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The purpose of this study is to explore the role of entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial education on students’ intention to become entrepreneurs through the theory of planned behaviour and the mediating effect of subjective norms on the relationship between entrepreneurial education and students’ entrepreneurial intentions.

A total of 257 students in the Higher Institute of Management at Gabès University participated in this study by means of a questionnaire. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.

Subjective norm was found to be the strongest predictor of student’s entrepreneurial intentions followed by entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial education. Moreover, the findings revealed that the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions was mediated by subjective norm.

It is expected that the findings of this study can help policy makers, researchers and academicians in better understanding the intentions of nascent entrepreneurs.

This study is one of the few studies that have empirically tested the indirect effects of entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurship education on students’ entrepreneurial intentions using the theory of planned behaviour in developing countries, particularly in Arab countries. The results suggest that subjective norms mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions of students. It is an unexplored issue to date, and helps to understand how and why entrepreneurial intentions emerge.

Megaprojects have large impact on the environment and stakeholders should take collective action to ensure that these projects are developed in a socially responsible manner. Hitherto, it is not known whether group and subjective norms and social identity could compel stakeholders to take socially responsible collective actions in megaprojects. The aim of this study is to design and test a model to boost stakeholders' intention to take socially responsible collective action in the context of mega water transfer projects in China.

A quasi-experimental causal research design was adopted to establish cause–effect relationships among the dependent variable (we-intention) and independent variables (subjective norms, group norms, social identity and desire). This study adopts the belief–desire–intention model and social influence theory to empirically investigate how to boost the stakeholders' intention to participate in socially responsible collective action. An online questionnaire survey was conducted and data was collected from 365 respondents who were involved in mega water transfer projects in China. The partial least squares structural equation modeling technique was employed to analyze the data.

The results from partial least squares analyses indicate that the presence of subjective norms, group norms and social identity (collectively known as social influence process) could increase stakeholders' intention to take socially responsible collective action. In addition, the desire to be socially responsible also boosts stakeholders' intention to take collective action. Desire partially mediates the relationship between social influence process and intention to take socially responsible collective action.

This study adds to existing knowledge by discovering social influence process as an antecedent to taking socially responsible collective action in megaprojects. Strong group norms and subjective norms could propel stakeholders to be more socially responsible. The study also adds to knowledge by discovering that stakeholders' desire to fulfill social responsibility also leads them to take concrete actions. Implications and recommendations are provided on how to manipulate different types of social influence processes to facilitate stakeholders to adopt socially responsible collective action in the process of managing megaprojects.

This study aims to examine the factors influencing Filipinos’ intention to adopt mobile wallets to pay social health insurance premiums.

The authors used an integrative model framework using the key indicators from the lenses of the technology acceptance model, the unified theory of acceptance and usage of technology model 2 and the theory of planned behavior with trust serving as a mediator. The sample size was calculated using an inverse square root ratio composed of 624 survey participants purposively identified across selected cities in the Philippines. The formulated hypotheses were examined using partial least squares structural equation modeling and deep learning–based artificial neural networks.

The results substantiate this study’s integrative model explaining the positive influence and relative importance of perceived usefulness, habit and subjective norms in developing trust in mobile wallet applications. Moreover, health insurance literacy, subjective norms and trust positively and significantly drive individuals’ intentions to adopt mobile wallets as a payment platform for social health insurance premiums. The mediation analysis also exemplified that trust positively mediates the influences of technology acceptance factors such as perceived usefulness, habit and subjective norms in the intention of individuals to adopt mobile wallet applications in social health insurance payment of premiums.

This study is a pioneering study in the Philippine context that used an integrative model to predict and explain the relative importance of predictors of Filipino intentions to adopt mobile wallets as a payment platform for social health insurance premiums.

This study empirically investigates whether and how boycott attitudes and subjective norms influence the impact of the perceived behavioral control of boycotts on boycott intention.

To test our hypotheses, we perform a hierarchical linear regression analysis using data from Japanese (n = 500) and South Koreans (n = 571).

Boycott attitudes strengthen the positive effect of perceived behavioral control on boycott intentions for Japanese and South Koreans. Contrary to our assumptions, while the direct impact of perceived behavioral control on boycott intention is not significant, there is a negative moderating effect of subjective norms for Japanese consumers.

