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Considering Gen Z’s unique formative experience with social media, this study aims to apply the cue utilization theory to investigate the effects of social media policy as an organizational cue in attracting this cohort to hospitality and tourism (H&T) companies.

A 2 (policy frame: promotion/prevention) × 2 (policy boundary: distinct/permeable) experiment was conducted with 243 Gen Z H&T job seekers. ANCOVA analyses were performed to analyze the effects of policy frame and boundary on perceived organization attractiveness and pursuit intention, respectively.

This study found that when a company policy promoted social media usage, Gen Z job seekers reported higher attractiveness and pursuit intention in the distinct boundary condition. However, when a company’s social media policy emphasized a prevention frame, Gen Z job seekers reported a similar level of perceived attractiveness and pursuit intention, regardless of the policy boundary conditions.

This study addressed the literature gaps of limited research on the Gen Z workforce and the effects of social media policy on talent attraction. Based on the cue utilization theory, this study identified the policy clause combinations that generated positive recruitment impacts among Gen Z members. The study provided unique theoretical and practical implications for H&T managers to use social media policy as a novel and cost-effective tool to attract Gen Z talents.

考虑到 Z 世代在社交媒体方面的独特成长经历, 本研究借鉴了线索利用理论, 调查了社交媒体公司政策作为组织线索在吸引这一年轻人才群体加入酒店和旅游公司方面的影响。

本研究在 243 名 Z 世代潜在的酒店和旅游从业人员中进行了 2（政策框架：促进与预防）x 2（政策边界：明显与模糊）的实验。 通过一系列 2x2 ANCOVA 分析来确认政策框架和政策边界对Z 世代的劳动力在组织吸引力和求职意愿的影响。

研究结果表明, 当公司提倡在工作中使用社交媒体, Z世代潜在员工觉得有明显边界政策的公司 （相对于有模糊边界政策的公司）具有更高的吸引力和追求意愿。 然而, 当公司的社交媒体政策强调预防框架时, 无论政策边界如何界定, Z 世代潜在员工都表示相似的组织吸引力和求职意愿。

本研究从人才吸引的角度来填补了关于 Z 世代劳动力和社交媒体政策的研究空白。 基于线索利用理论, 该研究揭示了对 Z 世代成员产生积极招聘影响的政策条款组合。 该研究为酒店和旅游管理人员使用社交媒体政策作为吸引 Z 世代人才的新颖且具有成本效益的工具提供了独特的理论和实践意义。

Teniendo en cuenta la experiencia formativa única de la Generación Z con los medios sociales, este estudio aplica la teoría de la utilización de señales para investigar los efectos de la política de medios sociales como indicio organizativo para atraer a esta cohorte a las empresas de hostelería y turismo.

Se realizó un experimento de 2x2 (marco de la política: promoción vs prevención) x (límite de la política: distinto vs permeable) con 243 personas de la Generación Z en busca de empleo en hostelería y turismo. Se aplicaron análisis ANCOVA para analizar los efectos del marco de política y el límite en el atractivo percibido de la organización y la intención de búsqueda, respectivamente.

Este estudio descubrió que cuando la política de una empresa promovía el uso de los medios sociales, los solicitantes de empleo de la Generación Z declaraban un mayor atractivo y una mayor intención de búsqueda en la condición de límite diferenciado. Sin embargo, cuando la política de medios sociales de una empresa hacía hincapié en un marco de prevención, los solicitantes de empleo de la Generación Z informaron de un nivel similar de atractivo percibido e intención de búsqueda, independientemente de las condiciones de límite de la política.

Este estudio abordó las lagunas en la literatura debido a la investigación limitada sobre la fuerza laboral de la Generación Z y los efectos de las políticas de redes sociales en la atracción de talento. Basado en la teoría de utilización de señales, el estudio identificó las combinaciones de cláusulas de política que generaron impactos positivos en la contratación entre miembros de la Generación Z. El estudio proporcionó implicaciones teóricas y prácticas únicas para que los gerentes de hostelería y turismo utilicen las políticas de redes sociales como una herramienta novedosa y rentable para atraer talento de la Generación Z.

This paper offers an empirical overview of European emergency managers' institutional arrangements and guidelines for using social media in risk and crisis communication.

The authors collected and analysed material including publicly accessible relevant legal acts, policy documents, official guidelines, and press reports in eight European countries – Germany, Italy, Belgium, Sweden, Hungary, Finland, Norway, and Estonia. Additionally, the authors carried out 95 interviews with emergency managers in the eight countries between September 2019 and February 2020.

The authors found that emergency management institutions' social media usage is rarely centrally controlled and social media crisis communication was regulated with the same guidelines as crisis communication on traditional media. Considering this study's findings against the backdrop of existing research and practice, the authors find support for a “mixed arrangement” model by which centralised policies work in tandem with decentralised practices on an ad hoc basis.

