Prelims
Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges
ISBN: 978-1-83753-981-9, eISBN: 978-1-83753-980-2
Publication date: 7 October 2024
Citation
(2024), "Prelims", Vinodan, A., Mahalakshmi, S. and Rameshkumar, S. (Ed.) Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. i-xviii. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83753-980-220241022
Publisher
:Emerald Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2024 A. Vinodan, S. Mahalakshmi, and S. Rameshkumar
Half Title Page
Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals
Title Page
Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges
EDITED BY
A. VINODAN
Central University of Tamil Nadu, India
S. MAHALAKSHMI
Central University of Tamil Nadu, India
AND
S. RAMESHKUMAR
Central University of Punjab, India
United Kingdom – North America – Japan – India – Malaysia – China
Copyright Page
Emerald Publishing Limited
Emerald Publishing, Floor 5, Northspring, 21-23 Wellington Street, Leeds LS1 4DL.
First edition 2024
Editorial matter and selection © 2024 A. Vinodan, S. Mahalakshmi, and S. Rameshkumar
Individual chapters © 2024 The authors.
Published under exclusive licence by Emerald Publishing Limited.
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British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN: 978-1-83753-981-9 (Print)
ISBN: 978-1-83753-980-2 (Online)
ISBN: 978-1-83753-982-6 (Epub)
Contents
List of Acronyms | ix |
List of Contributors | xv |
Preface | xvii |
Ideas | |
Chapter 1. A Conceptual Framework for Managing Public Services Delivered by Environmental Enterprises in Informal Settlements | |
Yewande Adewunmi, Prisca Simbanegavi and Malcolm Weaich | 3 |
Chapter 2. Digital Transformation and Implications for the Informal Sector of Ghana | |
Anthony Acquah, Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng and James Kwame Mensah | 29 |
Chapter 3. How Do the Socio-economic Characteristics of Migrant Workers Shape Their Financial Behaviour? | |
Rameshkumar Subramanian, T. P. Arjun and Ashique Ali K. A. | 53 |
Chapter 4. Mapping the Invisible Pathways: A Bibliometric Study on Informal Lending in the Informal Economy | |
R. Ganesh and G. Naresh | 67 |
Chapter 5. Industry 4.0, AI and Textile Sector in India | |
Manas Ranjan Bhowmik and Shantanu Baidya | 81 |
Chapter 6. Persisting Industrial Concentration and Signs of Industrial Dispersion: Evidence from Formal and Informal Manufacturing Sector | |
Renjith Ramachandran | 99 |
Chapter 7. Foreign Capital Inflow, Product Market Imperfection and the Informal Sector: A General Equilibrium Analysis | |
Sushobhan Mahata, Rohan Kanti Khan, Soumyajit Mandal and Avishek Bose | 127 |
Interventions | |
Chapter 8. Food Security in the Informal Sector: Interventions and Challenges for the SDGs | |
Bita Afsharinia and Anjula Gurtoo | 157 |
Chapter 9. The Role of Self-help Groups in Financial Inclusion in India | |
Debolina Saha and Razdan Alam | 183 |
Chapter 10. Waste Management Practices in the Informal Settlement: Functionality of Local Assemblies | |
Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng, James Kwame Mensah and Anthony Acquah | 203 |
Chapter 11. Inclusivity and Climate Action: City and Informal Waste Actors Collaboration in Accra | |
James Kwame Mensah and Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng | 225 |
Chapter 12. Strengthening Sustainable Rural Development Through Entrepreneurship: An Indian Perspective | |
Kalpana Rajsinghot, Shashi Bala and Puja Singhal | 239 |
Challenges | |
Chapter 13. Flexibility, Vulnerability, and Inclusiveness in the Gig Economy: A Review of India’s Experience in the Context of Informalisation | |
K. Jafar, Unnimaya U. G. and Umanath Malaiarasan | 259 |
Chapter 14. Reconnoitring Vulnerabilities of Migrant Women Workers in the Urban Informal Labour Market | |
Nomita P. Kumar and Achala Srivastava | 273 |
Chapter 15. Informal Employment, Gender Patterns and Policies in MENA Countries | |
Philippe Adair, Shireen AlAzzawi and Vladimir Hlasny | 297 |
Chapter 16. Employment Status of Women in the Power Loom Sector: A Case Study of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh | |
Nandani Yadav and Priyabrata Sahoo | 317 |
Chapter 17. Identifying Wage Inequality in Indian Urban Informal Labour Market: A Gender Perspective | |
Shiba Shankar Pattayat and Sumit Haluwalia | 335 |
Chapter 18. Gender Disparity in the Informal Sector Employment in India | |
B. S. Sumalatha and V. P. Nirmal Roy | 359 |
Chapter 19. Challenges of Women Workers in the Solid Waste Management Sector of Kerala: On the Path to Formalization | |
Fathima Sherin Ottakkam Thodukayil, Rahana Salahudeen Raseena, Udhayakumar Palaniswamy and Sigamani Panneer | 373 |
Index | 399 |
List of Acronyms
ABA | Alexandria Business Association |
