Search results
1 – 10 of over 11000W.M.M. Huijbregts and R.G.I. Leferink
Corrosion failures due to condensing flue gases containing H2O, SO3, NOx and HCl still occur more often than might be expected. The corrosion failures can be of several types…
Abstract
Corrosion failures due to condensing flue gases containing H2O, SO3, NOx and HCl still occur more often than might be expected. The corrosion failures can be of several types: general corrosion, pitting attack and stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The chemistry of condensing gases is discussed, and some examples of corrosion in large‐scale installations are presented, including blast stoves for steel production, heat recovery steam generators, and waste incineration boilers. The use of thermal insulation inside boiler casings can result in nitrate SCC when the flue gas contains high concentrations of NOx. Nitric acid from flue gas can react with carbon steel and insulation material forming ammonium nitrate and calcium nitrate. Both materials have hygroscopic properties and are very corrosive, even above the water dewpoint of the gases.
Details
Keywords
An important section of the corrosion industry is that concerned with the installation of flooring and walls in buildings and structures liable to chemical attack and, as will be…
Abstract
An important section of the corrosion industry is that concerned with the installation of flooring and walls in buildings and structures liable to chemical attack and, as will be seen later, this covers a very wide field indeed. To the conventional materials such as silica cements, plasticised sulphur and bituminous compounds have now been added the more recently developed resinous cements and coatings, the newest of these being the epoxy and polyester resin base types. As a guide to the developments in this field we review below the products, both standard and new, of a number of firms specialising in this type of work.
Generally, of all the properties, corrosion resistance can be a prime consideration in determining whether a given alloy or metal is adequate for a proposed use. With the…
Abstract
Generally, of all the properties, corrosion resistance can be a prime consideration in determining whether a given alloy or metal is adequate for a proposed use. With the increasing ability to fabricate many alloys and metals into fibre material of extremely small diameter, a better knowledge of their chemical properties as related to their unique size becomes more essential since many of the potential applications involve exposure to corrosive environments. This article reviews the corrosion resistance of Brunsmet MF‐A1 stainless steel fibres produced by the Brunswick Corp., Chicago, Illinois.
Most of this concluding article is concerned with surveying the corrosion of lead and its alloys in acids and alkalis of all types. As a considerable proportion of the lead…
Abstract
Most of this concluding article is concerned with surveying the corrosion of lead and its alloys in acids and alkalis of all types. As a considerable proportion of the lead consumed each year by industry is used for making grids for lead‐acid batteries, special attention has also been given to corrosion problems in this field. The newer applications for lead include its use in nuclear energy plant as a shielding material, and as a reactor coolant, and the corrosion problems arising under such conditions are discussed.
Jiaxin Li, Zhiyuan Zhu, Zhiwei Li, Yonggang Zhao, Yun Lei, Xuping Su, Changjun Wu and Haoping Peng
Gallic acid is a substance that is widely found in nature. Initially, it was only used as a corrosion inhibitor to retard the rate of corrosion of metals. In recent years, with…
Abstract
Purpose
Gallic acid is a substance that is widely found in nature. Initially, it was only used as a corrosion inhibitor to retard the rate of corrosion of metals. In recent years, with intensive research by scholars, the modification of coatings containing gallic acid has become a hot topic in the field of metal protection. This study aims to summarize the various preparation methods of gallic acid and its research progress in corrosion inhibitors and coatings, as well as related studies using quantum chemical methods to assess the predicted corrosion inhibition effects and to systematically describe the prospects and current status of gallic acid applications in the field of metal corrosion inhibition and protection.
Design/methodology/approach
First, the various methods of preparation of gallic acid in industry are understood. Second, the corrosion inhibition principles and research progress of gallic acid as a metal corrosion inhibitor are presented. Then, the corrosion inhibition principles and research progress of gallic acid involved in the synthesis and modification of various rust conversion coatings, nano-coatings and organic resin coatings are described. After that, studies related to the evaluation and prediction of gallic acid corrosion inhibition on metals by quantum chemical methods are presented. Finally, new research ideas on gallic acid in the field of corrosion inhibition and protection of metals are summarized.
Findings
Gallic acid can be used as a corrosion inhibitor or coating in metal protection.
Research limitations/implications
There is a lack of research on the synergistic improvement of gallic acid and other substances.
Practical implications
The specific application of gallic acid in the field of metal protection was summarized, and the future research focus was put forward.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper systematically expounds on the research progress of gallic acid in the field of metal protection for the first time and provides new ideas and directions for future research.
