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Expert briefing
Publication date: 3 July 2017

The sanctions, reviewed on a semi-annual basis, have now been extended until January 2018, despite speculation about divisions within the EU. This comes after the US Treasury…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 22 June 2022

Hungary’s policy towards Ukraine can appear out of step with the EU mainstream; it opposed the terms of the EU’s sixth package of sanctions against Russia. However, Budapest’s…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 5 September 2022

Eastern EU member-states, from the Baltics to the Black Sea, are united in applying existing sanctions against Russia, with only Hungary overtly weakening political unity on the…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 24 August 2023

The four Visegrad (V4) countries -- Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia and Poland -- have built up gas stocks to prepare for the winter. Once the EU states most dependent on Russian gas…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 6 March 2015

Budapest's balancing between traditional and non-traditional ties.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 21 September 2017

Moscow’s influence on eastern EU and its fringes.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 2 March 2023

The war delivered a shock to Europe’s post-Cold War order -- its security, peace and stability. Economically, it marks a turn in global trade relations, supply chains and energy…

Executive summary
Publication date: 19 December 2023

BULGARIA/RUSSIA: Lukoil stops refining Russian crude

Expert briefing
Publication date: 13 January 2020

With TurkStream, Russia has opened a new export route to the EU through South-eastern Europe under the Black Sea: Bulgaria, Greece and North Macedonia are receiving Russian gas…

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