AI | Artificial Intelligence |
ALMPs | Active Labour Market Policies |
ARD | American Research and Development |
CAGR | Compound Annual Growth Rate |
CAPMAS | Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics |
CBFM | Community-Based Facilities Management |
CDI | Cluster Development Initiative |
CKCL | Clean Kerala Company Limited |
CWS | Current Weekly Status |
DAY-NRLM | Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission |
DCYT | Decentralized Cotton Yarn Trust |
DGT | Directorate General of Training |
DMEs | Directory Manufacturing Establishment |
DSD | Department of Social Development |
EGDI | E-Government Development Index |
EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
EPR | Extended Producer Responsibility |
ERF | Economic Research Forum |
FCS | Food Consumption Score |
FII | Financial Inclusion Index |
FTP | First Telecommunications Project |
GARID | Greater Accra Resilient and Integrated Development |
GATC | German Agency for Technical Cooperation |
GB | Grameen Bank |
GCSCA | Ghana Cooperative “Susu” Collectors Association |
GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
GEAR | Ghana Environmental Assessment Regulations |
GIFEC | Ghana Investment Fund for Electronic Communications |
GIS | Geographic Information Systems |
GIZ | Deutsche Gesellschaft Fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit |
GVA | Gross Value Added |
HDI | Human Development Index |
ICDS | Integrated Child Development Services |
ICLS | International Conference of Labor Statisticians |
ICT | Information, Communication and Technology |
ICT4AD | ICT For Accelerated Development |
IFMEC | International Facility Management Expert Centre |
IHDS | India Human Development Survey |
IIA | Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives |
IIPA | Indian Institute of Public Administration |
ILO | International Labour Organization |
IMF | International Monetary Fund |
IS | Information System |
ITC | Industrial Training Centres |
ITI | Industrial Training Institutes |
IWA | Informal Waste Actors |
JLG | Joint Liability Group |
JSS | Jan Shikshan Sansthan |
LFPR | Labour Force Participation Rate |
LFS | Labour Force Surveys |
LGS | Local Government Service |
LMPS | Labour Market Panel Surveys |
M&E | Monitoring and Evaluating |
MCF | Material Collection Facilities |
MDAs | Ministries, Departments, and Agencies |
MDG | Millennium Development Goals |
MDM | Mid-Day Meal Scheme |
MENA | Middle East and North African |
MEUs | Micro Enterprise Units |
MFIs | Microfinance Institutions |
MGNCRE | Mahatma Gandhi National Council of Rural Education |
MLGDRD | Ministry of Local Government, Decentralization, and Rural Development |
MLR | Multiple Linear Regression |
MMDAs | Metropolitan, Municipal, and District Assemblies |
MoC | Ministry of Communications |
MOSPI | Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation |
MoT | Ministry of Textile |
MSDE | Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship |
MSEs | Micro and Small Businesses |
NABARD | National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development |
NAPS | National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme |
NCAER | National Council of Applied Economic Research |
NCEUS | National Commission for Enterprises in The Unorganised Sector |
NCF | National Curriculum Framework |
NCO | National Classification Occupation |
NDC | National Development Commission |
NDMEs | Non-Directory Manufacturing Establishments |
NEP | National Education Policy |
NIC | National Industry Classification |
NIESBUD | National Institute of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Development |
NIFT | National Institute of Fashion Technology |
NIRDPR | National Institute of Rural Development and Panchayati Raj |
NPA | Non-Performing Assets |
NRFIP | National Rural Financial Inclusion Plan |
NRLM | National Rural Livelihoods Mission |
NRO | National Resource Organization |
NSFI | National Strategy for Financial Inclusion |
NSSO | National Sample Survey Office |
OBC | Other Backward Caste |
OCYF | Operation Clean Your Frontage |
OECD | Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development |
OJT | On Job Training |
OMEs | Own Account Manufacturing Enterprises |
P&T | Posts and Telecommunications |
PDS | Public Distribution System |
PLFS | Periodic Labour Force Survey |
PMGKAY | Pradhan Mantrigaribkalyan Anna Yojana |
PMJDY | Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana |
PMKY | Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana |
PMO | Prime Minister’s Office |
PNSDP | Per Capita Net State Domestic Product |
PPE | Personal Protective Equipment |
PSI | Private Sector Initiative |
PSIRU | Public Services International Research Unit |
RC | Rural Cooperatives |
RCC | Regional Coordinating Council |