We argue that when perceived behavioral control is evident in boycotts, consumers listen more to themselves than to others. Our cross-national analysis of actual boycott campaigns is the first study on boycott research to offer implications for the interaction effects among the three key antecedents of psychological motivation factors in the theory of planned behavior.

This study aims to validate the impact of waiting staff’s attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control on customer dissuasion from over-ordering and identify their antecedents using an extended theory of planned behaviour.

We selected three categories of restaurants (30 in total, including fine dining, casual dining, and fast food) in Macao and Zhuhai (China) for conducting the survey using a purposive sampling approach. The respondents were waiting staff who took customers’ orders in the past three months. In total, 393 valid responses were used for a structural-equation-modelling analysis.

The results show that restaurant waiting staff’s attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control have positive effects on their intention to dissuade customers from over-ordering. Our study further reveals that perceived behavioural control is far more influential than attitudes and subjective norms on restaurant employees’ intentions to intervene with over-ordering. We also validate seven antecedents, including environmental concern and communication for attitudes, peer influence, supervisor influence, and organisational support for subjective norms, and self-efficacy and training for perceived behavioural control.

The food-waste literature tends to focus on consumers in home and restaurant settings and has paid scarce attention to the role of restaurant waiting staff in intervening in consumers’ waste behaviours. We fill in this research gap by revealing a formation mechanism for waiting staff’s intention to dissuade over-ordering.

The purpose of this study is to further validate and extend the unified model of information security policy compliance (UMISPC) developed by Moody et al. (2018).

To be able to compare the results of this study and those reported by Moody et al. (2018) (and followers), the same quantitative data collection method (questionnaire) and variable measurement instruments were used. Specifically, questionnaire data were collected from a department within a Swedish governmental organization comprising 150 employees. Of these, 90 answered the questionnaire which rendered a response rate of 60%. Following Moody et al. (2018), the collected data were analyzed by means of structural equation modeling.

This study generally provides empirical support for the original UMISPC as a large majority of the findings are in line with those reported by Moody et al. (2018). However, it also suggests important differences and boundary conditions.

This study extends the original study of Moody et al. (2018) and subsequent replication studies by testing it in a new national/organizational context. Based on their call for future research, it also develops and empirically tests the effects of a new, socially visible information system security violation scenario. Related to this, this study also revisits the role of the variable subjective norms for better understanding employee non-/compliance to information security policies by suggesting that their effects may be indirect (i.e. running through other variables in the UMISPC) rather than direct.

Environmental and health concerns are considered the most significant motivations for organic food purchasing behaviour (OFP). This study focuses on the roles of health and environmental concerns in OFP in China, aiming to explore whether there are differences in the effects and mechanisms of these two concerns.

We use the PLS-SEM to conduct empirical tests, drawing from survey data collected from 628 Chinese consumers.

The results showed that the OFP was influenced differently by health and environmental concerns. Specifically, the total effect of environmental concern on OFP outweighs that of health concern, whereas the opposite is true for direct impacts. Additionally, environmental and health concerns can influence OFP through attitude and subjective norms, although the specific mechanisms vary. Environmental concern affects OFP more through subjective norms, whereas health concern affects OFP mainly through attitude. Meanwhile, functional value quality was a significant moderator that enhanced the indirect effect of motivation on OFP.

A theoretical framework is constructed to explore the role of two types of motivations in OFP within emerging economies like China, revealing their mechanism and interaction effect with functional values.

The purpose of this study is to explore the complex interplay between technology, personal norms and emotional factors in shaping the sustainable housing choices of millennials in emerging economies. It integrates the model of goal-directed behavior, technology acceptance model and norm activation model, incorporating both self-interest and prosocial motivations. Key adaptations involve replacing perceived behavioral control with financial self-efficacy and substituting hedonic motivation for anticipated positive emotions. Moreover, it introduces location as a practical anchor.

A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive research design was used in this study. Data were gathered from a sample of 610 millennial residential real estate investors across Indian smart cities. A multistage stratified sampling technique was used to ensure a representative sample. For data analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling was used. The analysis focused on hypothesis testing to examine the relationships between the constructs of interest. Bootstrap t-values and effect sizes were used to assess the significance and magnitude of these relationships, respectively.

