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The authors explore turnover tendencies among expatriate employees in Saudi Arabia They: (1) discuss the novelty of expatriates in Saudi Arabia; (2) review the literature on employee turnover tendency and its correlates—job satisfaction and employee characteristics; (3) hypothesize a negative relationship between extrinsic job satisfaction and expatriate turnover tendencies, a negative relationship between general job satisfaction and expatriate turnover tendencies, no relationship between intrinsic job satisfaction and expatriate turnover tendencies, and no relationship between expatriate characteristics and expatriate turnover tendencies, and (4) empirically lest the hypotheses with a sample of expatriate employees. Results provide strong support for most of the hypotheses except “pay,” one of the extrinsic job satisfaction variables, and “job feedback,” one of the intrinsic job satisfaction variables.

This study examines consumer attitude toward thirteen different marketing mix elements related to the products of the USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, the UK, and France in Qatar, an oil rich emerging international market. These six countries are the top six exporters to Qatar. A cross section of 98 Qatari consumers participated in the study. The common theme across the seven hypotheses that have been developed and tested is that Qatari consumers prefer most the marketing mix elements related to the products of Japan and the USA, followed by those of Germany and the least preferred ones are those of Italy, the UK, and France. The hypotheses have been partially supported. The marketing mix elements pertaining to Japanese products take the lead. The products of the USA, Germany, and the UK occupy the second position, while the products of Italy and France trail behind all others.

A sample consisting of senior executives of 61 companiues in Saudi Arabia was obtained to examine the nature of their attitudes toward ISO 9000 quality standards. Results indicate that those companies that are highly and positively inclined toward ISO 9000 standards are mostly manufacturing firms with an ownership status of joint ventures or partnerships, have a large number of employees and market products in both domestic and foreign markets. The personnel of these companies have been persuaded and educated about ISO 9000 standards through direct contact and personal involvement. Most of these have traced overall quality improvement, an d improved flow of activities and coordination to the influence of ISO 9000 standards. Service and trading sectors and small companies in Saudi Arabia seem less concerned about ISO 9000 standards.

A wealth of research has explored different configurations of consumer environmental beliefs, attitudes, and values, and their influence on consumer environmental behavior. It is essential that a more comprehensive understanding of what lies at the root of consumer environmental beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors be developed. This study aims to address some of the limitations in the current literature by theorizing and examining a consumer environmental behavior model that includes three antecedents, a mediator, and a moderator construct. The authors offer a new configuration that includes moderated and mediated effects of consumer cognitive, psycho-social and demographics variables on consumer environmental behavior.

This study was administered to respondents from Saudi Arabia. The sample consists of Saudi-Arabians, non-Saudi Arabs, Americans, Europeans, South-East Asians, sub-continentals as well as other expatriates. Unavailability of sample frames necessitated the past researchers to use some kind of judgmental sampling techniques in Saudi Arabia. A total of 677 usable responses were used for this study.

The model included three antecedents – consumer environmental awareness, consumer perception of human-nature relationship, and consumer perception of local environmental condition – representing the most important categories of predictors of environmental behavior identified in meta-analysis. The effects of these antecedents on consumer environmental behavior were mediated by consumer environmental responsibility, which, in turn, influenced consumer environmental behavior. The model also assumed that consumer faith in science and technology moderated all the four relationships involving antecedents, mediator and the outcome.

The findings of the study identified several important observations. First, the roles of environmental psycho-social and cognitive variables in determining consumer environmental behavior are contingent upon levels of faith in science and technology and may not be direct but rather indirect through the mediator of consumer environmental responsibility. More importantly, the authors have provided support for a non-conventional moderated and mediated model of consumer environmental behavior.

The purpose of this study is to replicate Kohli and Jaworski, and Kohli's pioneering market orientation model within a highly growth‐oriented and competitive banking industry in an emerging Middle‐Eastern economy, Jordan.

A survey was conducted among top management personnel of 475 bank branches in Jordan. A total of 11 hypotheses related to market orientation; its antecedents and consequences were examined by estimating multiple regression models.

The study confirms that market orientation‐performance relationship is robust across diverse contexts. Also, top management traits are consistent predictors of market orientation. However, organizational factors as direct and linear determinants of market orientation are not completely stable. Further, the nature of the correlations between environmental factors and market orientation may be more complex than has been believed. In addition, within‐country variations along Hofstede's cultural dimensions may be possible. Finally, most scales including that of market orientation suffer from weaknesses.

This paper provides further validation for a market orientation model and unveils some of its weaknesses and strengths.

