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Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Still, the narcotics trade provides a lucrative alternative revenue stream for government-aligned actors in Syria. These external pressures are therefore instead likely to prompt…
They have backed opposing sides in the Syrian and Libyan conflicts and pursued different objectives there and in Nagorno-Karabakh, in the hope that conflict trends would benefit…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB258615
ISSN: 2633-304X
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This was the culmination of months of backchannel talks between two of the Middle East’s bitterest rivals. It is intended to help reduce bilateral tensions and facilitate further…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB263706
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Tensions have risen since Syrian government shelling killed seven Turkish soldiers and a civilian contractor in north-western Syria on February 3. Although President Recep Tayyip…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB250577
ISSN: 2633-304X
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SYRIA: Jihadists face difficult decisions in Idlib
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-ES253268
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The move reflects Turkey's failure to contain advances by the Moscow-backed Damascus government. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has engaged in multiple military adventures in the…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB257329
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Prospects for Russian foreign policy in 2019.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB239577
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Russian private military companies.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB241082
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The 2021 presidential programme forecast domestic content in defence projects reaching 71% and arms exports tripling to USD6.2bn. However, that was before Washington banned export…