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The purpose of this paper is to analyse and understand the contemporary management of electronic identification (e-ID) development to: identify and formulate challenges and reflect upon the use of a combination of perspectives. To generate knowledge on this issue, we investigate e-ID development in Sweden from: an e-government systems development lifecycle perspective and a project challenge and critical success factor (CSF) perspective.

This is a qualitative case study covering an analysis of the three years in a larger project focusing e-ID in a public e-service setting. Empirical sources have been face-to-face interviews; official documents and different kind of forums for presentations and discussions in, for example, hearings arranged by authorities; meetings with the coordinating agency, and practitioners’ networks events.

This study concludes that there are significant challenges involved in managing e-ID development because of its contextual and integrated character. Challenges involve the organization and management of the program and can be traced back to e-government, general project management literature and theory on path dependency. Based on this study, we can question, e.g. governance models, centralization and a narrow focus on the technical artefact. Our study is also an illustration of a possible way to analyse e-ID within an e-government initiative.

The present study shows that an e-ID can be considered as a back office-enabler for launching e-services, but also highlights the need for management of the artefact as an integral part of e-service development because it is intertwined with the use of e-services from a user perspective. This aspect together with the insights related to challenges and success factors including path dependency provides implications for future practice of e-ID management and development in particular and information systems artefact development in general.

This paper addresses challenges related to the development of e-ID in a public e-service setting. Few studies have theoretically combined a lifecycle perspective on challenges and success factors related to e-ID development while also focusing different dimensions of path dependency as an example of a challenging area within a program frame. Studying e-ID as a contemporary phenomenon from a contextual perspective in line with sociomaterial thinking – with a focus on the interplay between technology and people –can also help us to understand and discuss artefact development in general.

Residential neighbourhoods are vital parts of cities, accommodating various activity patterns that reflect the daily life for residents. Each residential neighbourhood is characterised by housing typology and urban pattern, which has been formed and transformed overtime. The city centre of Tripoli has experienced continuous growth and witnessed intensive development programs that transformed residential neighbourhoods and housing typology. This study explores the characteristics of six different neighbourhoods within the city of Tripoli and establishes a profile for each, focusing on the way in which key principles and values are perceived. Using defined indicators, the study measures the spatial typology, architecture pattern, accessibility, activity/use, and type of users. Assessing the characteristics of each neighbour-hood the paper examines functional, social and perceptual attributes through the use of a walking tour assessment, which is composed of checklists and a scoring system. Findings demonstrate the absence of landscape features, such as greenery elements and appropriate street furniture, as well as absence of adequate facilities or designated playing areas for children. The paper calls for assessing existing residential districts as a step towards generating neighbour-hoods that are meaningful and prosperous.

Suggests that there are great opportunities for retailers in the mass rail transit (MRT) malls in Singapore due to their strategic location by bus and train station. States that maximum competitive advantage will be gained only if retailers understand consumer’s perception of the malls and how this affects their behaviour. Outlines the results of a survey of 250 shoppers across 5 malls showing that consumers value convenience, variety, cleanliness, and air‐conditioning. Argues that retailers need to advertise and display their merchandise while mall owners need to attract a good mix of tenants, maintain a good environment and provide good facilities. Suggests that communal activities held in the mall would make them more commercially viable.

The concept of employing web-based configuration systems towards mass customization of housing has been implemented by some prefabricated housing companies around the globe, and has become a challenging research area in the last few decades as an outcome of advancements in communication and design technologies. Different methodologies have been employed with the aim of efficiently engaging future homebuyers in the design of their homes. The thrust of this paper is to systematically formalize an advanced configuration system for mass customization of prefabricated housing for a company operating in the Canadian market. The focus is on one floor bungalows which are common within the Province of Quebec. Such housing models targets a specific market sector; elderly couples seeking retirement homes, with the aim of improving affordability through maintaining particular design and production qualities.

Baumschlager & Eberle's design works can be characterized as typological, regional, tectonic and highly crafted, using both modern and traditional technology. Their work provides a reference for study, the findings of which may bridge the gap between Open Building research and theory on one hand, and the skillful architectural practice on the other. This paper analyzes their conceptual and methodological approaches. It concludes that the quality of architectural work relies on the interpretation of the particular social, cultural and technological conditions of the specific place in which a building is situated. They generated an open plan typology and operable façade systems to deal with changing needs of the users and even any uncertainty in the design and construction process. They conceptually and technically divided a building into five separate systems according to different life spans of materials, to accommodate a diversity and change of needs, and at same time maintain the long lasting and sustainable structure including the façade. The buildings they designed are the product of their unique design management, which aimed at motivating all the people involved in the building process, without undermining the role of the architectural profession.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges that arise when introducing an electronic identification (eID) card for professional use in a health-care setting.

