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As opposed to the predominant belief in the West, in Chinese dominated societies there may be a positive relationship between age and perceived possession of high quality personal resources. That attitude towards old age may carry over to expatriates in Chinese societies. This may have a positive impact on expatriates’ job performance. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the association between the age of business expatriates and their work performance in a Chinese cultural setting.

Controlling for the potential bias of a number of background variables, data collected from business expatriates in Greater China were analyzed by means of hierarchical regression.

Results indicate that contextual/managerial performance, including general managerial functions applied to the subsidiary in Greater China, had a positive association with the age of the expatriates. This finding provides partial affirmative support to the presumption that the age of business expatriates matters in a Chinese cultural context.

Companies sending expatriates to Greater China could introduce age among other selection criteria. At least, companies should not discriminate against older candidates in expatriate selection for Greater China. Furthermore, older expatriates destined for a Chinese cultural context could be trained how to exploit their age advantage.

In contrast to previous studies, this investigation attempts to match a certain personal characteristic of expatriates with a specific host culture. The results have implications for and contribute to the literature on expatriate selection as well as to the body of research on cross‐cultural training.

The purpose of this paper is to explore the structure of leader communication style in the context of organizational change. In doing so, the authors intend to shed more light on how leaders can effectively communicate change projects to their subordinates, which is viewed as the key to implementing change initiatives.

This paper builds an integrated conceptual model for understanding leader’s communication style and subordinates’ commitment to change. By analyzing subordinates’ different fears of change, the paper further proposes a multidimensional structure of leader communication style in the context of change. The authors then develop a scale to measure these different dimensions and test the relationship between the proposed communication style and subordinates’ affective commitment to change.

Leader communication style in the context of change is found to be composed of five dimensions: hope orientation, reality orientation, subordinate orientation, support orientation, and enforcement orientation. A cross-level field study of 31 teams and 194 members shows that hope orientation, subordinate orientation, and support orientation are positively associated with subordinates’ affective commitment to change.

This paper identifies a new structure of leader communication style that will lead to a richer understanding of how leaders communicate to their subordinates in the context of change. It also contributes to the leadership literature by implying effective ways of communicating change projects.

The purpose of this paper is to propose an efficient space-time operator-splitting method for the high-dimensional vector-valued Allen–Cahn (AC) equations. The key of the space-time operator-splitting is to devide the complex partial differential equations into simple heat equations and nolinear ordinary differential equations.

Each component of high-dimensional heat equations is split into a series of one-dimensional heat equations in different spatial directions. The nonlinear ordinary differential equations are solved by a stabilized semi-implicit scheme to preserve the upper bound of the solution. The algorithm greatly reduces the computational complexity and storage requirement.

The theoretical analyses of stability in terms of upper bound preservation and mass conservation are shown. The numerical results of phase separation, evolution of the total free energy and total mass conservation show the effectiveness and accuracy of the space-time operator-splitting method.

Extensive 2D/3D numerical tests demonstrated the efficacy and accuracy of the proposed method.

The space-time operator-splitting method reduces the complexity of the problem and reduces the storage space by turning the high-dimensional problem into a series of 1D problems. We give the theoretical analyses of upper bound preservation and mass conservation for the proposed method.

Business is about building relationships and hence relationship building is becoming increasingly important for cross‐cultural management. Current research findings in this area have mainly focused on relationship marketing or on cultural dimensions of business relationships. This preliminary study attempts to break the boundary and aims to explore relationship building from a culture‐specific perspective while in corporating a social constructivist dimension. Specifically, it compares relationship building across four cultures including European, New Zealand, Chinese, Indian and South African cultures. The research method is interpretive, based on an analysis of interview results with business executives from the four target cultures.

Purpose: This introduction sets the stage for the book theme, “Emotions and Negativity,” by reviewing the early work on negative emotions and by discussing the impact of the COVID pandemic on people’s moods and emotions. It discusses how most of the chapters in this book were first presented as conference papers at the Twelfth International Conference on Emotions and Worklife (“Emonet XII”). It then highlights the key contributions from each of the chapters. Study Design/Methodology/Approach: This gives an overview of the organizational structure of the book and explains the four major parts of the book. It then relates each chapter to the theme of each part and discusses the key contributions of each chapter. Findings: The introduction concludes by observing that the chapters offer a variety of practical solutions to negative emotions that should be of use to both practitioners and academicians. Originality/Value: The chapters investigate underresearched topics, and thus make original and important new contributions. Although underresearched, the topics they explore have a major impact on people’s lives. Thus, these chapters add considerable value to the field.

Heterogeneous risk disclosure has been proven to improve the efficiency of new stock issuance, but excessive risk disclosure during the IPO may lead to irrational underestimation of the company, which is different from the original intention of management's detailed disclosure. Therefore, this study aims to examine the impact of IPO heterogeneous risk disclosure on earnings management motivations from the information transfer perspective of earnings management.

The sample includes 2,000 listed companies listed firms on Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges from 2007 to 2022. This study uses the pretrained ERNIE model to measure text similarity in the prospectus to measure the heterogeneity of IPO risk disclosure.

This study empirically finds that heterogeneous IPO risk disclosure suppresses the opportunistic motivation of earnings management because managers tend to use earnings management to leverage information transmission functions. Such an effect is more pronounced in firms with higher analyst attention, lower marketization levels and non-state-owned. And heterogeneous risk disclosure may inhibit management’s over-investment behavior, thereby reducing the possibility of management engaging in opportunistic earnings management. Besides, price discounts are used to distinguish opportunistic and non-opportunistic earnings management and carry out a quasi-natural experimental design to demonstrate that marketization can enhance the relationship between heterogeneous risk disclosure and earnings management.

This study contributes evidence regarding the economic consequences of managerial earnings management behavior related to heterogeneous IPO risk disclosure. It supports highlighted firms in the IPO risk information disclosure to mitigate potential adverse outcomes through earnings management. This contributes to the literature and enhances information transparency in the capital market, fostering the healthy development of China’s capital market.