Prelims

Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges

ISBN: 978-1-83753-981-9, eISBN: 978-1-83753-980-2

Publication date: 7 October 2024

Citation

(2024), "Prelims", Vinodan, A., Mahalakshmi, S. and Rameshkumar, S. (Ed.) Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xviii. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-980-220241022

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2024 A. Vinodan, S. Mahalakshmi, and S. Rameshkumar


Half Title Page

Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals

Title Page

Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges

EDITED BY

A. VINODAN

Central University of Tamil Nadu, India

S. MAHALAKSHMI

Central University of Tamil Nadu, India

AND

S. RAMESHKUMAR

Central University of Punjab, India

United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China

Copyright Page

Emerald Publishing Limited

Emerald Publishing, Floor 5, Northspring, 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds LS1 4DL.

First edition 2024

Editorial matter and selection © 2024 A. Vinodan, S. Mahalakshmi, and S. Rameshkumar

Individual chapters © 2024 The authors.

Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.

Reprints and permissions service

Contact: www.copyright.com

No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a licence permitting restricted copying issued in the UK by The Copyright Licensing Agency and in the USA by The Copyright Clearance Center. Any opinions expressed in the chapters are those of the authors. Whilst Emerald makes every effort to ensure the quality and accuracy of its content, Emerald makes no representation implied or otherwise, as to the chapters’ suitability and application and disclaims any warranties, express or implied, to their use.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 978-1-83753-981-9 (Print)

ISBN: 978-1-83753-980-2 (Online)

ISBN: 978-1-83753-982-6 (Epub)

Contents

List of Acronyms ix
List of Contributors xv
Preface xvii
Ideas
Chapter 1. A Conceptual Framework for Managing Public Services Delivered by Environmental Enterprises in Informal Settlements
Yewande Adewunmi, Prisca Simbanegavi and Malcolm Weaich 3
Chapter 2. Digital Transformation and Implications for the Informal Sector of Ghana
Anthony Acquah, Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng and James Kwame Mensah 29
Chapter 3. How Do the Socio-economic Characteristics of Migrant Workers Shape Their Financial Behaviour?
Rameshkumar Subramanian, T. P. Arjun and Ashique Ali K. A. 53
Chapter 4. Mapping the Invisible Pathways: A Bibliometric Study on Informal Lending in the Informal Economy
R. Ganesh and G. Naresh 67
Chapter 5. Industry 4.0, AI and Textile Sector in India
Manas Ranjan Bhowmik and Shantanu Baidya 81
Chapter 6. Persisting Industrial Concentration and Signs of Industrial Dispersion: Evidence from Formal and Informal Manufacturing Sector
Renjith Ramachandran 99
Chapter 7. Foreign Capital Inflow, Product Market Imperfection and the Informal Sector: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Sushobhan Mahata, Rohan Kanti Khan, Soumyajit Mandal and Avishek Bose 127
Interventions
Chapter 8. Food Security in the Informal Sector: Interventions and Challenges for the SDGs
Bita Afsharinia and Anjula Gurtoo 157
Chapter 9. The Role of Self-help Groups in Financial Inclusion in India
Debolina Saha and Razdan Alam 183
Chapter 10. Waste Management Practices in the Informal Settlement: Functionality of Local Assemblies
Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng, James Kwame Mensah and Anthony Acquah 203
Chapter 11. Inclusivity and Climate Action: City and Informal Waste Actors Collaboration in Accra
James Kwame Mensah and Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng 225
Chapter 12. Strengthening Sustainable Rural Development Through Entrepreneurship: An Indian Perspective
Kalpana Rajsinghot, Shashi Bala and Puja Singhal 239
Challenges
Chapter 13. Flexibility, Vulnerability, and Inclusiveness in the Gig Economy: A Review of India’s Experience in the Context of Informalisation
K. Jafar, Unnimaya U. G. and Umanath Malaiarasan 259
Chapter 14. Reconnoitring Vulnerabilities of Migrant Women Workers in the Urban Informal Labour Market
Nomita P. Kumar and Achala Srivastava 273
Chapter 15. Informal Employment, Gender Patterns and Policies in MENA Countries
Philippe Adair, Shireen AlAzzawi and Vladimir Hlasny 297
Chapter 16. Employment Status of Women in the Power Loom Sector: A Case Study of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
Nandani Yadav and Priyabrata Sahoo 317
Chapter 17. Identifying Wage Inequality in Indian Urban Informal Labour Market: A Gender Perspective
Shiba Shankar Pattayat and Sumit Haluwalia 335
Chapter 18. Gender Disparity in the Informal Sector Employment in India
B. S. Sumalatha and V. P. Nirmal Roy 359
Chapter 19. Challenges of Women Workers in the Solid Waste Management Sector of Kerala: On the Path to Formalization
Fathima Sherin Ottakkam Thodukayil, Rahana Salahudeen Raseena, Udhayakumar Palaniswamy and Sigamani Panneer 373
Index 399

