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The purpose of this paper is to garner a deeper understanding of the site of influence of aspects of risk management for tax practitioners.

The research design is twofold. Phase one consisted of a wide-scale international survey with 1,061 tax experts across 59 jurisdictions. In phase two, the authors followed up with 68 semi-structured interviews with tax practitioners working in 11 different countries.

The findings recognise the importance of the firm as a significant “site of influence” for tax practitioners in shaping their risk appetite in their tax work. The firm eclipses other influences of risk such as professional body oversight, public interest and demographic markers such as gender and career stage. The authors show that firm is significant, irrespective of size of firm.

This work has practical implications as the findings highlight the importance of oversight of professional service firms by both the professional accountancy bodies and revenue authorities. The findings may have impact on the ethical training and guidance for trainee accountants in terms of an increased awareness on the employing firm as a site of influence for tax practitioners.

This research is important as it adds to the significant body of work on firm socialisation and highlights the important role that the firm holds in moderating (or exacerbating) the risk appetite of tax practitioners, which has significant implications in terms of pushing the boundaries of tax aggressive behaviours. The work aims to recognise the important role that tax practitioners can have in moderating aggressive tax practice, and, thus, reducing tax inequalities and shaping a better world of “Reduced Inequalities” (SDG10).

The purpose of this paper is to show an optimum income tax policy, given that the government must raise sufficient tax revenue to fund public goods and services as well as income transfer programmes. The paper examines the different types of taxes and then suggests a policy that is efficient, equitable, easy to administer and leads to a higher level of economic growth.

A literature review has been done to find all scholarly work that relates to income tax policy and its effect on economic growth. Results from endogenous growth models have been utilised to determine both the significance and the magnitude of income tax policy's effect on the growth rate of real GDP.

After examining the benefits of each type of taxation and reviewing the principles of capitalism, a proportionate (single rate) tax of 12 per cent on all income would be approximately revenue neutral in the USA, and would add to the growth of real GDP, thereby improving the standard of living.

The paper concentrates on income tax policy in the USA. While it is believed that the conclusions apply to virtually all market-based economies, cultural differences in some countries may result in a modification of the conclusion to fit the society.

In the USA today, the majority of people favour changing the current income tax code. The debate is about what to change and how to change it. This debate is also important to developing nations who try to set an income tax policy that reaches the goals while encouraging growth.

While the literature shows varying studies concerning the impact of tax policy, there is a gap when searching for an optimum policy. Many scholars have made suggestions but none of them seem to be optimal. This topic is of particular interest in the USA and the rest of the developed and non-developed world, since the recent performance of GDP growth has been very slow and in many instances negative. Most countries have tried combinations of monetary and fiscal policies to encourage growth, but none seem to be working effectively. The solution may be to change income tax policy. The proposal for an optimum income tax policy is new and different from any that has been suggested as yet.

This article considers briefly the general background to tax evasion, why it is a crime and the relationship between tax evasion and money laundering.

Considerable debate centres around the use of debt finance as opposed to new equity and internally generated funds for the financing of new investment projects. The favourable corporate tax treatment of debt interest payments compared to equity returns appears to be a government incentive to debt finance. In addition, the differential tax treatment of financial institutions' income and individual investors' income under the tax code, all leads to the idea, that debt financing may increase the market value of a firm beyond the expected value of its operational cash flows.

The purpose of this paper is to survey the lease vs buy coverage in leading managerial finance textbooks and to clarify the impact of tax rates and borrowing rates.

The survey uses “plain vanilla” lease vs buy scenarios to critique and clarify particular issues in the textbook presentations.

The survey finds: a lone text shows that there can be a gain from leasing if the lessee’s tax rate is higher than the lessor’s, which challenges the “conventional wisdom” maintained in all the other texts; some textbook examples attribute an overall benefit to leasing to the tax rate difference, but the benefit is actually due to a borrowing rate difference, and borrowing rate differences may be a more important source of leasing benefits than tax rate differences.

The survey provides insights that are not well known and should be useful to instructors and practitioners.

During the 2004 presidential campaign, the Kerry campaign claimed that the federal income tax cuts passed between 2001 and 2004 shifted the burden of financing the federal government from upper‐class to middle‐class taxpayers. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the claim made by the Kerry campaign is valid.

The assumptions made by the Kerry campaign in analyzing the data in the report Effective Federal Tax Rates Under Current Law, 2001‐2014 prepared by the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) were analyzed. It was determined that their analysis was flawed in the way they established their comparisons. The analysis was adjusted, correcting the identified flaws.

After adjusting for the flaws in the analysis by the Kerry campaign, it was determined that the tax cuts actually increased the percentage of taxes paid by the wealthiest taxpayers. Also, if the cuts are not extended, the percentage paid by the wealthiest taxpayers will decrease.

The importance of this paper is not in finding that a political party would manipulate economic data in an attempt to win an election, as this is expected in politics. The larger concern is that the CBO, a nonpartisan organization, validated the claims made by the Kerry campaign. If a nonpartisan organization is going to take a position on an issue related to politics, they need to be sure that the analysis is valid.

The federal alternative minimum tax (AMT) portion of the annual federal income tax filing procedures is destined to have severe effects on the compensation and take home pay of senior management librarians. By examining the history of the AMT and typical principal librarian or director's salaries in New Jersey one can see the need to change the salary. The purpose of this article is to offer two additional proposed salaries for the director. One salary serves as an incremental improvement, the other serves as a step up to the executive status requisite for a position of such responsibility and effort.

This article discusses the AMT and typical principal librarian or director's salaries in New Jersey.

Little difference is seen among the salary levels regarding typical monthly expenses after payroll deductions are made as a result of the effects of the AMT. If salaries are not changed to reflect an increase in discretionary funds commensurate with the position, the AMT formula will need to change.

Recommendations are provided for salary and AMT changes based on an analysis of expenses and tax code.

This paper has the purpose of being a preliminary exploration of the link between taxation and the contemporary assault on the financial aspect of terrorism.

This is a discussion paper.

Locating the origins of the link in the terrorist attacks of September 2001, it considers the ramifications of the fusion of taxation and international tax havens with terrorist finance.

The paper considers the link between taxation and the financial aspect of terrorism.

The European Commission is attempting to harmonise taxes in the European Community but little progress has been made to date with the exception of indirect taxation. The diversity reflects the historic differences in the economic and social structures of the member states and it is shown that wide ranging fundamental differences in tax systems remain. The main differences in tax systems, rates, bases, in approach to foreign shareholders and in business incentives are described and the problems of such disparities existing post‐1992 are highlighted.

In the last decade there has been considerable interest in the analysis of Trade Union behaviour, but surprisingly little discussion of the effect of tax changes on wage demands. Previous analyses have been limited by the use of simple tax structures. The discussion is extended by considering a multi‐rate tax system that can easily be applied to most countries. The effect on unions′ wage demands of eliminating the top marginal tax rate, while raising VAT, is examined in detail. It is shown that this policy can be expected to lead to an increase in the wage demands of all unions, producing a once‐and‐for‐all increase in nominal wages and unemployment.