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Expert briefing
Publication date: 16 April 2024

Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 7 January 2021

They have backed opposing sides in the Syrian and Libyan conflicts and pursued different objectives there and in Nagorno-Karabakh, in the hope that conflict trends would benefit…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 10 February 2020

Tensions have risen since Syrian government shelling killed seven Turkish soldiers and a civilian contractor in north-western Syria on February 3. Although President Recep Tayyip…

Executive summary
Publication date: 15 June 2020

SYRIA: Jihadists face difficult decisions in Idlib

Expert briefing
Publication date: 4 November 2020

The move reflects Turkey's failure to contain advances by the Moscow-backed Damascus government. President Recep Tayyip Erdogan has engaged in multiple military adventures in the…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 1 November 2018

Prospects for Russian foreign policy in 2019.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 11 January 2019

Russian private military companies.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 19 May 2021

Uncertainty about whether Moscow will lift its suspension of flights from June 1 is discouraging Russian tourism into mid-summer. Turkey’s growing defence ties with Ukraine, its…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 31 January 2020

Moscow is increasingly involved in Libya in support of a dual ambition to be taken seriously as a regional power and an honest intermediary. As Turkey takes sides in the conflict…

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