This is a case study of an eID implementation project in healthcare. Data were collected through interviews with key actors in a project team and with eID end users. The authors viewed the eID card as a boundary object intersecting social worlds. For this analysis, the authors combined this with an electronic government initiative challenge framework.

The findings of this paper illustrate the interpretative flexibility of eID cards and how eID cards as boundary objects intersect social worlds. The main challenges of implementing and using eID cards in healthcare are usability, user behaviour and privacy. However, the way in which these challenges are interpreted varies between different social worlds.

One of the implications for future practice is to increase our understanding of the eID card as a socio-technical artefact, where the social and technical is intertwined, at the same time as the eID card affects the social as well as the technical. By using a socio-technical perspective, it is possible to minimise the potential problems related to the implementation and use of eID.

Previous research has highlighted the need for more empirical research on identity management. The authors contextualise and analyse the implementation and use of eID cards within healthcare. By viewing the eID card as a boundary object, the authors have unveiled its interpretative flexibility and how it is translated across different social worlds.

This paper aims to examine the formation of Kavaklıdere as a ‘modern’ residential district during the 1950s. Contemporary urbanization brought about changes in various regions of Ankara, among which Kavaklıdere emerged as an important location with features that defined a new stage in the development of the identity of the capital city. The construction of houses in this district from the early 1950s onwards was in accordance with new functional requirements resulting from the needs of the contemporary socio-economic context, and exemplified the relationship between architectural approaches and social developments. In line with the rapid urbanization of Ankara throughout the 1950s, daily life in Kavaklıdere was transformed, as experienced in the apartment blocks that were the newly constructed sites of modernization. The contemporary transformation of Kavaklıdere was apparently formal and spatial, with the modernist architectural approach of the period, i.e. the so-called International Style, beginning to dominate in the shaping of its changing character. Nonetheless, the transformation was not only architectural but also social: the characteristics of this part of the city were then defined by structures like these apartment blocks, which brought modernist design features, together with modern ways of living, into wider public use and appreciation. The paper discusses how the identity of Kavaklıdere as a residential district was formed in the context of the mid-twentieth century, when these new residences emerged as pioneering modernist architectural housing, the product of social change, which housed and hence facilitated the ‘modern’ lifestyle of that time.

From an architectonic point of view, the identity of Iranian houses has become more enriched itself throughout history. Primarily, during the Qajardynasty (1785-1925)as a consequence of the social, political, and economical changes which took place, there was a turning point from traditional architectural construction to the modernism principals of construction. In this regard, this studyaims toexplore the importance of the compatibility of the termidentity of architecture in the transformation age (a period which led tothe turning point in the history of Iranian architecture) bydescriptive (including comparative and co-relational methods) and explanative-analytical methods.

By evaluating the spatial characteristics of TraditionalIranian Houses (TIH), the study has developed a method of assessingthe architectural identity of the Qajar era. It alsointroduceda Top-down and Bottom-up processing method as the two main factors in shapingthe identityofan architectural style. By comparing both the objective and subjective indicators of shapingthe identity of TIH, the study also revealed that, in transitioning from the traditional construction to modern, the physical characteristics of the houses might change considerably, whilst lifestyles will not change at the same speed.

This study aims to understand the house owners' energy concerns. An exploratory inductive research design has been chosen to explore the perceptions of households towards the modernization of energy use in residential buildings. Face-to-face interviews with experts and households were conducted in Baden-Württemberg, Germany to collect the data. This study found that most of the house owners do not know about the benefits of increasing the energy performance in residential buildings and which energy efficiency potentials they can acquire. Additionally, house owners’ superficial knowledge creates fears and doubts concerning the modernization of energy use in residential buildings. Moreover, this study found that the local public administration, such as the municipalities, has a good reputation among households. Hence, public marketing activities should be run locally. It is suggested that the public administration should not conduct any public marketing activities without the support, for example, of the mayor. Further, it is necessary to supply the house owners with clear and understandable information on the topic and to demonstrate the functionality of the technologies to increase energy efficiency in residential buildings. Moreover, interpersonal communication such as a hotline and personal advisory service concerning energy-efficient refurbishment of residential buildings can be very beneficial to support the households. Local public administration should aim to introduce public marketing activities to enhance the modernization of energy use in residential buildings.