Examines market orientation and its relationship with return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and sales‐per‐employee within a novel context, banks in Saudi Arabia. Toward this end, a sample of 92 bank managers was investigated. Findings indicate that banks in Saudi Arabia are marginally market‐oriented and that market orientation is unrelated to ROA, ROE, and sales‐per‐employee. Further, results imply that executives of firms, in general, should weigh the external environment in which the firm operates before adopting a market‐oriented philosophy because market orientation may not be a preferred orientation under all circumstances.

The current study seeks to provide predictions for task conflict in supervisor‐subordinate dyads and to test empirically the mediation effects of task conflict between organizational culture/subordinate values and subordinate outcomes.

Structural equation modeling was employed to test the theoretical model.

It was found that task conflict mediates the relationship between a clan culture and intention to quit. Additionally, support was also found for the mediating effect of task conflict on the relationship between individualistic values and intention to quit.

More research is needed to take into consideration the variables influencing task conflict in both vertical and horizontal dyadic relationships. A dynamic view of conflict may further contribute to the existing literature.

More remedies are needed in organizations to foster positive employees' attitudes and wellbeing through the generation of task conflicts. For example, fostering a clan culture instead of a hierarchy may be vital.

The current study demonstrates that organizational culture/subordinate's values may be linked to different subordinate outcomes through task conflict.

Examines consumer attitudes towards foreign products and the associated marketing practices in Saudi Arabia, one of the biggest consumers of foreign goods with a per capita gross national product surpassing every African and Latin American country and which was exceeded in Asia only by Japan, Singapore and Hong Kong. Assesses the attitudes of Saudi consumers towards the products and marketing practices of the top six exporters to Saudi Arabia, namely, the USA, Japan, Germany, Italy, UK and France. Utilizes a number of general product attributes, marketing activities and buying and using preference indicators to explain the general attitudes of Saudi consumers towards products and marketing practices of these countries. Findings indicate that Saudi consumers have the most positive attitudinal response to the products and marketing practices of the US and Japan. Among the four Western European competitors, German products and marketing practices were pereived more favourably by Saudi consumers. The relative position of these countries varies depending on the specific product or marketing attribute in question. Saudi consumers did not make any substantial distinctions among the products and marketing practices of Italy, UK and France.

Based on customer value-based and social exchange theories, the purpose of this paper is to hypothesize and examine the relationships between salespeople entrepreneurial behaviors (innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking) and customer trust in, satisfaction with and commitment to the salespeople.

The influences of salespeople’s entrepreneurial behaviors on customer trust in, satisfaction with, and commitment to salespeople were examined utilizing a structural equations model with a sample drawn from the newspaper industry.

As predicted salespeople entrepreneurial behaviors (treated as a higher order factor) significantly and positively influence customer trust in, satisfaction with, and commitment to the salespeople.

This study confirms innovative, proactive, and risk-taking practices are useful in fostering customer trust, satisfaction, and commitment in the domain of personal selling. The key limitations are the small sample size, the use of a single company, and the omission of other potential outcomes.

Entrepreneurial behaviors/activities such as, innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk taking are worthy undertakings for salespeople. Considering these traits in salespeople hiring and/or fostering them in salespeople training should be worth pursuing.

By improving the quality of exchanges through salespeople’s entrepreneurial behaviors and customer-salespeople relationship quality, social exchanges, and in turn social welfare are promoted.

As per the literature search, this is the first study linking salespeople’s entrepreneurial behaviors and customer-salespeople relationship quality represented by trust in, satisfaction with, and commitment to salespeople drawing insights from customer value-based and social exchange theories.

The purpose of this paper is to study the role of religiosity in consumer pro-environmental behavioral intention (CPEBI). Consumer pro-environmental value, knowledge, concern and attitude predict CPEBI; however, previous findings are neither consistent about their predictabilities nor clear about the order of importance of these predictors. Further, while religiosity has the potential to affect values, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors, its role in CPEBI research has been neglected.

Data are collected from a sample of 306 respondents from Oman, an Islamic country with mostly Muslim consumers, and analyzed using a neural network model.

This study finds that the most important predictors of CPEBI, in order of importance, are attitude, concern, knowledge, religiosity and value. Further, results indicate that religiosity moderates the impacts of, in order of importance, attitude, value, concern and knowledge on CPEBI.

Both businesses and policy makers can prioritize intervention strategies according to the importance of the predictors and can leverage faith-based messages and programs for promoting CPEBI toward creating a better environment for all.

Determining the predictabilities of psychological factors and their interactions with religiosity to predict CPEBI in Islamic countries is necessary for promoting environmentally friendly products in Islamic countries and for reducing the ecological damage to the environment.