List of Acronyms

ABA Alexandria Business Association
AI Artificial Intelligence
ALMPs Active Labour Market Policies
ARD American Research and Development
CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate
CAPMAS Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics
CBFM Community-Based Facilities Management
CDI Cluster Development Initiative
CKCL Clean Kerala Company Limited
CWS Current Weekly Status
DAY-NRLM Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission
DCYT Decentralized Cotton Yarn Trust
DGT Directorate General of Training
DMEs Directory Manufacturing Establishment
DSD Department of Social Development
EGDI E-Government Development Index
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPR Extended Producer Responsibility
ERF Economic Research Forum
FCS Food Consumption Score
FII Financial Inclusion Index
FTP First Telecommunications Project
GARID Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Development
GATC German Agency for Technical Cooperation
GB Grameen Bank
GCSCA Ghana Cooperative “Susu” Collectors Association
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GEAR Ghana Environmental Assessment Regulations
GIFEC Ghana Investment Fund for Electronic Communications
GIS Geographic Information Systems
GIZ Deutsche Gesellschaft Fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit
GVA Gross Value Added
HDI Human Development Index
ICDS Integrated Child Development Services
ICLS International Conference of Labor Statisticians
ICT Information, Communication and Technology
ICT4AD ICT For Accelerated Development
IFMEC International Facility Management Expert Centre
IHDS India Human Development Survey
IIA Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives
IIPA Indian Institute of Public Administration
ILO International Labour Organization
IMF International Monetary Fund
IS Information System
ITC Industrial Training Centres
ITI Industrial Training Institutes
IWA Informal Waste Actors
JLG Joint Liability Group
JSS Jan Shikshan Sansthan
LFPR Labour Force Participation Rate
LFS Labour Force Surveys
LGS Local Government Service
LMPS Labour Market Panel Surveys
M&E Monitoring and Evaluating
MCF Material Collection Facilities
MDAs Ministries, Departments, and Agencies
MDG Millennium Development Goals
MDM Mid-Day Meal Scheme
MENA Middle East and North African
MEUs Micro Enterprise Units
MFIs Microfinance Institutions
MGNCRE Mahatma Gandhi National Council of Rural Education
MLGDRD Ministry of Local Government, Decentralization, and Rural Development
MLR Multiple Linear Regression
MMDAs Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies
MoC Ministry of Communications
MOSPI Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
MoT Ministry of Textile
MSDE Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
MSEs Micro and Small Businesses
NABARD National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
NAPS National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme
NCAER National Council of Applied Economic Research
NCEUS National Commission for Enterprises in The Unorganised Sector
NCF National Curriculum Framework
NCO National Classification Occupation
NDC National Development Commission
NDMEs Non-Directory Manufacturing Establishments
NEP National Education Policy
NIC National Industry Classification
NIESBUD National Institute of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development
NIFT National Institute of Fashion Technology
NIRDPR National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj
NPA Non-Performing Assets
NRFIP National Rural Financial Inclusion Plan
NRLM National Rural Livelihoods Mission
NRO National Resource Organization
NSFI National Strategy for Financial Inclusion
NSSO National Sample Survey Office
OBC Other Backward Caste
OCYF Operation Clean Your Frontage
OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
OJT On Job Training
OMEs Own Account Manufacturing Enterprises
P&T Posts and Telecommunications
PDS Public Distribution System
PLFS Periodic Labour Force Survey
PMGKAY Pradhan Mantrigaribkalyan Anna Yojana
PMJDY Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana
PMKY Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana
PMO Prime Minister’s Office
PNSDP Per Capita Net State Domestic Product
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
PSI Private Sector Initiative
PSIRU Public Services International Research Unit
RC Rural Cooperatives
RCC Regional Coordinating Council
RDESE Regional Directorates of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
RIDF Rural Infrastructure Development Fund
RSETIs Rural Self Employment Training Institutes
SC Scheduled Caste
SCBFM Sustainable Community-Based Facilities Management
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SEDGs Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups
SEM Structural Equation Modelling
SHG Self-Help Groups
SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences
SRLMs State Rural Livelihoods Missions
SSA Sub-Saharan Africa
SSI Social and Sustainable Institutions
STP Second Telecommunications Project
SVEP Start-Up Village Entrepreneurship Programme
SWM Solid Waste Management
SWTS School-to-Work Transition Survey
TDGW Tethered On-Demand Gig Workers
UN United Nations
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNSD United Nations Statistics Division
UNTFHS United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security
UR Unemployment Rate
USSD Unstructured Supplementary Service Data
VVGNLI V.V. Giri National Labour Institute
WAAPP West African Agriculture Productivity Programme
WBES World Bank Enterprise Surveys
WCED World Commission on Environment and Development
WEDP Women’s Entrepreneurship Development Programmes
WHO World Health Organization
WMD Waste Management Department
WFPR Workforce Participation Rate