RDESE | Regional Directorates of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship |
RIDF | Rural Infrastructure Development Fund |
RSETIs | Rural Self Employment Training Institutes |
SC | Scheduled Caste |
SCBFM | Sustainable Community-Based Facilities Management |
SDGs | Sustainable Development Goals |
SEDGs | Socially and Economically Disadvantaged Groups |
SEM | Structural Equation Modelling |
SHG | Self-Help Groups |
SPSS | Statistical Package for Social Sciences |
SRLMs | State Rural Livelihoods Missions |
SSA | Sub-Saharan Africa |
SSI | Social and Sustainable Institutions |
STP | Second Telecommunications Project |
SVEP | Start-Up Village Entrepreneurship Programme |
SWM | Solid Waste Management |
SWTS | School-to-Work Transition Survey |
TDGW | Tethered On-Demand Gig Workers |
UN | United Nations |
UNDP | United Nations Development Programme |
UNEP | United Nations Environment Programme |
UNSD | United Nations Statistics Division |
UNTFHS | United Nations Trust Fund for Human Security |
UR | Unemployment Rate |
USSD | Unstructured Supplementary Service Data |
VVGNLI | V.V. Giri National Labour Institute |
WAAPP | West African Agriculture Productivity Programme |
WBES | World Bank Enterprise Surveys |
WCED | World Commission on Environment and Development |
WEDP | Women’s Entrepreneurship Development Programmes |
WHO | World Health Organization |
WMD | Waste Management Department |
WFPR | Workforce Participation Rate |
List of Contributors
Anthony Acquah | Bluecrest University College, Ghana |
Philippe Adair | University Paris-Est Créteil, France |
Yewande Adewunmi | University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa |
Bita Afsharinia | Indian Institute of Science, India |
Anthony Nkrumah Agyabeng | University of Professional Studies, Ghana |
Razdan Alam | Rabindra Bharati University, India |
Shireen AlAzzawi | Santa Clara University, USA |
T. P. Arjun | Central University of Tamil Nadu, India |
Ashique Ali K. A. | Central University of Tamil Nadu, India |
Shantanu Baidya | Jadavpur University, India |
Shashi Bala | VV Giri National Labour Institute, India |
Manas Ranjan Bhowmik | Ramakrishna Mission Vidyamandira, India |
Avishek Bose | University of Calcutta, India |
Ganesh R. | St. Mary’s College, India |
Anjula Gurtoo | Indian Institute of Science, India |
Sumit Haluwalia | CHRIST (Deemed to be University), India |
Vladimir Hlasny | Ewha Womans University, Korea |
K. Jafar | MIDS Chennai, India |
Rohan Kanti Khan | Maulana Abul Kalam Azad University of Technology, India |
Nomita P. Kumar | Giri Institute of Development Studies, India |
Sushobhan Mahata | University of Calcutta, India |
Soumyajit Mandal | St. Xavier’s College (Autonomous), India |
Umanath Malaiarasan | MIDS Chennai, India |
James Kwame Mensah | University of Ghana Business School, Ghana |
Naresh G. | Indian Institute of Management Tiruchirappalli, India |
Sigamani Panneer | Jawaharlal Nehru University, India |
Shiba Shankar Pattayat | CHRIST (Deemed to be University), India |
Kalpana Rajsinghot | Ministry of Communication, India |
Renjith Ramachandran | Indian Institute of Management Ranchi, India |
Rahana Salahudeen Raseena | Central University of Tamil Nadu, India |
V. P. Nirmal Roy | Gulati Institute of Finance and Taxation, India |
Debolina Saha | Rabindra Bharati University, India |
Priyabrata Sahoo | Banaras Hindu University, India |
Prisca Simbanegavi | University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg, South Africa |
Puja Singhal | NCSL-National Institute of Educational Planning and Administration, India |
Rameshkumar Subramanian | Central University of Punjab, India |
B. S. Sumalatha | Gulati Institute of Finance and Taxation, India |
Achala Srivastava | Giri Institute of Development Studies, India |
Fathima Sherin Ottakkam Thodukayil | Central University of Tamil Nadu, India |
P. Udhayakumar | Central University of Tamil Nadu, India |
U. G. Unnimaya | MIDS Chennai, India |
Malcolm Weaich | University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa |
Nandani Yadav | Banaras Hindu University, India |
Preface
In the vast landscape of global economic systems, the informal economy is a vibrant yet often overlooked realm, teeming with resilience, innovation, and dynamism. Within this intricate tapestry of informal transactions, unregistered enterprises, and marginalised labour forces, we find both profound challenges and immense opportunities for sustainable development. As editors of Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges, it is our privilege to present a collection of scholarly contributions that delve deep into the heart of this complex domain, shedding light on its multifaceted dimensions and its critical role in the pursuit of sustainable development goals (SDGs).
