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In this chapter, the authors review the concept of sustainable entrepreneurship and how it has evolved with increasing concerns about the environmental and social impact of business firms. The authors offer a background to the emergence of sustainability issues in the field of entrepreneurship research, and review a number of influential approaches to entrepreneurship that in various combinations address the relationships between the economic, environmental, and social dimensions of business. The authors further suggest three levels at which entrepreneurs can understand and assess their approach to sustainable entrepreneurship, highlight how the issue of sustainable entrepreneurship applies equally to startups and already established corporations, and in the conclusions point toward the emergence of humane entrepreneurship as a critical posture for entrepreneurship in the 21st century.

This chapter elucidates the significance of innovation in fostering green entrepreneurship and cultivating a resilient, eco-friendly economy. It underscores the three categories of innovation available to green entrepreneurs: product innovation, process innovation, and business model innovation. These avenues empower green entrepreneurs to craft sustainable products and services, enhance operational efficiency, and establish novel markets for eco-friendly goods and services. This chapter also explores green entrepreneurs’ challenges, including lack of funding, limited market demand, and regulatory barriers, provides strategies to overcome these challenges, and discusses the role of public–private partnerships (PPPs) and cross-sector collaboration in promoting green entrepreneurship and sustainable development. It also highlights the benefits of these collaborations, such as access to funding and resources, technical expertise, market development, networks, collaboration, and shared knowledge and expertise. Finally, this chapter emphasizes that green entrepreneurship can be supported through partnerships that combine the strengths and resources of multiple sectors, such as the government, private industry, non-profits, and academia. Ultimately, this chapter provides a roadmap for green entrepreneurs to overcome challenges and leverage collaborations to create sustainable products and services, improve efficiency, and develop new markets for sustainable goods and services.

This study aims to understand the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies (self-efficacy and social capital) and sustainable entrepreneurship and its incidence through entrepreneurial motivations (opportunity and necessity entrepreneurship).

The authors adopt a quantitative approach and use ordinary least squares regressions and bootstrapping analysis to test the hypotheses about the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and sustainable entrepreneurship mediated by entrepreneurial motivations using a cross-sectional sample of 2,356 nascent entrepreneurs from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor 2021–2022 report.

Evidence suggests that sustainable entrepreneurship is positively influenced by both opportunity- and necessity-driven entrepreneurship. Additionally, the results show that both entrepreneurial motivations positively mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and sustainable entrepreneurship.

The approach departs from the traditional unidimensional perspective on entrepreneurial motivations, recognizing that an entrepreneur can simultaneously embody varying degrees of both motivations. By integrating the study of entrepreneurial competencies and motivations into sustainable entrepreneurship, we can gain a holistic understanding of the dynamics at play.

El objetivo de este estudio es comprender la relación entre las competencias emprendedoras (autoeficacia y capital social) con el emprendimiento sostenible y su incidencia a través de las motivaciones emprendedoras (emprendimiento por oportunidad y por necesidad).

Adoptamos un enfoque cuantitativo y utilizamos regresiones de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios (MCO) y análisis de bootstrapping para probar nuestras hipótesis sobre la relación entre las competencias emprendedoras y el emprendimiento sostenible mediado por las motivaciones emprendedoras utilizando una muestra transversal de 2.356 emprendedores nacientes del informe Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2021–2022.

La evidencia sugiere que tanto el emprendimiento de oportunidad como el de necesidad tienen un impacto positivo en el emprendimiento sostenible. Además, encontramos que ambas motivaciones emprendedoras median positivamente la relación entre la autoeficacia y el emprendimiento sostenible.

Nuestro enfoque se aleja de la tradicional perspectiva unidimensional de las motivaciones emprendedoras, reconociendo que un emprendedor puede encarnar simultáneamente diversos grados de ambas motivaciones. Al integrar el estudio de las competencias y motivaciones emprendedoras en el emprendimiento sostenible, obtenemos una comprensión holística de la dinámica en juego.

