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Reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting‐edge research and case studies.

Scans the top 400 management publications in the world to identify the most topical issues and latest concepts. These are presented in an easy‐to‐digest briefing of no more than 1,500 words.

Major technology advances have long since enabled us to “see” beyond the limits of visible light. Yet, while X‐rays, ultraviolet light and near infrared radiation have all been exploited, one potentially important region of the electromagnetic spectrum – between infra red and microwaves – has remained relatively unexplored; terahertz radiation, or t‐rays.

Provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world's leading organizations.

The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy‐to digest format.

This paper describes the discovery of waveguides capable of transmitting electromagnetic radiation at terahertz (THz) frequencies. Until now this has not been possible, despite extensive research.

The discovery was made by a research group at Rice University whilst working on apertureless, near‐field THz microscopy. By chance, the group found that bare metal wires are capable of transmitting THz radiation to and from remote samples with virtually no dispersion and little attenuation.

This discovery allows THz waves to be taken directly to and from the source and detector and eliminates the need for objects to be positioned directly in the THz beam. It also overcomes problems associated with shock and vibration. Subsequently, the group used this phenomenon to develop the world's first prototype THz‐frequency endoscope, which was used to examine a glass flask.

The availability of THz waveguides will allow many new applications to be realised. A major use is expected to be security, where systems could be used for checking passengers and baggage at airports, etc. for concealed weapons, drugs and explosives. Uses in product quality control and healthcare are also anticipated.

Discusses recent progress in technology based on electromagnetic radiation at terahertz frequencies. Considers recent corporate activities and describes technological developments with applications in the physical and life sciences.

The purpose of this paper is to review recent developments in the sensing of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than those of visible light.

Following a short introduction, this paper discusses recent research into the sensing of infra‐red (IR), terahertz (THz) and microwave radiation.

It is shown that novel sensors are being developed for all of these classes of EMR. Improved IR sensors are attracting strong interest from the military, novel THz sensor developments reflect the growing uses of this radiation and research into cosmology and astronomy are driving the development of highly sensitive microwave sensors.

The paper provides a technical review of recent research into sensing IR, THz and microwave radiations.

This paper aims to provide a technical insight into a selection of recent developments and applications involving terahertz sensing technology.

Following an introduction, the first part of this paper considers a selection of research activities involving terahertz radiation sources and detectors. The second part seeks to illustrate how the technology is exerting a commercial impact and discusses a number of product developments and applications.

Terahertz sensing is a rapidly developing field and a strong body of research seeks to develop sources and detectors with enhanced features which often exploit novel materials, phenomena and technologies. Commercialisation is gathering pace, and a growing number of companies are producing terahertz sensing and imaging products which are finding a diversity of applications.

This provides details of recent research, product developments and applications involving terahertz sensing technology.

The purpose of this paper is to present capabilities of terahertz imaging technology in case of various composite materials and to propose a new defect detection algorithm.

This paper first discusses an applicability of the terahertz technique in composite materials inspection. It then describes source of terahertz radiation (photoconductive antenna) and general structure of terahertz time domain imaging system. Next the terahertz imaging results of composite anticorrosion coating, glass‐ and carbon‐fiber‐reinforced laminates are presented. Then the signal processing and identification scheme based on time domain A‐scan signal equalization and C‐scan thresholding is presented. Data processed in this way are parameterized and defect identification database is prepared. The proposed procedure is verified using the exemplary inspection results of glass‐fiber laminate delamination. Finally, some comparison of terahertz time domain inspection with low energy digital radiography is presented.

This paper shows terahertz imaging as a well‐suited technique for composite structures inspection. The terahertz imaging results of composite anticorrosion coating, glass‐ and carbon‐fiber‐reinforced laminates are presented. An application of proposed signal processing algorithm enables accurate defects detection and effective data collection for identification database purpose.

The paper provides an insight into the potential of terahertz imaging of various composite structures. Proposed signal processing and defects detection scheme is applicable to wide range of composite structures.

The purpose of this paper is to provide details of recent developments in terahertz (THz) imaging technology and its applications.

