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The increasing African population and economic growth leading to urbanisation continues to increase the need to redevelop brownfields as a strategy of encouraging sustainable development of cities, in particular in Ethiopia. However, the adoption of brownfield redevelopment in Ethiopia is at initial stage. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to highlight the framework based on grey-incidence decision-making approach to manage brownfields in African countries by taking Ethiopia as case example. The grey-incidence decision-making model integrates multiple factors such as economic, social, environmental, technical and associated risks and provides an effective decision-making and management tool for environmental practitioners and government agencies.

Questionnaires were used to collect data on terms and definitions of brownfield. The questions were prepared on the basis of currently used definitions developed by a number of developed countries. Moreover, this study utilises a grey-incidence decision-making approach to help in management and decision-making for the implementation of brownfield redevelopment projects (BRPs) in the remediated sites.

Standard definition of brownfield and essential guidelines for brownfield redevelopment is proposed for Ethiopian context. The research findings were tested and verified using literature data and survey from major stakeholders. In addition, the grey-incidence decision-making approach is applied for the evaluation of BRPs in the remediated sites. A framework is proposed to control future brownfields for African countries by taking Ethiopia as a case example.

This research stresses the significance of an urban structure to address sustainable development, and the need to consider redevelopment of brownfields and identify the potential for a specific government policy framework. This research provides the best opportunity for Ethiopia by devising an urban land policy and create a strategy to contribute social, economic, financial and environmental benefits. It also provides a foundation to solve environmental issues by involving all major stakeholders, including community citizens, environmentalists and government agencies, and it also serves as guidelines to transform brownfields into Greenfields; and finally, it contributes to achieve the 2030 UN global goals.

The purpose of this paper is to propose an evaluation model for evaluating the innovation competency in the Yanliang Aviation Industry Park, which is a typical example of an aviation industry cluster.

A subjective weighting method based on the order relation is used to determine the index weights, which are utilized in grey incidence analysis to measure the innovation competency of the aviation industry cluster.

The application of the index methodology to the Yanliang Aviation Industry Park demonstrates that the industry cluster possesses a strong innovation competency, as well as the feasibility and practicability of employing this approach.

The method introduced in the paper can be used to solve practical problems. Moreover, it provides potential support for the development of the aviation industry in the future.

In this paper, the high technology aviation industry, which now plays a strategic industrial role in China, is systematically studied by using a new methodology based on grey systems. Additionally, a subjective weighting sequence model founded upon a grey relational analysis is utilized in place of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP).

This paper aims to study individuals’ information service satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in China’s urban communities.

The researchers analyse people’s uncertainties during the pandemic and argue that uncertainties caused by the lockdown can negatively affect people. By reducing people’s uncertainty during the pandemic, community staff members can improve individuals’ information service satisfaction and social order. This study constructs a conceptual model that includes key transparency and self-disclosure constructs and their relationships that can contribute to the trust and satisfaction of the community information service phenomenon. The researchers collected 489 responses to test their hypothesis from an online survey of Chinese residents in areas where the strict lockdown policy was implemented.

The empirical results show that policy and goods information transparency significantly affect information service satisfaction in a positive way, with goods information transparency having the highest impact. Second, self-disclosure of community staff members is also an effective way to increase information service satisfaction. Finally, trust plays a mediating role in the influence of information transparency and self-disclosure on information service satisfaction.

This paper innovatively uses uncertainty reduction theory to examine the effects of information transparency and self-disclosure on satisfaction with community information services. It expands the research in the field of information service satisfaction and extends the scope of the research subjects of self-disclosure.

The purpose of this study is to design carbon electrode materials for high performance electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) with pores that are large enough and have suitable pore size distribution for the electrolyte to access completely to improve EDLCs’ electrochemical performance.

This study develop an improved traditional KOH activation method, and a series of micro-meso hierarchical porous carbons have been successfully prepared from phenol formaldehyde resin by combining polyethylene glycol (PEG) and conventional KOH activation.

As evidenced by N₂ adsorption/desorption tests, the obtained samples present Types IV and I-IV hybrid shape isotherms compared with KOH-activated resin (typical of Type I). The sample AC2-7-1, which the addition quantity of PEG is 25 per cent PF (weight ration) activated at 700? For 1 h is considered as the optimum preparation condition. It exhibits the highest specific capacitance value of 240 F/g in 30 wt% KOH aqueous electrolytes because of its higher specific surface area (2085 m2/g), greater pore volume (1.08 cm3/g) and the maximum mesoporosity (43 per cent). In addition, the capacity decay of this material is only 3.1 per cent after 1000 cycles.

The materials that are rich in micropores and mesopores show great potential in EDLC capacitors, particularly for applications where high power output and good high-frequency capacitive performances are required.

With the development of data mining technology, diverse and broader domain knowledge can be extracted automatically. However, the research on applying knowledge mapping and data visualization techniques to genealogical data is limited. This paper aims to fill this research gap by providing a systematic framework and process guidance for practitioners seeking to uncover hidden knowledge from genealogy.

Based on a literature review of genealogy's current knowledge reasoning research, the authors constructed an integrated framework for knowledge inference and visualization application using a knowledge graph. Additionally, the authors applied this framework in a case study using “Manchu Clan Genealogy” as the data source.

The case study shows that the proposed framework can effectively decompose and reconstruct genealogy. It demonstrates the reasoning, discovery, and web visualization application process of implicit information in genealogy. It enhances the effective utilization of Manchu genealogy resources by highlighting the intricate relationships among people, places, and time entities.

This study proposed a framework for genealogy knowledge reasoning and visual analysis utilizing a knowledge graph, including five dimensions: the target layer, the resource layer, the data layer, the inference layer, and the application layer. It helps to gather the scattered genealogy information and establish a data network with semantic correlations while establishing reasoning rules to enable inference discovery and visualization of hidden relationships.

