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The application of user involvement in the design and implementation of research has progressed through various frameworks and is an increasingly recognized and expected as a key element of ethical research methodologies. The practice of engaging users (the public, patients, service recipients, etc.) beyond the traditional scope of subject, and elevating their role as partner or co-designer of the research process, is theoretically rooted in civil rights and social justice ideologies. The success of these types of models are influenced by various factors including the people involved, their capacities and values; the physical and funding environment in which the research occurs and the approaches used to engage. In theory, user involved research is most successful when the people, approaches and environment are genuinely interested and centralized around inclusive methods that posit that populations researched have the right to contribute to research done and researchers have the ethical responsibility to engage them using measurable strategies. User involved research frameworks have the potential to create a space that both values and uplifts historically marginalized voices, while touting the demonstrated advantage of improved effectiveness in research outcomes and implications. Yet there exists a dissonance between theory and practice in the field, due to a lack of consistent understanding, practices and standards tied to the approach.

In this chapter, to explore the past and understand the present scenario in financial market, a comprehensive literature review (LR) is performed, in which 809 articles from the database of Scopus for the last 10 years are extracted and analyzed using VOSviewer software for bibliometric analysis. Citation analysis of the popular identified factors is highlighted that will help the future researchers to focus on the identified popular factors for research in the financial market. The chapter also presents a conceptual model of financial market, to uncover the future of financial markets.

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are living up to their claims as consumers choose them more frequently. The increasing demand for sustainable vehicles translates into the global need for specific components, materials, and infrastructures and drives the regulatory frameworks in each country. While BEVs offer environmental benefits and global business opportunities, the technology has not yet gained mainstream acceptance. Thus, this work aims to investigate the characteristics of BEV users and their role in the diffusion of products to larger segments, as this may vary from country to country. For this purpose, a survey based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT-2) (Venkatesh et al., 2012) framework and structural equation modeling (SmartPLS) was adopted. The results indicated that, except for the constructs of effort expectancy (EE) and social influence (SI), the predictors in the model performed well in this context. Current users are satisfied with their vehicles and are supportive of BEVs in the future. The analysis also revealed that in addition to the availability of financial resources, early adopters are attracted by new technologies in a way that leads them to make decisions outside of the traditional influence of the other members of society. It is suggested to leverage the perceived benefits of status, differentiation, or uniqueness motives, to appeal to those seeking to appear trendy and tech-savvy in society. Companies and policymakers should acknowledge the peculiarities of early customers in their communication strategies to reach a wider audience around the globe and encourage the adoption of BEV technology.