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Expert briefing
Publication date: 30 November 2023

During his meeting with his Kazakh counterpart Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in Astana, Putin called the two countries “not just allies, but very close allies”. A month earlier, Putin had…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 17 January 2022

Moscow hosted the meeting, implicitly claiming the role of arbiter in the South Caucasus. The 'normalisation' initiative is an unexpected development since it follows Turkey's…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 19 February 2018

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson’s agreement in Ankara to work together has reduced the possibility of a clash between Turkish and US…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 22 February 2016

The latest efforts to end the 41-year division of the island.

Expert briefing
Publication date: 25 August 2021

This was the culmination of months of backchannel talks between two of the Middle East’s bitterest rivals. It is intended to help reduce bilateral tensions and facilitate further…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 31 January 2020

Moscow is increasingly involved in Libya in support of a dual ambition to be taken seriously as a regional power and an honest intermediary. As Turkey takes sides in the conflict…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 31 July 2024

Previous efforts to achieve detente have faltered because of the sheer complexity of the issues at stake: 3.6 million Syrian refugees in Turkey, Ankara's military presence in…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 1 September 2017

Israel sees rising risks from developments in Syria, especially the implementation of four ‘de-escalation zones’ agreed on May 6 by Russia, Iran and Turkey after talks in Astana…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 4 May 2021

Ten years after it experienced mass protests during the 2011 Arab uprisings, Manama remains deeply concerned about the potential threat from a Shia-led opposition -- and its…

Expert briefing
Publication date: 10 May 2021

As the new US administration seeks to re-engage with Iran, both Washington and Ankara have launched negotiations with Tehran's enemy Saudi Arabia. Iran and Turkey have major…

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