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Article
Publication date: 4 July 2024

Rayees Ahmad Malla and Zahid Ashraf Wani

This paper aims to delve into the critical examination of retractions in virology to identify the underlying factor that led to the retraction of scientific publications in this…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to delve into the critical examination of retractions in virology to identify the underlying factor that led to the retraction of scientific publications in this specialised domain. Further, this study offers insights into the impact of the retracted publications in the scholarly world vis-à-vis citation and Altmetric indicators.

Design/methodology/approach

The top 100 highly cited retracted articles from virology category were taken from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The Retraction Watch database was used for knowing the reasons for retraction for each retracted publication. The citation and Altmetric score of retracted publications were noted down from WoS and Altmetric.com databases, respectively. Journal Citation Report was used to note down the impact factor of the journals that have published these articles.

Findings

“Misconduct” (57.73%) is the most prevalent reason for the retraction of publications followed by plagiarism (18.55%) and journal issues (14.43%). The retracted papers are cited even after their retraction. Around 70.52% citations were received before and 29.47% after retraction. The highest number of retracted papers was published in the Journal of Virology (14) and Journal of Chemistry (10). High-impact factor journals such as Lancet, Cell and Nature each own one retracted paper. The study found dissemination of these publications through social media platforms with highest social media mentions (394) followed by policy and patents mentions (373) and news and blog mentions (300).

Practical implications

The research delves into understanding the reasons behind the retraction of virology papers and the impact of these publications through citation and Altmetric analyses. Its impactions include bolstering quality control in virology research, maintaining trust in scientific literature. Citation and Altmetric analyses offer deep insights into the broader impact of retracted papers, informing policy and publishing practices to uphold scientific integrity in virology.

Originality/value

This study addresses a specific and crucial aspect of scientific research retractions within the field of virology. While retractions have been studied in broader terms in scientific research, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no such study has been conducted in the scientific field of virology.

Details

Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9342

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 July 2024

Rahat Khan, Abhinav Joshi, Khushdeep Kaur, Atasi Sinhababu and Rupak Chakravarty

The study aims to profile the scientific retractions in the top five global universities and provide descriptive statistics on specific subjects.

Abstract

Purpose

The study aims to profile the scientific retractions in the top five global universities and provide descriptive statistics on specific subjects.

Design/methodology/approach

The data for reasons behind retractions is manually extracted from the Retraction Watch Database. The top five global universities according to the Times Higher Education global ranking of 2024 are selected for this study.

Findings

The study found that Stanford University emerged with the highest number of retractions in the assessment across institutions in the field of basic life sciences and health sciences. Notably, the predominant reasons for these retractions were identified, with “unreliable results” being the most prevalent, accounting for 53 retractions. Following closely was the category of “errors in results and/or conclusions”, contributing to 51 retractions. MIT has the longest time between publication and retraction of any subject group, with an average of 1,701 days.

Research limitations/implications

This study has some limitations, as it only analysed the retractions of the top five global universities.

Originality/value

The study provides a comprehensive analysis of retractions in academic publishing, focusing on reasons, time gaps, article types and accessibility categories across prestigious universities. The paper underscores the critical role of retractions in maintaining the integrity of scientific literature, emphasizing the importance of transparent correction and responsible peer review to ensure the reliability and trustworthiness of published research. Results show that common reasons for retractions include duplication, fake peer review and plagiarism, underlining the need for ethical research standards.

Details

Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9342

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 December 2023

Somipam R. Shimray, Sakshi Tiwari and Chennupati Kodand Ramaiah

The purpose of this study is to examine characteristics of retracted publications from Indian authors and inspect a relationship between journal impact factor (JIF) and the number…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine characteristics of retracted publications from Indian authors and inspect a relationship between journal impact factor (JIF) and the number of authors (NoA).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors examined the general characteristics of retracted publications and investigated the correlation between JIF and NoA from Indian authors from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2022. Data were mined from retraction watch http://retractiondatabase.org/ (n = 1,459) and determined the year of publication, year of retraction, authors, journals, publishers and causes of the retractions. A journal citation report was extracted to gather the JIFs.

Findings

About one-third of retracted papers were published in 2020; 2022 has the highest retraction rate (723); studies with two authors represent about one-third (476) of the published articles; Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing (354) has the highest number of retractions; Springer published the most retracted papers (674); and the majority of the journal (1,133) is indexed in journal citation reports, with impact factor extending from 0.504 to 43.474. Retraction due to legal reasons/legal threats was the most predominant reason for retraction.