The chapters within this volume represent diverse perspectives, methodologies, and empirical insights, offering a comprehensive exploration of the informal economy’s intersections with key themes such as food security, financial inclusion, digital transformation, waste management, gender disparities, and rural entrepreneurship. Through empirical studies, theoretical frameworks, and policy analyses, our contributors navigate the labyrinthine complexities of informal economies, presenting innovative ideas, effective interventions, and pressing challenges that demand our attention and action.
The journey begins with exploring the invisible pathways of informal lending, a bibliometric study that unveils the intricate networks and dynamics underpinning informal financial transactions. From there, we embark on a journey across continents, examining the digital transformation of economies and its implications for the informal sector, from the bustling streets of Ghana to the vibrant textile sectors of India. Along the way, we encounter the resilience and vulnerabilities of migrant women workers, the persistent challenges of industrial concentration, and the impacts of foreign capital inflows on informal economies, offering nuanced analyses that deepen our understanding of these complex phenomena.
As we delve deeper into the book, we encounter chapters that present interventions aimed at addressing the myriad challenges faced by informal economies. From initiatives to enhance food security and financial inclusion to collaborations for climate action and waste management, our contributors offer practical strategies and innovative approaches to empower informal workers and enhance their socio-economic well-being. Through case studies, policy analyses, and stakeholder collaborations, these interventions provide a roadmap for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers striving to foster inclusive and sustainable growth in diverse socio-economic contexts.
However, amidst the wealth of ideas and interventions, we must recognise the stark realities and pressing challenges confronting informal economies and the communities they support. From the gig economy’s impact on labour rights to the gender disparities that pervade informal employment, our contributors highlight the persistent inequalities and structural barriers that hinder the realisation of SDGs. They challenge us to confront these injustices and advocate for meaningful change through rigorous research and critical analysis, offering insights and perspectives that inspire action and transformation.
As editors, we are deeply grateful to our esteemed contributors for their scholarly rigour, intellectual curiosity, and unwavering commitment to advancing knowledge and promoting social change. Their collective efforts have enriched this volume with invaluable insights, innovative ideas, and practical solutions that have the power to shape policy, inform practice, and inspire future research in the fields of informal economy and sustainable development.
In conclusion, Informal Economy and Sustainable Development Goals: Ideas, Interventions and Challenges is more than just a book; it is a testament to the resilience, ingenuity, and potential of informal economies to contribute to a more just, equitable, and sustainable world. We hope readers find inspiration, knowledge, and motivation within these pages to join us on this journey towards a future where informal workers are empowered, and communities thrive. Sustainable development has become a reality for all.
Thank you for embarking on this journey with us.
Sincerely,
A. Vinodan
S. Mahalakshmi
S. Rameshkumar
- Prelims
- Ideas
- Chapter 1: A Conceptual Framework for Managing Public Services Delivered by Environmental Enterprises in Informal Settlements
- Chapter 2: Digital Transformation and Implications for the Informal Sector of Ghana
- Chapter 3: How Do the Socio-economic Characteristics of Migrant Workers Shape Their Financial Behaviour?
- Chapter 4: Mapping the Invisible Pathways: A Bibliometric Study on Informal Lending in the Informal Economy
- Chapter 5: Industry 4.0, AI and Textile Sector in India
- Chapter 6: Persisting Industrial Concentration and Signs of Industrial Dispersion: Evidence from Formal and Informal Manufacturing Sector
- Chapter 7: Foreign Capital Inflow, Product Market Imperfection, and the Informal Sector: A General Equilibrium Analysis
- Interventions
- Chapter 8: Food Security in the Informal Sector: Interventions and Challenges for the SDGs
- Chapter 9: The Role of Self-help Groups in Financial Inclusion in India
- Chapter 10: Waste Management Practices in the Informal Settlement: Functionality of Local Assemblies
- Chapter 11: Inclusivity and Climate Action: City and Informal Waste Actors Collaboration in Accra
- Chapter 12: Strengthening Sustainable Rural Development Through Entrepreneurship: An Indian Perspective
- Challenges
- Chapter 13: Flexibility, Vulnerability, and Inclusiveness in the Gig Economy: A Review of India's Experience in the Context of Informalisation
- Chapter 14: Reconnoitring Vulnerabilities of Migrant Women Workers in the Urban Informal Labour Market
- Chapter 15: Informal Employment, Gender Patterns and Policies in MENA Countries
- Chapter 16: Employment Status of Women in the Power Loom Sector: A Case Study of Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
- Chapter 17: Identifying Wage Inequality in Indian Urban Informal Labour Market: A Gender Perspective
- Chapter 18: Gender Disparity in the Informal Sector Employment in India
- Chapter 19: Challenges of Women Workers in the Solid Waste Management Sector of Kerala: On the Path to Formalization
- Index