Comparative insights about institutional arrangements and procedural guidelines on social media crisis communication in the studied countries could inform the future policies concerning social media use in other emergency management systems.

This study includes novel, cross-national comparative data on the institutional arrangements and guidelines for using social media in emergency management in the context of Europe.

Social media networks make their services freely available to all users. Users pay for the service received with the time and attention taken by the advertisements. This chapter argues that social media platforms are a unique form of monopoly driven by “the more the merrier” effect (i.e., network effects) in users' consumption. These monopolies exercise market power, not by charging higher prices to users but by “tying” larger amounts of advertising to their content. Traditional antitrust instruments designed to address excessive pricing and reduced output by monopolies need to be reframed to tame the attention economy problems in the social media industry. This chapter discusses five antitrust instruments grouped in three categories: structural, behavioral, and market-based remedies. Market-based solutions are the least explored in the literature, despite being the most promising instruments to lower the attention costs imposed on users, while preserving the economies of scope in production and the network effects in consumption, and possibly maintaining free access to social media, as we know it today.

This study aims to examine the use of social media by academic librarians at universities in Zimbabwe with particular focus on the application of the four key constructs of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model. This study assesses the degree to which academic librarians in Zimbabwe believe that using social media enhances service delivery, the extent to which academic librarians perceive social media as easy to use, the influence of peers on social media use among academic librarians and the extent to which facilitating conditions influence social media use.

A pragmatist worldview in which both quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted, this multiple case study used face-to-face interviews, self-administered questionnaires and content analysis for collecting data.

Academic librarians in Zimbabwe perceive social media tools to be useful and easy to use in the provision of services. Social influence had a moderate effect on academic librarians’ use of social media for service delivery at universities in Zimbabwe, but they feel that their supervisors do not provide enough help for them to use social media.

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no similar study has been done previously in Zimbabwe. This multiple case study presents useful findings on the acceptance and use of social media by academic librarians in Zimbabwe.

Although governments have used social media platforms to interact with the public in an attempt to minimize anxiety and provide a forum for public discussion during the pandemic, governments require sufficient crisis communication skills to engage citizens in taking appropriate action effectively. This study aims to examine how the National Health Commission of China (NHCC) has used TikTok, the leading short video–based platform, to facilitate public engagement during COVID-19.

Building upon dual process theories, this study integrates the activation of information exposure, prosocial interaction theory and social sharing of emotion theory to explore how public engagement is related to message sensation value (MSV), media character, content theme and emotional valence. A total of 354 TikTok videos posted by NHCC were collected during the pandemic to explore the determinants of public engagement in crises.

The findings demonstrate that MSV negatively predicts public engagement with government TikTok, but that instructional information increases engagement. The presence of celebrities and health-care professionals negatively affects public engagement with government TikTok accounts. In addition, emotional valence serves a moderating role between MSV, media characters and public engagement.

Government agencies must be fully aware of the different combinations of MSV and emotion use in the video title when releasing crisis-related videos. Government agencies can also leverage media characters – health professionals in particular – to enhance public engagement. Government agencies are encouraged to solicit public demand for the specific content of instructing information through data mining techniques.

This study aims to investigate how a sample of US municipalities use social media for strategic communication, focusing on efforts to effectively measure and evaluate that communication. Research questions focus on measurement and evaluation practices, as well as the motivations and impacts associated with these practices.

This research uses a qualitative approach. Interviews were conducted with 12 municipal government personnel responsible for social media communication. The self-selected participants represent 10 states and all US Census regions. Data was content analyzed and categorized according to four research questions, with emergent themes described.

The results show a diverse set of approaches and motivations, with surface-level measurement and evaluation methods. Initial efforts at more ad hoc use of social media are moving toward more deliberate strategies, but limited resources inhibit progress for some municipalities.

Few studies exist which explore how US municipalities formally measure and evaluate their social media activities as part of their overall strategic communication efforts. This study adds to the existing literature by providing insight into the measurement and evaluation practices that municipalities use to assess their social media communication. The study also provides a basis for larger and deeper investigations of municipal strategic communication practices related to measurement and evaluation.

The research aimed to explore the perceptions of aspiring future police officers studying at a university in relation to the actions to be taken with regards to typical posts on social media by a fictitious off and on-duty police officer. This in turn would inform future police workforce requirements.

Policing students who expressed their aspirations as future police officers were recruited. A total of 99 students studying the College of Policing licensed Professional Policing Degree at the University of South Wales, took part in Hydra Immersive Simulations to ascertain their perception of social media posts by a fictitious serving police officer. The students were asked to rate the appropriateness of the social media posts as groups, and as individuals.

The findings suggest that, whilst the majority of students identified misconduct issues in the social media posts, the response to how the fictitious police officer should be dealt with varied. In addition, it would appear that there may be a need for those involved in policing education to reinforce, in an ongoing basis, knowledge of the College of Policing Code of Ethics, misconduct rules, regulations and increase awareness of unacceptable social media posts.

