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This chapter outlines the role of vision-specific service providers for young children with visual impairments. The responsibilities of teachers of students with visual impairments (TVIs) and orientation and mobility (O&M) specialists in special education programming for young children with visual impairments are overviewed. Basic information about the signs and symptoms of eye conditions that commonly occur during the early childhood years are presented. Commonly used assessments and instructional methods for working with young children who are visually impaired are discussed. Additionally, there is an emphasis on the critical aspect of family involvement during these early childhood years and suggested resources are provided.

The aim of this chapter is to present in a pedagogical way the main digital tools used by tourism-related businesses, especially by hospitality businesses. The main purpose of this chapter is to illustrate our discussion with concrete examples and to give a set of advices for efficient use of those tools.

Literature review was conducted on conceptual issues, as well as managerial and marketing aspects of digital tools, their value and use in the hospitality industry.

This chapter highlights the fact that needs in terms of digitalisation depend on the size of the hotel. The main differences can be explained by differences in terms of hotel capacity, and digital technologies should be customised to different types of structures.

This chapter is exploratory in nature, based on a literature review.

It provides clear and practical guidance about the way independent hospitality businesses could use digital tools for marketing purposes. It also suggests the most efficient digital technologies to improve their performance in the field of marketing and customer relationship management.

The chapter demonstrates the huge gap between best practices in the hospitality industry and the way independent enterprises really use, in practice, the digital tools for marketing purposes. It shows how digital technologies could be used in a more efficient way, to take advantage of their full potential.

This study explores how young, adult millennials address a series of tensions between autonomy and conformity issues in different situations. The main finding is how consumers negotiate to release tension by combining and adapting culturally established fashion discourses to achieve their objective at a satisfactory level. The research describes six photos of three participant-observers in “dress-down” and “dress-up” occasions. The study applies a confirmatory personal introspection (CPI) method (including visual auto-driving and member checks) to analyze fashion discourses. The main findings include tension descriptions when the hegemonic look is not the one that the consumer expected according to the situation. Through this tension consumers choose between conformity and autonomy. Consumers often express resistance to dominant fashion norms and negotiate key existential tensions. The study contributes to (McCracken, G. (2008). Transformations. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.) post-modern transformation proposals and builds from Goffman's (1959) presentation of self in everyday life – the self is indeed porous and encourages excursions in and out as McCracken (2008) suggests.

This chapter seeks to present a limited overview of some aspects of manipulated and/or fake images that contribute to society ‘becoming post-truth’. It subclassifies levels of manipulation and also presents the finding from a descriptive survey that gauges perceptions on awareness and recognisability of fake images. It also presents perceptions of effect on individuals of images modified for aesthetic reasons and carried by social media. The majority of respondents seemed affected by this, but with only a minority whose perception of self was affected. Another result of the survey is that there is a general mistrust of images not carried by gatekept sources.

The study applies a multimodal approach to position aesthetic innovation, i.e., the strategic use of aesthetic design attributes, such as color and shape, as an institutionalized aspect of competition, rather than as a firm-specific differentiation strategy, in settings that favor the symbolic meanings of products. Empirically, the study offers a detailed case study of the personal computer (PC) industry to examine the institutionalization of aesthetic innovation as a dimension of competition across industrial firms. The study examines the color and shape of PCs over the 1992–2003 period and situates changes to these attributes in the competitive conditions that characterized the industry, paying particular attention to the introduction of the Apple iMac in 1998. Furthermore, it examines the discursive manifestations of aesthetic innovation by content analysis of reviews of PCs and interviews with industry executives. Findings demonstrate that, in a period coinciding with a decline in demand for PCs and an overall mature market as well as with the introduction of the iMac, the majority of firms engaged in aesthetic innovation and used a greater number of aesthetic words in describing their PCs.

Academic library web sites contain a vast amount of content, often contributed by a large number of content creators with varying levels of technical expertise. The Penn State University Libraries site contains almost 10,000 pages contributed by over 200 content creators from all areas of the Libraries.

In October 2011, in response to a complaint filed against Penn State by the National Federation of the Blind, the University Libraries agreed to comply with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 AA within a year to ensure that the web site would be accessible to all Libraries’ users.

This chapter describes how the Libraries developed a remediation plan; engaged content authors in the Libraries’ accessibility effort; implemented new content roles and workflow to ensure web accessibility and how they continue to actively measure and maintain the accessibility of web site content.

This chapter will be useful to Libraries committed to making their web content accessible to all users.