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Expert briefing
Publication date: 2 June 2015

Russia has said the ban is in response to the EU's sanctions against Russia. EU economic sanctions expire at the end of July, and their renewal requires consensus. The contingent…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 9 May 2018

Trump described the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) as "defective at its core". Iran's compliance has repeatedly been verified, but the agreement has never operated as…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 25 February 2022

The sanctions amount to a middle-of-the-road approach: leaders agreed to keep Russia in the SWIFT payment system and avoid targeting Russian energy exports. They will not cause…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 1 September 2015

Future EU relations with Iran.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 8 December 2017

Nord Stream 2 update.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 29 September 2020

Leading politicians have called for the cancellation for the Nord Stream 2 (NS2) natural gas pipeline from Russia to Germany, while NATO and the EU are considering fresh sanctions…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 23 March 2018

The statement is tougher than expected, and the EU also recalled its Moscow ambassador for consultations. The EU's shift is a win for UK Prime Minister Theresa May as she attempts…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 16 January 2019

Russia is contending with the West for influence in Serbia, a candidate for EU membership. For Belgrade, integration with the EU is economically advantageous but like several…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 26 February 2019

US-Iran ties have cooled under President Donald Trump. This month in Warsaw, US Vice-President Mike Pence described Iran as the "greatest threat" to Middle Eastern peace and…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 17 July 2019

Mogherini said Tehran’s actions did not constitute an act of significant non-compliance. That comes after Iran raised the level of uranium enrichment above the permitted limit…

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