Este artigo tem como objetivo compreender a relação entre as competências empreendedoras (autoeficácia e capital social), e o empreendedorismo sustentável e sua incidência por meio de motivações empreendedoras (empreendedorismo de oportunidade e necessidade).

Adotamos uma abordagem quantitativa e usamos regressões de mínimos quadrados ordinários (OLS) e análise de bootstrapping para testar nossas hipóteses sobre a relação entre competências empresariais e empreendedorismo sustentável mediada por motivações empresariais usando uma amostra transversal de 2.356 empreendedores nascentes do relatório Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2021–2022.

As evidências sugerem que o empreendedorismo sustentável é influenciado positivamente pelo empreendedorismo orientado pela oportunidade e pela necessidade. Além disso, os resultados mostram que ambas as motivações empresariais mediam positivamente a relação entre a autoeficácia e o empreendedorismo sustentável.

Nossa abordagem se afasta da perspectiva unidimensional tradicional sobre as motivações empresariais, reconhecendo que um empreendedor pode incorporar simultaneamente vários graus de ambos os ases motivações. Ao integrar o estudo das competências e motivações empresariais ao empreendedorismo sustentável, obtemos uma compreensão holística da dinâmica em jogo.

This paper aims to explain the occurrence of sustainable entrepreneurship in the underresearched sub-Saharan Africa context and to improve the understanding of how effectuation manifests in this context.

This study uses a qualitative research approach based on multiple case studies. Responses were sourced from owners, employees, suppliers, the community and customers of sustainable entrepreneurial firms. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews, document reviews and observations. The Gioia analytical approach was used.

Overall, the authors find the concept of effectuation to be well-suited to capturing the processes through which individuals with limited means seek to engage in sustainable entrepreneurship. The authors also identify three pervasive practices that are key to understanding effectuation in the developing country context: complementation of indigenous knowledge with modern science, compassion and pluriactivity.

This study underscores the importance of co-creation, diversification of revenue sources and the role of emotional awareness and interpersonal skills in entrepreneurial endeavors.

This study, therefore, contributes new knowledge about the mechanisms through which entrepreneurs faced with resource constraints use control as opposed to prediction strategies to exploit sustainable entrepreneurship opportunities. In so doing, this study contributes to entrepreneurship theory by proposing the integration of cognitive and affective dimensions in realizing sustainable entrepreneurship goals.

Even though sustainable entrepreneurship has increasingly received researchers’ attention in recent years, the topic remains rather under-researched in natural resources’ rich Gulf countries such as Oman. Hence, this paper aims to fill this gap in the literature and, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is one of the first attempts to assess the state of sustainable entrepreneurship development in Oman from a multi-stakeholder perspective.

This paper uses a qualitative research approach where in-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 12 respondents representing relevant stakeholders of sustainable entrepreneurship development in Oman. The interviewees included four sustainable entrepreneurs, four policymakers and four educationists representing entrepreneurial skills development institutes in Oman.

This papers’ findings highlight that despite some positive improvements, several critical challenges remain, which hinder sustainable entrepreneurship development. The authors further found the role of FinTech to be critical in this concern by all stakeholders, though its usage and acceptance remain low. Also, the costs associated with the post-carbon (sustainable) economy and different profitability evolution have resulted in a slow change in the policy development in this concern. From an educational (skills development) perspective, a lack of context-specific training programmes and culture-based hesitations appeared to be hindering achieving sustainable entrepreneurship possibilities in Oman. The nascent entrepreneurial ecosystem, bureaucracy and lack of human capital (attraction as well as retention) appeared to be significant challenges for entrepreneurs. Finally, the findings highlighted the need for cross-sector collaboration with clear benchmarks for effective policy development concerning sustainable entrepreneurship in Oman.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first academic study explicitly highlighting the state of sustainable entrepreneurship in Oman by incorporating the development initiatives as well as the major challenges in the analysis. Secondly, this study is also a pioneering work specifying the interlinkage between financing (FinTech), policy initiatives and skills development and the development of a sustainable entrepreneurship ecosystem in an under-researched context of Oman. Finally, the transition to a sustainable economy is challenging in natural resources’ dependent economies like Oman, as it needs to be supported by the mindset change in the larger society (legitimacy). In this concern, this paper, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is one of the first academic endeavours to also specify the role of legitimacy from the perspective of different stakeholders (and larger society) for sustainable entrepreneurship development in such contexts.

