assist all learners to search for relevant specific parts of the multimedia recording by means of the synchronised text. Real time stenography transcription is not normally available in UK higher education because of the shortage of stenographers wishing to work in universities. Captions are time consuming and expensive to create by hand and while Automatic Speech Recognition can be used to provide real time captioning directly from lecturers’ speech in classrooms it has proved difficult to obtain accuracy comparable to stenography. This paper describes the development of a system that enables editors to correct errors in the captions as they are created by Automatic Speech Recognition.

Paperback Speller is a fast, smooth‐running, easy‐to‐use package. Although its dictionaries are small compared to those of some other spelling checkers, it has unique features that make it as effective as any I have seen. Especially helpful is its ability to skip over subsequent encounters with suspect words, display possible replacement words, and quickly correct misspelled words. Also useful is the ability to flag double words, look up spellings and undo errors. Some features, such as suffix guessing and erasing letters after punctuation are not all that helpful. At the price, it is a bargain if you want a stand‐alone spelling checker.

The SilverPlatter system is a complete, stand‐alone system, consisting of an IBM (or compatible) personal computer, a CD‐ROM drive, software, and one or more databases. The search and retrieval software is logical, powerful, and simple. Very large databases, such as ERIC and PsycLIT, will soon be available on the system for “local” installation in schools, libraries, and (even) psychiatrists' offices.

For the purposes of this article, the indexing of information is interpreted as the pre‐processing of information in order to enable its retrieval. This definition thus spans a dimension extending from classification‐based approaches (pre‐co‐ordinate) to keyword searching (post‐co‐ordinate). In the first section we clarify our use of terminology, by briefly describing a framework for modelling IR systems in terms of sets of objects, relationships and functions. In the following three sections, we discuss the application of indexing functions to document collections of three specific types: (1) ‘conventional’ text databases; (2) hypertext databases; and (3) the World Wide Web, globally distributed across the Internet.

This paper aims to study research performance in halal supply chains. This study identifies the leading scholars, research themes and leading journals.

This study adopts the bibliometric method. A total of 228 research publications indexed by Scopus were analysed. The export data are then processed and analysed using the R Biblioshiny application program to find out the bibliometric map of the halal supply chain.

Research in halal supply chain has experienced fast growth since 2016, dominated by food-centric research by Malaysian universities. Research gaps are topics: halal procurement, halal clusters and halal value chain; industry: non-food; and countries: beyond Malaysia. Future expected halal supply chain trending research areas are: halal blockchains, halal supply chain management, halal performance, halal risk management and sustainability in halal supply chains.

This research paper adopts a bibliometric method based on English publications on the halal supply chain theme from the Scopus database collected on November 1, 2021. Publications in local languages, as well as publications in non-academic journals, are being ignored in this research.

This study shows that halal supply chain management is an emerging requirement, is complex to manage for brand owners and needs new concepts and tools for halal industries to embrace a halal supply chain and value chain approach.

This study provides an objective evaluation of the research progress in halal supply chains; this study highlights the achievements and the research gaps and discusses the contribution to the scientific community.

The purpose of this article is to outline possibilities for the integration of text mining and other digital humanities computing techniques into library catalogs and “discovery systems”.

The approach has been to survey existing text mining apparatus and apply this to traditional library systems.

Through this process it is found that there are many ways library interfaces can be augmented to go beyond the processes of find and get and evolve to include processes of use and understand.

To the best of the author's knowledge, this type of augmentation has yet to be suggested or implemented across libraries.

‘Thesaurus’ comes from the Greek—a storehouse or treasury. The Shorter Oxford English dictionary gives 1736 for the English usage ‘a treasury or storehouse of knowledge, as a dictionary, encyclopaedia or the like’. In 1852, Peter Mark Roget published his Thesaurus of English words and phrases: ‘a collection … arranged, not in alphabetical order as they are in a dictionary, but according to the ideas which they express… The object aimed at is, the idea being given, to find the word, or words, by which that idea may be most fitly and aptly expressed.’ All who write English have heard of this thesaurus.