One of the key findings of this study was the establishment of significant positive relationships between awareness of consequences, ascription of responsibility and personal norms with behavioral intentions. This underscored the importance of personal ethical considerations in shaping intentions. Perceived usefulness and ease of use were found to significantly influence attitudes positively, highlighting the relevance of these factors in forming favorable attitudes toward behaviors. Attitude, subjective norms, financial self-efficacy and location played significant positive roles. However, negative anticipated emotions decreased desire. This illustrated the complex role emotions play in motivational processes. The study also revealed that subjective norms did not significantly contribute to shaping personal norms. This indicated a potential decoupling of societal expectations from personal ethical obligations in the decision-making process.

This study offers actionable insights for both policymakers and real estate developers. For policymakers, the findings highlight the need to craft initiatives that go beyond mere awareness, instead fostering a deep sense of personal responsibility and environmental stewardship among potential homebuyers. For real estate developers, the emphasis on financial self-efficacy and location suggests a strategy shift toward designing sustainable homes that not only meet environmental standards but also align with buyers’ financial confidence and geographic preferences. Together, these strategies can drive a more widespread adoption of sustainable housing, making sustainability a tangible and appealing choice for millennials.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this empirical research study was one of the first studies that contributed to the literature by integrating the model of goal-directed behavior, technology acceptance model and norm activation model. This study thus offered a nuanced understanding of the interplay between normative influences, usability perceptions, ethical considerations and emotions in the context of behavioral intentions.

There is paucity of research on the significant criteria that non-Muslims consider when purchasing halal cosmetics. Consequently, this paper aims to apply the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the health belief model (HBM) to investigate the effects of subjective norms (SN), perceived behavioural control (PBC), halal certification and health consciousness on attitude; as well as the impact of attitude on promoting the intention to purchase halal cosmetic products among non-Muslims.

Data collection involved the use of a web-based survey of 238 non-Muslim respondents that are resident in Malaysia, a south east Asian country reputed for being the global hub for halal products. The proposed model was evaluated using Smart PLS 3.3.5.

According to the structural model results, halal certification, health consciousness and SN have significant relationships with attitude. In addition, there are significant relationships between attitude, health consciousness, SN and the intention to purchase halal cosmetic products. In contrast, there is no correlation between halal certification, PBC and intention to purchase halal cosmetics. Furthermore, attitude significantly mediates the relationships between halal certification, SN, health consciousness and intention to purchase halal cosmetics. However, attitude did not significantly fulfil the role of a mediator in the relationship between PBC and intention to purchase halal cosmetic products.

The study findings provide valuable insights to companies targeting non-Muslim markets. The study findings contend how halal cosmetic production/marketing companies may customize their marketing activities based on social and health perspectives, thereby increasing the consumers’ social expectations and confidence in halal cosmetics production standards and guaranteeing safety to influence their attitudes and quickly penetrate the new market for non-Muslim consumers who make a relatively unexplored population.

This study aims to see the variables of customer satisfaction level, attractiveness of alternatives, subjective norms and level of religiosity of conventional bank customers in West Java and their effect on switching intentions.

A causality description technique with a quantitative approach is used in this research. The analytical technique used is partial least square-structural equation modeling with a sample of 320 respondents from conventional bank customers in West Java.

The results revealed that the level of customer satisfaction and subjective norms were in the medium category, whereas the level of alternative attractiveness, religiosity and switching intentions was in high level. The level of customer satisfaction harms switching intentions, whereas the level of alternative attractiveness and religiosity variables have a positive effect on switching intentions. In contrast, the subjective norm variable does not affect switching intentions. Therefore, customer satisfaction, the attractiveness of alternatives and religiosity are essential points to cause someone to have the intention to switch.

For stakeholders, especially the government or the Islamic banking industry, to improve the climate of the Islamic finance industry in Indonesia, in particular, to increase knowledge and insight from the public regarding the intention to switch conventional bank customers to Islamic banks.

The use of the religiosity variable as an independent variable on switching intentions is still rarely done. Hence, the authors combine this variable with customer satisfaction, alternative attractiveness and subjective norms. The update in this study also places conventional bank customers included in the millennial generation and generation Z categories who live in the province of West Java as research subjects.