List of Contributors

Anthony Acquah Bluecrest University College, Ghana
Philippe Adair University Paris-Est Créteil, France
Yewande Adewunmi University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Bita Afsharinia Indian Institute of Science, India
Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng University of Professional Studies, Ghana
Razdan Alam Rabindra Bharati University, India
Shireen AlAzzawi Santa Clara University, USA
T. P. Arjun Central University of Tamil Nadu, India
Ashique Ali K. A. Central University of Tamil Nadu, India
Shantanu Baidya Jadavpur University, India
Shashi Bala VV Giri National Labour Institute, India
Manas Ranjan Bhowmik Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, India
Avishek Bose University of Calcutta, India
Ganesh R. St. Mary’s College, India
Anjula Gurtoo Indian Institute of Science, India
Sumit Haluwalia CHRIST (Deemed to be University), India
Vladimir Hlasny Ewha Womans University, Korea
K. Jafar MIDS Chennai, India
Rohan Kanti Khan Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, India
Nomita P. Kumar Giri Institute of Development Studies, India
Sushobhan Mahata University of Calcutta, India
Soumyajit Mandal St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), India
Umanath Malaiarasan MIDS Chennai, India
James Kwame Mensah University of Ghana Business School, Ghana
Naresh G. Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli, India
Sigamani Panneer Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
Shiba Shankar Pattayat CHRIST (Deemed to be University), India
Kalpana Rajsinghot Ministry of Communication, India
Renjith Ramachandran Indian Institute of Management Ranchi, India
Rahana Salahudeen Raseena Central University of Tamil Nadu, India
V. P. Nirmal Roy Gulati Institute of Finance and Taxation, India
Debolina Saha Rabindra Bharati University, India
Priyabrata Sahoo Banaras Hindu University, India
Prisca Simbanegavi University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa
Puja Singhal NCSL-National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, India
Rameshkumar Subramanian Central University of Punjab, India
B. S. Sumalatha Gulati Institute of Finance and Taxation, India
Achala Srivastava Giri Institute of Development Studies, India
Fathima Sherin Ottakkam Thodukayil Central University of Tamil Nadu, India
P. Udhayakumar Central University of Tamil Nadu, India
U. G. Unnimaya MIDS Chennai, India
Malcolm Weaich University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
Nandani Yadav Banaras Hindu University, India

Preface

In the vast landscape of global economic systems, the informal economy is a vibrant yet often overlooked realm, teeming with resilience, innovation, and dynamism. Within this intricate tapestry of informal transactions, unregistered enterprises, and marginalised labour forces, we find both profound challenges and immense opportunities for sustainable development. As editors of Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges, it is our privilege to present a collection of scholarly contributions that delve deep into the heart of this complex domain, shedding light on its multifaceted dimensions and its critical role in the pursuit of sustainable development goals (SDGs).

The chapters within this volume represent diverse perspectives, methodologies, and empirical insights, offering a comprehensive exploration of the informal economy’s intersections with key themes such as food security, financial inclusion, digital transformation, waste management, gender disparities, and rural entrepreneurship. Through empirical studies, theoretical frameworks, and policy analyses, our contributors navigate the labyrinthine complexities of informal economies, presenting innovative ideas, effective interventions, and pressing challenges that demand our attention and action.

