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The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performances of vegetable based cutting fluids by comparing tool life, surface roughness and cutting force during end milling of AISI 304 stainless steel. In the experiments, three different vegetable based cutting fluids developed from sunflower and canola oils (SCF‐II with 8% extreme pressure (EP), CCF‐II without EP and CCF‐II with 8% EP) and a commercial type of semi‐synthetic cutting fluid were used. Cutting fluid was applied to the cutting zone via two nozzles.

Effects of different cutting speeds (100, 150 and 200 m/min) and different feed rates (0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 mm/rev) on tool life, surface roughness and cutting force in milling of AISI 304 stainless steel were investigated. Depth of cut and step over were kept constant as 0.3 mm and 10 mm at both conditions, respectively.

Results indicated that CCF‐II with 8% EP cutting fluid showed better performance than the others.

In this study, effect of extreme pressure additive on milling performance was investigated.

WHEN METALS ARE SHEARED or “cut” a compressive force of high intensity is applied to the metal by the cutting tool. The metal crystals are subjected to this force and the resulting stresses cause certain crystals to slip or flow in various directions along planes of slippage, the direction of slip normally being along planes of greatest atom density.

New environmental legislation is forcing companies to realign their use of metalworking fluids in favour of non‐polluting cutting environments that will return acceptable tool wear rates and reduced costs. Studies have been undertaken to determine the effectiveness of various environments on tool wear, in order to either reduce or even eliminate totally, the dependency on flood coolants. Industrially reproducible cutting tests were devised, where an EN32 case hardening steel material was turned in a range of different cutting environments and tool life measured. Low oxygen gaseous environments were compared with conventional cutting environments and a 55 per cent flank wear reduction has been recorded using uncoated tooling.

Cutting fluids despite playing an important role in metal cutting have considerable environmental impact. Inert gaseous metal cutting environments were investigated with the aim of removing soluble oil cutting fluids from metal cutting operations.Design/methodology/approach – Industrially reproducible cutting tests were devised, where an austenitic stainless steel and En32 low carbon steel material was milled in a range of different cutting environments. Tool life was measured for tests carried out in a number of gaseous environments and results were then compared with test results from conventional flood cutting environments.Findings – Low oxygen gaseous environments were compared with conventional cutting environments and a considerable flank wear reduction has been recorded using CVD coated tooling. Additionally flood coolant environments have been seen to promote chemical wear after the initial breakdown of coatings leading to rapid flank wear during milling of both En32 and austenitic stainless steel.Research limitations/implications – Only a limited number of work/tool material combinations have been investigated. A more detailed and exhaustive investigation is required to ascertain the scope of the improvements for a range of tool work combinations. This will assist in understanding the underlying reasoning for the tool life enhancement reported.Practical implications – All experimentation carried out is industrially reproducible. This work, therefore, proposes an environmentally clean alternative to the use of emulsified oils in metal cutting operations in order to exploit cost savings and improved operator working environments.Originality/value – Distinct operational performance improvements have been demonstrated in the form of extended tool life for metal cutting operations performed in a non‐polluting cutting environment. These findings could herald widespread advantages within the metal cutting community.

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of the cutting conditions (cutting speed, feed rate and cutting depth) on the roughness (Ra) and on the flank wear (Vb) of the steel AISI 4140.

Mixed ceramic (CC650) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) have been used to carry out straight turning tests under dry conditions.

The results indicate that PCBN is more efficient than mixed ceramic (Al2O3+TiC) used in terms of wear resistance regardless of the aggressiveness of the AISI 4140 at 50 hardness rockwell (HRC). Consequently, it is the most powerful. Surface quality attained with PCBN tool considerably compares with that of grinding. Even when the tool wear VB reached 0.3 mm, the majority of the recorded Ra values did not exceed 1 m at the various speeds tested. The correlation of tool wear Vb and surface roughness Ra established allows obtaining experimental empirical data on the cutting tool wear from measured surface roughness for practical use in industry. The values of constants and the coefficient of determination R² of this mathematical model will be calculated. Mathematical models expressing the relation between the elements of the cutting regime and technological parameters (tool life and roughness) are proposed.

Many works have been already made in the similar manner, but this study of CC650 and PCBN wear is the first. Through this study, we propose a mathematical model expressing the relation between the elements of the cutting regime, tool life and roughness.

Green machining is becoming increasingly more popular due to concern regarding the safety of the environment and human health. The important implementation of stricter Environmental Protection Agency regulations associated with the use of ample amount of coolants and lubricants has led to this study on a new green machining technology with application of water vapor as coolants and lubricants in cutting Ni‐based superalloys and titanium alloy Ti‐6Al‐4V with uncoated carbide inserts (ISO Type K10). The purpose of this paper is to show that machining technology with application of water vapour could be an economical and environmentally compatible lubrication technique for machining difficult‐cut‐materials.

In this paper, the effect of water vapor applications in machining difficult‐cut‐materials have been investigated in detail, the cutting force, the chip deformation coefficient, the rake face wear and the width of tool flank land VB have been examined and analyzed, and a new green cutting technology is researched to machining Ni base superalloys and Ti‐6Al‐4V difficult‐cut‐materials.