This paper first discusses the properties, perceived imaging uses and sources of THz radiation. It then describes passive and active imaging systems through reference to commercial products and their applications. Finally, it considers future prospects and key technological developments.

This paper shows that the commercialisation of passive and active imaging systems has been gradual but uses are emerging in a range of security, material testing and healthcare applications. Market development has been hindered in part by the high cost of systems and certain technological and operational limitations. Research which aims to overcome these problems is widespread and much involves the development of improved sources and detectors.

The paper provides a detailed insight into the present state of THz imaging technology and its applications and identifies and describes critical technological developments.

To review recent developments in machine vision hardware and techniques, as revealed in the Image Processing and Optical Technology Exhibition, 2006.

Different sections of the paper examine new cameras and their interfacing, smart cameras with DSP processors, a powerful framegrabber, high intensity light emitting diode (LED) lighting, and developments in teraherz sources and detection.

Smart cameras now exist with greater processing speed than a PC. A new generic programming interface aims to ease the incompatibilities of digital cameras. Water cooling has produced a very intense and long life LED light, and a novel goniophotometer has no moving parts. Rapid advances are occurring in the field of terahertz imaging.

Provides an update on machine vision technology for scientists and engineers generally, and a source of contact information for specialists to follow up where necessary.

The proposed metamaterial absorber (MMA) has the following advantages: first, the structure of the MMA consists of one planar metallic resonator, which presents a new design approach to obtain a multiband absorption response, rather than using multiple unit-cells in the one large unit cell or stacking different layers. Second, the simultaneous realization of triple-band and dual-band absorption (or bi-functional absorption) at five different frequencies can integrate the respective advantages of the triple functions of the triple-band MMA and double-band MMA, and therefore, the bi-functional MMA will find more application prospects than multiple-functional devices of triple-band and dual-band. Third, the authors simulated the three combinations of MMA here, which is indium tin oxide (ITO)-Polyimide-ITO, ITO-Teflon-ITO and ITO-polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-ITO for the same planar structure and achieve a high absorption rate. Finally, the proposed structure is polarization and angle independent in nature.

This absorption device consists of the top circular resonator, the middle insulating SiO₂ medium layer and the bottom metallic copper ground plane placed on a substrate. The conductivity of the copper metal is s = 5.8 × 10⁷ s/m. As the transmission of the MMA structure is zero, the substrate materials can be selected randomly. Totally four combinations of terahertz MMA are designed and simulated here which are ITO- SiO₂ –ITO, ITO-Polyimide-ITO, ITO-Teflon-ITO and ITO- PET-ITO for the same planar structure.

Compared with previous MMAs, the proposed MMA has the following advantages: First, the structure of the MMA consists of one planar metallic resonator, which presents a new design approach to obtain a multiband absorption response, rather than using multiple unit-cells in the one large unit cell or stacking different layers. Second, the simultaneous realization of triple-band and dual-band absorption (or bi-functional absorption) at five different frequencies can integrate the respective advantages of the triple functions of the triple-band MMA and double-band MMA, and therefore, the bi-functional MMA will find more application prospects than multiple-functional devices of triple-band and dual-band. Third, the authors simulated the three combinations of MMA here, which is ITO-polyimide-ITO, ITO-Teflon-ITO and ITO- PET-ITO for the same planar structure and achieve a high absorption rate. Finally, the proposed structure is polarization and angle independent in nature.

First, the structure of the MMA consists of one planar metallic resonator, which presents a new design approach to obtain a multiband absorption response, rather than using multiple unit-cells in the one large unit cell or stacking different layers. Second, the simultaneous realization of triple-band and dual-band absorption (or bi-functional absorption) at five different frequencies can integrate the respective advantages of the triple functions of the triple-band MMA and double-band MMA, and therefore, the bi-functional MMA will find more application prospects than multiple-functional devices of triple-band and dual-band. Third, the authors simulated the three combinations of MMA here, which is ITO-polyimide-ITO, ITO-Teflon-ITO and ITO-PET-ITO for the same planar structure and achieve a high absorption rate. Finally, the proposed structure is polarization and angle independent in nature.