The journey begins with exploring the invisible pathways of informal lending, a bibliometric study that unveils the intricate networks and dynamics underpinning informal financial transactions. From there, we embark on a journey across continents, examining the digital transformation of economies and its implications for the informal sector, from the bustling streets of Ghana to the vibrant textile sectors of India. Along the way, we encounter the resilience and vulnerabilities of migrant women workers, the persistent challenges of industrial concentration, and the impacts of foreign capital inflows on informal economies, offering nuanced analyses that deepen our understanding of these complex phenomena.

As we delve deeper into the book, we encounter chapters that present interventions aimed at addressing the myriad challenges faced by informal economies. From initiatives to enhance food security and financial inclusion to collaborations for climate action and waste management, our contributors offer practical strategies and innovative approaches to empower informal workers and enhance their socio-economic well-being. Through case studies, policy analyses, and stakeholder collaborations, these interventions provide a roadmap for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers striving to foster inclusive and sustainable growth in diverse socio-economic contexts.

However, amidst the wealth of ideas and interventions, we must recognise the stark realities and pressing challenges confronting informal economies and the communities they support. From the gig economy’s impact on labour rights to the gender disparities that pervade informal employment, our contributors highlight the persistent inequalities and structural barriers that hinder the realisation of SDGs. They challenge us to confront these injustices and advocate for meaningful change through rigorous research and critical analysis, offering insights and perspectives that inspire action and transformation.

As editors, we are deeply grateful to our esteemed contributors for their scholarly rigour, intellectual curiosity, and unwavering commitment to advancing knowledge and promoting social change. Their collective efforts have enriched this volume with invaluable insights, innovative ideas, and practical solutions that have the power to shape policy, inform practice, and inspire future research in the fields of informal economy and sustainable development.

In conclusion, Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges is more than just a book; it is a testament to the resilience, ingenuity, and potential of informal economies to contribute to a more just, equitable, and sustainable world. We hope readers find inspiration, knowledge, and motivation within these pages to join us on this journey towards a future where informal workers are empowered, and communities thrive. Sustainable development has become a reality for all.

Thank you for embarking on this journey with us.

Sincerely,

A. Vinodan

S. Mahalakshmi

S. Rameshkumar

Prelims
Ideas
Chapter 1: A Conceptual Framework for Managing Public Services Delivered by Environmental Enterprises in Informal Settlements
Chapter 2: Digital Transformation and Implications for the Informal Sector of Ghana
Chapter 3: How Do the Socio-economic Characteristics of Migrant Workers Shape Their Financial Behaviour?
Chapter 4: Mapping the Invisible Pathways: A Bibliometric Study on Informal Lending in the Informal Economy
Chapter 5: Industry 4.0, AI and Textile Sector in India
Chapter 6: Persisting Industrial Concentration and Signs of Industrial Dispersion: Evidence from Formal and Informal Manufacturing Sector
Chapter 7: Foreign Capital Inflow, Product Market Imperfection, and the Informal Sector: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Interventions
Chapter 8: Food Security in the Informal Sector: Interventions and Challenges for the SDGs
Chapter 9: The Role of Self-help Groups in Financial Inclusion in India
Chapter 10: Waste Management Practices in the Informal Settlement: Functionality of Local Assemblies
Chapter 11: Inclusivity and Climate Action: City and Informal Waste Actors Collaboration in Accra
Chapter 12: Strengthening Sustainable Rural Development Through Entrepreneurship: An Indian Perspective
Challenges
Chapter 13: Flexibility, Vulnerability, and Inclusiveness in the Gig Economy: A Review of India's Experience in the Context of Informalisation
Chapter 14: Reconnoitring Vulnerabilities of Migrant Women Workers in the Urban Informal Labour Market
Chapter 15: Informal Employment, Gender Patterns and Policies in MENA Countries
Chapter 16: Employment Status of Women in the Power Loom Sector: A Case Study of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
Chapter 17: Identifying Wage Inequality in Indian Urban Informal Labour Market: A Gender Perspective
Chapter 18: Gender Disparity in the Informal Sector Employment in India
Chapter 19: Challenges of Women Workers in the Solid Waste Management Sector of Kerala: On the Path to Formalization
Index