The cutting force of machining Ni base superalloys and Ti‐6Al‐4V was affected by direct water vapor application, being lower than dry cutting and wet machining for all machining conditions; the Λh is the smallest with applications of water vapor as coolants and lubricants compared to dry cutting, pure water and oil water emulsion conditions the tool life extended by about six times than dry cutting, about four times than oil water emulsions at low cutting speed (ν_c<100 m/min), and about two‐four times than dry cutting, about two‐three time than oil water emulsions at higher cutting speed (ν_c>100 m/min) during machining Ti‐6Al‐4V with application of water vapor direct into the cutting zone.

The green cutting technology which applies water vapor as coolants and lubricants advocates a new method for machining difficult‐cut‐materials (Ni base superalloys and Ti‐6Al‐4V) without any environment pollution and operator health problem because the cutting force and chip deformation coefficient are reduced, the tool life is extended, and the tool flank wear can be decreased with applications of water vapor as coolants and lubricants to alleviate the adhering and diffusion wear compared to wet cutting and dry cutting.

The purpose of this paper is to measure the effect of rake angle on cutting forces on the rake face of single point cutting tool with two cutting conditions. The experimental setup has been developed to measure the cutting forces. The study aims to put forward the optimum cutting condition, which improves the product quality, surface finish, productivity and tool life.

The load cell-based tool dynamometer has been developed to measure the cutting forces. The experiments have performed on the mild steel bar of hardness 60 BHN. The friction and the normal forces have measured in dry cutting condition and with rust-X cutting fluids. The cutting forces for these two cutting conditions have calculated with constant depth of cut, speed and feed with different rake angles in the range of degrees 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 and 20.

The experimental observations shows the variations of friction and normal forces with different cutting conditions and parameters. It shows the friction force on rake face increase and the normal force on the rake face decreases with increase the rake angle.

The observations has done only for mild steel of hardness 60 BHN. It can also be perform on different materials and for different cutting conditions.

The experimental setup developed in this research can be used in the manufacturing industry. It can help to decide and maintain the optimum cutting conditions.

The observations have been made on an experimental setup, which fulfills the actual working/cutting conditions as per the use in industries.

It was verified that the micro-texture in the front and back of the tool at the same time had a positive effect on improving the milling behavior and surface quality of the tool. The purpose of this study is to explore the rationality of simultaneous placement of micro-textures on the front and rear surfaces of ball-end milling cutters, analyze the influence of micro-texture parameters on tool milling behavior and workpiece surface quality, reveal its internal mechanism, and obtain the best micro-texture parameters by optimization.

First, the mechanism of micro-texture is studied based on the energy loss model. Second, the orthogonal experiment is designed to analyze the influence of micro-texture parameters on tool milling behavior and reveal its mechanism by combining simulation technology and cutting experiment. Finally, the parameters are optimized based on the artificial bee colony algorithm.

The results show that the simultaneous placement of micro-texture on the rake face and flank face of the tool has a positive effect on improving the milling behavior and surface quality of the tool. Taking milling force, tool wear and surface roughness as the evaluation criteria, the optimal parameter combination is obtained: the rake face micro-texture diameter is 50 µm, the distance from the micro-texture is 200 µm and the distance from the cutting edge is 110 µm; the diameter of the micro-textured flank is 40 µm, the distance from the micro-texture is 170 µm and the distance from the cutting edge is 130 µm.

Taking milling force, tool wear and surface roughness as the evaluation criteria, the optimal parameter combination is obtained: the rake face micro-texture diameter is 50 µm, the distance from the micro-texture is 200 µm and the distance from the cutting edge is 110 µm; the diameter of the micro-textured flank is 40 µm, the distance from the micro-texture is 170 µm and the distance from the cutting edge is 130 µm, which provides theoretical support for the further study of the micro-textured tool.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-01-2023-0022/

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of cutting fluids when end milling AISI 304 stainless steels.

Two groups of cutting tests were conducted, one with the application of a coolant (wet machining) and the other – without (dry cutting), using multilayer coated carbide inserts. The findings of tool life and tool wear mechanisms are compared.

Coolant application proves to be efficient at low‐cutting speeds. With increasing the cutting speed, the coolant effect on improving tool life becomes less significant. Built‐up edge and nose wear are the dominant failure mechanisms in dry machining, while in wet machining, the dominant mechanisms are found to be notch wear and cutting edge grooving.

This paper provides useful information for manufacturing engineers dealing with end milling of stainless steel components. It helps select beneficial cutting conditions for dry and wet end milling operations.

The purpose of this paper is to present a method for the environmental impact analysis of machine-tool cutting, which enables the detailed analysis of inventory data on resource consumption and waste emissions, as well as the quantitative evaluation of environmental impact.

The proposed environmental impact analysis method is based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. In this method, the system boundary of the cutting unit is first defined, and inventory data on energy and material consumptions are analyzed. Subsequently, through classification, five important environmental impact categories are proposed, namely, primary energy demand, global warming potential, acidification potential, eutrophication potential and photochemical ozone creation potential. Finally, the environmental impact results are obtained through characterization and normalization.

This method is applied on a case study involving a machine-tool turning unit. Results show that primary energy demand and global warming potential exert the serious environmental impact in the turning unit. Suggestions for improving the environmental performance of the machine-tool turning are proposed.

The environmental impact analysis method is applicable to different machine tools and cutting-unit processes. Moreover, it can guide and support the development of green manufacturing by machinery manufacturers.