Originality/value

This study reflects growth in author collaborations with a surge in the JIF. This study recommends that quick retraction is essential to reduce the adverse effects of faulty research.

Details

Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2514-9342

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 February 2014

Kadir Bilisik and Bekir Yildirim

– The aim of this study was to understand the stick-slip properties of single and multiple yarn pull-out in dry and treated polyester satin woven fabric in boundary regions.

Abstract

Purpose

The aim of this study was to understand the stick-slip properties of single and multiple yarn pull-out in dry and treated polyester satin woven fabric in boundary regions.

Design/methodology/approach

Polyester satin pattern woven fabric was used to conduct the pull-out tests in order to examining the kinetic region of the force-displacement curve. Data generated from this research help the authors to obtain stick-slip force and accumulative retraction force.

Findings

It was found that stick-slip force and accumulative retraction force depend on the number of pulled ends in the fabric, fabric sample dimensions and softening treatments. Stick-slip forces of polyester satin fabric in the multiple yarn pull-out test were higher than those of the single yarn pull-out test. Stick-slip force in single and multiple yarn pull-out tests in the dry polyester satin fabric was generally higher than those of the softening treated polyester satin fabric. In addition, the warp directional single and multiple yarn stick-slip and accumulative retraction forces in the dry and softening treated polyester fabrics were generally higher than those in the weft direction in the fabric edges due to fabric density. On the other hand, the amount of stick-slip force was related to the number of interlacement points in the fabric, whereas the amount of accumulative retraction force was related to fabric structural response.

Originality/value

The mechanism of stick-slip and accumulative retraction force of dry-treated polyester satin pattern woven fabrics were explained. This research could be valuable for development of multifunctional fabrics in technical textiles and ballistic.

Details

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, vol. 26 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0955-6222

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 June 1945

H.G. Conway

THE subject of retractable undercarriages has already been dealt with before the Royal Aeronautical Society as well as in numerous technical articles. This article endeavours…

Abstract

THE subject of retractable undercarriages has already been dealt with before the Royal Aeronautical Society as well as in numerous technical articles. This article endeavours therefore to deal with some aspects of the matter which have not been discussed very widely in the past. Reference is made to the problem as it affects the aircraft designer rather than the specialist undercarriage or hydraulic engineer, and stress is laid on the geometrical and installational problems rather than the mechanical design aspects of the equipment itself.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 17 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1936

G.H. Dowty

AMONG the many problems of drag reduction engaging the critical attention of aircraft designers to‐day, that parasitic appendix known as the undercarriage stands out, in more ways…

69

Abstract

AMONG the many problems of drag reduction engaging the critical attention of aircraft designers to‐day, that parasitic appendix known as the undercarriage stands out, in more ways than one, as probably the most serious single offender still challenging the ingenuity of the designing engineer in his unceasing quest for aerodynamic refinement. Not so many years ago, however, quite a number of designers were openly sceptical of the mechanical feasibility of retracting the undercarriage unit; at least, in such a manner as to make it economically worth while. One suspects that our devotion in this country to the thin‐wing biplane had something to do with that particular brand of aerodynamic astigmatism, because it was not until the cantilever low‐wing monoplane became an accepted type that the idea of wheel retraction became a fashionable formula.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 8 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 14 November 2023

Donna Ellen Frederick

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how retracted scientific papers become zombie papers and why they are problematic and to encourage librarians to become active in…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how retracted scientific papers become zombie papers and why they are problematic and to encourage librarians to become active in addressing these problems.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper explains what zombie papers are, how they are created and the potential impact they can have on the body of scientific literature. It explains how and why they are different than other common types of misleading scientific publications. It also explores recent developments such as the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies and changes to organizations that make data about paper retractions available.

Findings

While journal retractions are as old as scientific publishing itself, the seriousness of retractions persisting and being used in the body of scientific literature has recently been recognized as a serious concern. The rise of new AI technologies such as ChatGPT has made the presence of zombie papers in the data used to train large language models (LLMs) extremely concerning.

Originality/value

While librarians are well-aware of journal retractions and most include information about them in their information literacy training, concerns around zombie papers and their potential presence in the data used to train LLMs will likely be a new consideration for most.

Article
Publication date: 2 February 2015

Hongyan Shi, Hui Li and Shengzhi Chen

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the micro drill bit temperature field distribution in micro-drilling process and the temperature drop in retracting process with simulation…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the micro drill bit temperature field distribution in micro-drilling process and the temperature drop in retracting process with simulation software. Meanwhile, the key factors that affect the micro drill bit temperature will be obtained as well. The results can also be used to improve the accuracy in on-line drilling temperature measurement.