The research was conducted with professional policing degree (PPD) students from one university.

It is important to reinforce The College of Policing Code of Ethics, expected professional standards and an understanding of what constitutes unacceptable social media posts throughout the education of aspiring police officers. As this has the potential, if recruited, to impact on the service.

Limited research has been conducted in relation to the College of Policing licensed higher education programme, the PPD, equipping aspiring police officers to successfully join the service and influence the cultural change.

This paper explores the similarities and differences in privacy attitudes, trust and risk beliefs between younger and older adults on social networking sites. The objective of the article is to ascertain whether any notable differences exist between younger (18–25 years old) and older (55+ years old) adults in how trust and risk are influenced by privacy concerns upon personal information disclosure on social media.

A Likert scale instrument validated in previous research was employed to gather the responses of 148 younger and 152 older adults. The scale was distributed through Amazon Mechanical Turk. Data were analyzed through partial least squares structural equation modeling.

No significant differences were found between younger and older adults in how social media privacy concerns related to trust and risk beliefs. Two privacy concern dimensions were found to have a significant influence on perceptions of risk for both populations: collection and control. Predictability and a sense of control are proposed as two conceptual approaches that can explain these findings.

This article is the first one to explore age differences in privacy concerns, trust and risk on social media employing conceptual developments and an instrument specifically tailored to the social media environment. Based on the findings, several strategies are suggested to keep privacy concerns on social media at a minimum, reduce risk perceptions and increase users' trust.

This paper aims to explore the factors of social media adoption by zakat institutions.

This study uses qualitative data as the main source of evidence. Data were collected using semi-structured face-to-face interviews. Ten respondents from eight zakat institutions across Malaysia were interviewed. Judgement sampling and snowballing techniques were used to select respondents. Data analysis was done in three phases, namely, data reduction, data display and conclusion confirmation.

The findings of this study found perceived benefits, ease of use, accessibility, formalization, training, management push and indirect public push to be the determinant factors that contribute to the adoption of a social media application in zakat institutions. They are discussed and organized into a few groups under four categories, namely, technological, organizational and environmental contexts based on the TOE framework.

This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge in technology adoption understanding with the engagement of a range of Technology Organization Environment (TOE) framework. However, for future research, quantitative data involving the zakat payers should be anticipated to further understand the issue.

Output from this study may be useful to the adoption champions within zakat institutions, such as decision-makers and marketing officers. These people can help to provide guidelines and steer managers to focus on the identified factors in this study when adopting social media.

The finding from this study may help to increase the efficiency of two-way communication between zakat institutions and the community. It was found that the adoption of social media improved communication activities with the public and better handling of negative perceptions towards zakat institutions. The findings proved that using social media applications in zakat institutions can help create a better organizational image for the public by publishing instant and continuous news feeds on activities that specifically cater to the need of the asnaf. This can alleviate negative perceptions that zakat institutions are only good in collecting money, but not effective in helping the poor.

Previous zakat literature has focussed on different issues such as the determinants of zakat compliance behaviors, zakat fund management, distribution of funds, zakat information system and digital marketing; however, little is known about how and why zakat institutions adopt social media applications as a communication tool with the public. Thus, this research makes a difference by focussing on a new aspect of study in the zakat environment, which aims to explore the factors of social media adoption by zakat institutions. This study also proposes the new appropriate TOE framework to understand the adoption behaviour by the zakat institution towards social media application.

The paper validates a framework using the media synchronicity theory (MST) to study the effect of Social Media Use at Work (SMUW) on the performance “Work Performance” (WP) of the employee. For this, the study initially observed the effect of SMUW on shared vision (SV), network ties (NT), and trust (TRUST) on the knowledge transfer (KT) and the effect of all (SV, NT, TRUST and KT) on the WP of the employees.

A survey method was used to collect responses from 157 employees working at middle and lower-level managerial positions in the chemical companies of India. The data analysis uses variance-based, partial least square SEM, which has established a relationship between the constructs.

The results found a significant effect of SMUW on the WP of the employees. It was observed that the SV and TRUST can be significantly improved with the help of SMUW, contributing to the KT and simultaneously affecting the WP of the employees.

The study has examined the positive and significant effect of SMUW on the employees' SV, NT and TRUST. Improving SV, NT and trust (dimension of social capital) through social media allows employees to transfer more knowledge. An increase in KT among the employees further positively affected the individual and group performance within the organization. SV positively affected the employee's WP, but NT and trust negatively affected the WP. The research thus provides useful insight to the managers for effective use of social media in the workplace.

The study used MST to understand the effect of the use of social media in the workplace. The study is kind of first in the Indian context which has examined the effect of employees at managerial level in chemical companies, and thus contributes to the existing literature on social networks/social media from the organizational context.