Details
Keywords
Emiliana Rose Jusoh Taib, Luqman Chuah Abdullah, Min Min Aung, Mahiran Basri, Mek Zah Salleh, Sariah Saalah, Suhaini Mamat, Ching Yern Chee and Jia Li Wong
This paper aims to demonstrate the synthesis of polyesterification reaction of non-edible jatropha seed oil (JO) and acrylic acid, which leads to the production of acrylated…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to demonstrate the synthesis of polyesterification reaction of non-edible jatropha seed oil (JO) and acrylic acid, which leads to the production of acrylated epoxidised-based resin. To understand the physico-chemical characteristics when synthesis the JO-based epoxy acrylate, the effect of temperature on the reaction, concentration of acrylic acid and role of catalyst on reaction time and acid value were studied.
Design/methodology/approach
First, the double bond in JO was functionalised by epoxidation using the solvent-free performic method. The subsequent process was acrylation with acrylic acid using the base catalyst triethylamine and 4-methoxyphenol as an inhibitor respectively. The physico-chemical characteristics during the synthesis of the epoxy acrylate such as acid value was monitored and analysed. The formation of the epoxy and acrylate group was confirmed by a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.
Findings
The optimum reaction condition was achieved at a ratio of epoxidised JO to acrylic acid of 1:1.5 and the reaction temperature of 110°C. This was indicated by the acid value reduction from 86 to 15 mg KOH/g sample at 6 hours.
Practical implications
The JO-based epoxy acrylate synthesised has a potential to be used in formulations the prepolymer resin for UV curable coating applications. The JO which is from natural resources and is sustainable raw materials that possible reduce the dependency on petroleum-based coating.
Originality/value
The epoxidised jatropha seed oil epoxy acrylate was synthesised, as a new type of oligomer resin that contains a reactive acrylate group, which can be alternative to petroleum-based coating and can used further in the formulation of the radiation curable coating.
Details
Keywords
A review of the action of microbes in the corrosion process, with particular reference to the attack on concrete and underground pipe systems
Prof. Asim Kumar Roy Choudhury and Mr. Suman Mitra
Commercial natural dyes are quite costly as manufacturers are to follow multi-step extraction and purification procedures for standardisation purposes. Upon cost comparison, they…
Abstract
Commercial natural dyes are quite costly as manufacturers are to follow multi-step extraction and purification procedures for standardisation purposes. Upon cost comparison, they lose in the market to synthetic dyes. However, in the handicraft sector, reproducibility may be of lesser importance against cost. In the present study, a domestic method of dyeing silk with the aqueous extract of raw plant/tree components (flower, leave, bark and root) by using a natural mordant and alum will be described. Good dyebath exhaustion and washing and light fastness are observed for some of the natural colouring matters.
Details
Keywords
John M. Perfect, W.J. Campbell, J.W. Cuthbertson, J.C. Bailey, A.W. Brace, J.M. Kape, C.E. Michelson, H. Ginsberg, W. Kaden, J.G. Simmons, B.A. Scott, H.M. Bigford, H. Richaud, Capt. J. Fox‐Williams and H.L. Watts
The Conference on Anodised Aluminium, organised by the Aluminium Development Association and held in the new Cripps Hall at Nottingham University from September 12–14, was…
Abstract
The Conference on Anodised Aluminium, organised by the Aluminium Development Association and held in the new Cripps Hall at Nottingham University from September 12–14, was probably the first of its kind in the world and attracted nearly 300 delegates. Eighteen papers were discussed. In the following pages abstracts and conclusions from most of the papers are given, emphasis being placed on the corrosion aspects of the subject.
Ruben Suarez-Hernandez, Jose G. Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Gloria F. Dominguez-Patiño and Alberto Martinez-Villafañe
The purpose of this investigation is to study the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel (CS) using a “green” inhibitor, Opuntia ficus-indica, in an aerated, 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this investigation is to study the corrosion inhibition of carbon steel (CS) using a “green” inhibitor, Opuntia ficus-indica, in an aerated, 0.5 M H2SO4 solution at different concentrations and temperatures.
Design/methodology/approach
Weight loss determinations, surface studies, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization were applied during the investigation.
Findings
It was observed that Opuntia ficus-indica extract can decrease the corrosion rate of CS, and its efficiency increases with increasing concentration up to 1,000 ppm and with time, but decreases with increasing the temperature from 25 to 600C. The inhibitory activity is due to the presence of phenolic compounds in its chemical structure.
Research limitations/implications
The work was done under static conditions, whereas in acid cleaning conditions, there is a dynamic system. However, the findings may apply to both the systems.
Practical implications
CS is used in acidic environments in the acid cleaning industry.
Social implications
Results of this work show that it is possible to reduce the cost of repair of equipment and the environmental impact of corrosion.
Originality/value
There are very few investigations on the study of Opuntia ficus-indica leaf extract as a green inhibitor in an acidic environment.
Details