This paper aims to examine the antecedents of green entrepreneurship intention (GEI) amongst tourism and hospitality higher education students and further explores the effect of green entrepreneurship intention on sustainable development (SD). It also investigates the mediating role of GEI in the relationship between the antecedents of GEI and SD in students' future tasks in tourism and hospitality.

Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze data collected via an online questionnaire from 970 tourism and hospitality universities' students in Egypt, either undergraduate or postgraduate.

The results show that green entrepreneurship intention is positively affected by attitude, subjective norms, environmental education, risk aversion, self-efficacy and environmental values. The results also revealed that green entrepreneurship intention is a significant driver for sustainable development. Moreover, the findings revealed that GEI mediates the link between the antecedents of GEI and SD.

The results offer highly persuasive insights that may be used to promote GEI and SD among tourism and hospitality students. The effectiveness of GEI in achieving SD will motivate government and educational institutions to develop GEI for university students. This study will assist policymakers in developing a novel strategy, providing a contribution to the green behavior literature in an emerging context.

The field of the green entrepreneur is uncharted and still in its infancy. As a result, further research is needed in the literature to better understand green entrepreneurship intention. Enhancing tourism and hospitality students' green entrepreneurial intentions will help the economy expand sustainably in the future because they are the entrepreneurs of tomorrow. The findings hold important implications for both the research community and tourism education and business management.

Entrepreneurship is a mechanism that generates economic benefits. However, due to the emergence of the concept of sustainable development as an urgent issue that is affecting the globe, it is emphasized that entrepreneurship should generate sustainable wealth rather than just wealth. Therefore, the sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) notion has received rising interest lately. Nowadays, many business organizations in the Balkan region are moving toward sustainable solutions and there is a need to share knowledge on the best practices of SE. This chapter provides a detailed description of sustainable entrepreneurship drivers and outcomes with a focus on the challenges and perspectives of sustainable entrepreneurship in North Macedonia (NM). The case of Ecolog discussed in the chapter is an excellent example of its leadership in sustainable entrepreneurship and its positive impact on the community and wider. Lessons from challenges and best practices of sustainable ventures in NM are provided together with suggestions for these practices to be adopted in other countries associated with the actions required for implementation.

This research aims to forecast university students' intentions to contribute to sustainable entrepreneurship (SE) in an emerging market. The study observed the factors influencing students’ sustainable entrepreneurial intentions (SEI) using an extended theory of planned behaviour (TPB).

A survey was conducted utilising an online questionnaire with a total of 332 college students in Gujarat, India. Partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data.

The outcome of the present research sanctions that university support strongly impacts perceived behavioural control (PBC) and negatively affects attitudes towards sustainable entrepreneurship (ATT). The findings revealed that environmental concern positively influences students' attitudes and perceived behavioural control towards sustainable entrepreneurship. Whereas sustainable development goals knowledge (SDGK) negatively impacts attitude and PBC. Out of the three key factors of TPB used in the study, only the subjective norm negatively affects SEI among the respondents.

This research may be valuable to academicians and environmental strategists in determining the most essential elements that drive students to create sustainable firms. The findings of this study back up the assumption that TPB adaptation is required when assessing entrepreneurship-specific intents.

The current research aimed to regulate students' entrepreneurial intention (EI) in Gujarat, India, concerning a sustainable enterprise. This research appears to be one of the extremely scarce studies that utilise the extended TPB model to investigate the effect of university support (US), environmental concern (EC) and SDGK in the context of India.