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During his meeting with his Kazakh counterpart Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in Astana, Putin called the two countries “not just allies, but very close allies”. A month earlier, Putin had…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB283709
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Global order and institutions have been undermined by the hostile assertiveness of the United States, China, Russia and Turkey; COVID-19 has strengthened the trend. This leaves…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB257392
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Energy ties, already deep, have expanded since 2022 as part of a broader reorientation of Russian commerce away from the West. The similarly authoritarian leadership styles of…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB286445
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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The Turkish leadership believes that a new US administration may stand back from its predecessor's criticisms of Turkey and be better placed to strike a deal with Russia and…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB214853
ISSN: 2633-304X
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The changing regional dynamic as Azerbaijan has gained control of Nagorno-Karabakh from Armenia, a traditional Iranian ally, creates a dilemma for Tehran. Iran fears that Turkey…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB282304
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Iran perceives that it has become isolated in the South Caucasus, as a result of changing geopolitical relations over the past three years. Israel has increased its presence…
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB279596
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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In the past 12 months, Bahrain, Egypt, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have become dialogue partners of the SCO, while Iran has become a full member.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB281934
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
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Russian foreign policy in 2016.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB210312
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Sudan's foreign relations.
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DOI: 10.1108/OXAN-DB233840
ISSN: 2633-304X
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Geographic
Topical
Selling mainly to non-US allies in Asia and North Africa, Russia has been the world's second-largest arms exporter after the United States for the last decade. The 2020 dip seems…