The purpose of this paper is to utilise a “Wuli-Shili-Renli (WSR)” system approach to create models for complex smart building energy management and evaluate the establishment of a building energy management platform.

The complexity and diversity of the data and demands of the energy management platform mean that it is necessary to analyse comprehensively. This paper uses a WSR system approach to handle, and optimise, the relationship between demands and participants and improve the whole platform. Then, this paper establishes comprehensive evaluation models to analysis the current energy management platforms by using the best integration platform as the baseline.

The WSR conceptual model clarifies the relationship between the elements and elements of the energy management platform clearly and provides the appropriate analytical methods with which to resolve key platform construction issues. The comprehensive evaluation based on a WSR system approach can take into account the systematic effect, so it is more accurate.

The correlation degree between the layers of the energy management platform is rarely reflected.

This paper improves the modelling method used in the WSR system approach and demonstrates that the comprehensive evaluation based on the WSR system approach analyses the energy management platform for public buildings in a synthetic approach.

The purpose of this study is to investigate structure parameters that influence the mixing process of droplets-gas in underwater depth-adjustable launcher cooling chamber and help engineers who design the launcher to distinguish the most important factor that impacts mixing performance in the cooling chamber.

Euler–Lagrangian droplet tracking method was used to simulate droplets-gas mixing process in the cooling chamber. The SST k-w model was adopted to simulate turbulence. Droplet breakup was described by KHRT hybrid model using modified contains which are more fit to the supersonic main flow condition.

The results show the counter-rotating vortex pairs which caused by injected liquid accelerate the mixing process. High-pressure supersonic freestream makes the liquid jet break into more small droplets due to the high momentum of the main stream. Axial injection angle has the greatest influence on Sauter mean diameter (SMD). Penetration height, SMD and total pressure loss slightly change in different tangential injection conditions. However, mixedness decreases with reduction of tangential injection angle due to a more limited space for spray developing. Enlarging orifice diameter raises penetration and mixedness greatly, while SMD and total pressure loss increase slightly.

The findings of this study confirm the key structure parameter to improve mixing performance in the cooling chamber. Engineers who design the underwater depth-adjustable launcher can refer the findings in this study to make control of launching power more accurate.

Despite rapid growth in blockchains, there was limited discussion about non-technical and technical factors on blockchain governance in the extant literature. This study aims to contribute new knowledge to the literature on potential factors affecting the adoption, governance and scale-up of blockchain technologies in the health-care and energy sectors, presented in a holistic framework.

This study adopts the qualitative case study research methodology to research blockchain governance in practice. The authors contacted a national blockchain consortium to conduct their research on the governance issue of blockchain. Two leading case organizations, one from the health-care industry and another from the energy industry, were deliberately selected for their study for their active role and reputation in the consortium and practical experience in blockchain governance.

The developed framework helps identify potential research gaps or concerns on adopting a blockchain as well as assessing blockchain implementation and governance in other industries. Depending on the circumstances, some of the factors can be either drivers or obstacles to further blockchain development. The different forces may also be more or less evident over time as blockchains develop. The two real-world case studies contribute to the information technology governance literature on blockchain governance.

The results of this case studies will be beneficial for developing theories and empirical models to determine antecedents for achieving consensus and trust in blockchain and testing the relationship between these factors and blockchain governance at different levels. As a result, theories related to the governance of blockchain technologies could be further developed.

The inchworm actuator is widely applied in space industry. One of the major issues in space instrumentation is the reliability, especially under space thermal load. The purpose of this paper is to present a numerical calculation method for the inchworm actuator reliability with considering the effect of space temperature.

First, the structure of designed inchworm actuator is introduced, and the main failure reason is analyzed. Then the wear model is proposed with considering the space temperature, and an experiment device is designed to verify the wear model. Finally, the reliability calculation method is developed based on the working principle of the inchworm actuator.

The numerical calculation method can be applied to calculate the reliability of the inchworm actuator with considering the space temperature. And the results provide a new perspective to discuss the influences of the temperature and driving voltage on the reliability of inchworm actuators.

This work presents a reliability calculation method of inchworm actuators with considering the space temperature.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the injection angle α on the spray structures of an air-blast atomizer and help enhance the understanding of droplet-gas mixing process in such atomizers in the engineering domain.

The phenomena in the air-blast atomizer were numerically modelled using the computational fluid dynamics software Fluent 17.2. The Euler-Lagrange approach was applied to model the droplet tracking and droplet-gas interaction in studied cases. The standard k-ε model was used to simulate the turbulent flow. A model with a modified drag coefficient was used to consider the effects of the bending of the liquid column and its penetration in the primary breakup region. The Kelvin-Helmholtz, Rayleigh-Taylor model was applied to consider the secondary breakup of the droplets.

The basic spatial distribution and spray structures of the droplets corresponding to the angled liquid jet (α = 60°) were similar to those reported in liquid jets injected transversely into a gaseous crossflow studies. The injection angle α did not considerably influence the averaged Sauter to mean diameter (SMD) of the cross-sections. However, the spray structures pertaining to α = 30°, α = 60° and α = 90° were considerably different. In the case of the atomizer with multiple injections, a “collision region” was observed at α = 60° and characterized by a higher ci and larger averaged SMD in the central parts of the cross-sections.

The injection angle α is a key design parameter for air-blast atomizers. The findings of this study can help enhance the understanding of the droplet-gas mixing process in air-blast atomizers. Engineers who design air-blast atomizers and face new challenges in the process can refer to the presented findings to obtain the desired atomization performance. The code has been validated and can be used in the engineering design process of the gas-liquid jet atomizer.