Design/methodology/approach

The purpose of this paper is to obtain the micro drill bit temperature field distribution in micro-drilling process and the temperature drop in retracting process with simulation software. Meanwhile, the key factors that affect the micro drill bit temperature will be obtained as well. The results can also be used to improve the accuracy in on-line drilling temperature measurement.

Findings

Micro drill bit high-temperature area mainly concentrates in the cutting edge and chisel edge. With the increase of spindle speed and feed speed, the micro drill bit highest temperature increased. The micro drill bit temperature drop rate reaches 20° in the micro-drilling retraction process with certain parameters. The micro drill bit highest temperature detected by an infrared camera is lower by 22° than that in real drilling. The simulation results can be used to guide the actual industrial production.

Originality/value

The simulation results can be applied to revise the temperature measurement by an infrared camera in the drilling process. Drilling experiments show that the simulation method is correct and has certain practical significance. The current temperature measurement method can satisfy most of the requirements of temperature measurements.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 41 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 June 2016

Sajan Kapil, Prathamesh Joshi, Hari Vithasth Yagani, Dhirendra Rana, Pravin Milind Kulkarni, Ranjeet Kumar and K.P. Karunakaran

In additive manufacturing (AM) process, the physical properties of the products made by fractal toolpaths are better as compared to those made by conventional toolpaths. Also, it…

1150

Abstract

Purpose

In additive manufacturing (AM) process, the physical properties of the products made by fractal toolpaths are better as compared to those made by conventional toolpaths. Also, it is desirable to minimize the number of tool retractions. The purpose of this study is to describe three different methods to generate fractal-based computer numerical control (CNC) toolpath for area filling of a closed curve with minimum or zero tool retractions.

Design/methodology/approach

This work describes three different methods to generate fractal-based CNC toolpath for area filling of a closed curve with minimum or zero tool retractions. In the first method, a large fractal square is placed over the outer boundary and then rest of the unwanted curve is trimmed out. To reduce the number of retractions, ends of the trimmed toolpath are connected in such a way that overlapping within the existing toolpath is avoided. In the second method, the trimming of the fractal is similar to the first method but the ends of trimmed toolpath are connected such that the overlapping is found at the boundaries only. The toolpath in the third method is a combination of fractal and zigzag curves. This toolpath is capable of filling a given connected area in a single pass without any tool retraction and toolpath overlap within a tolerance value equal to stepover of the toolpath.

Findings

The generated toolpath has several applications in AM and constant Z-height surface finishing. Experiments have been performed to verify the toolpath by depositing material by hybrid layered manufacturing process.

Research limitations/implications

Third toolpath method is suitable for the hybrid layered manufacturing process only because the toolpath overlapping tolerance may not be enough for other AM processes.

Originality/value

Development of a CNC toolpath for AM specifically hybrid layered manufacturing which can completely fill any arbitrary connected area in single pass while maintaining a constant stepover.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 22 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 January 1984

H. Kellermeier, M. Roth and K. Schneider

Retrievable space platforms, e.g. ESA's Micro ‐ gravity Platform EURECA, as shown in principle in Fig. 1, require large solar arrays which have to be retracted after operation in…

Abstract

Retrievable space platforms, e.g. ESA's Micro ‐ gravity Platform EURECA, as shown in principle in Fig. 1, require large solar arrays which have to be retracted after operation in orbit for retrieval with the STS. The foldable ultra‐lightweight panel (ULP) solar array, developed, built and tested by MBB in the period between 1973 and 1978, represents a modern hybrid concept especially suitable for such high‐powered 3‐axis stabilised space platforms due to its advanced design features —rigid carbon‐fibre frame with pretensioned flexible cell substrate, —high stowage density by frame to frame packing with zero‐spacing, —wide power range from 1 to 12 kW due to its modular design, —high dynamic stiffness and thermal stability because of used CFRP structure material. Up to now, the solar array deployment mechanism was designed for a non‐reversible deployment and latch‐up in orbit. This design formed the basis for the development of an automatically operating retraction mechanism. This motor‐driven and motion‐controlled deployment and retraction mechanism applied on the ULP solar array will be a breakthrough for cost saving by retrieval of one of the most expensive sub‐systems of high‐power space platforms.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 56 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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