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This study aims to distinguish how unabsorbed and absorbed slack affects market and financial performance via proactive and reactive supply chain resilience (SCRES), particularly under varying conditions of organizational ambidexterity.

By collecting survey data from 277 Chinese manufacturers, we verify the conceptual model applying structural equation modeling.

Proactive SCRES mediates the positive impacts of both unabsorbed and absorbed slack on market and financial performance, whereas reactive SCRES mediates only their positive effects on financial performance. High levels of organizational ambidexterity strengthen the indirect effects of both types of slack on market and financial performance via proactive SCRES, but not when mediated by reactive SCRES.

We introduce a new theoretical perspective to view fits (as mediation) between the use of unabsorbed/absorbed slack in different ways when switching attentions to proactive or reactive SCRES, both of which can be improved through organizational ambidexterity. This study offers novel insights into how managers can switch attentions between proactive and reactive SCRES knowing when to appropriately use unabsorbed/absorbed slack for which purposes, and the use of different learning modes (explorative vs exploitative).

The purpose of this study is to determine the strategy adopted by small- and medium-scale enterprise (SME) owners in setting up internal control systems, examine the relationship between the numbers of employees’ fraud and strategy adopted in setting up internal control and evaluate the difference between proactive and reactive strategies in employee’s fraud prevention among SMEs.

A survey research approach was adopted to determine whether proactive or reactive strategies were adopted by the SME owners. Specifically, a survey questionnaire was used to gather primary data from selected respondents in Lagos and Oyo States. Descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation and the Mann–Whitney test were used to analyse the primary data.

The study found that most of the SME owners used reactive internal control strategies in setting up their internal control systems after they suffered financial losses occasioned by employees’ fraud. Also, the study found a positive relationship between the number of employees’ fraud and reactive strategy. Finally, the study found a significant difference in the number of employees’ fraud occurrences between proactive and reactive internal control strategies in SMEs.

The study provides further confirmation that where internal control is properly set up and strengthened, a lower number of employee frauds will occur. Thus, giving credence to the fraud theory. The study was, however, conducted in six selected local government areas in two states.

The study provides recommendations on the adoption of a proactive strategy for curbing employees’ fraud at the onset of business operations and not until devastating events of employees’ fraud become a reality.

The study is original, as it focuses on the strategy adopted by SME owners in setting up internal control systems, which is rare in fraud empirical studies, particularly for studies conducted in emerging markets like Nigeria. It provides the need for the sustainability of SMEs as engine of growth and employment through the adoption of appropriate strategies in setting up internal control systems.

Building supply chain (SC) resilience has become a priority for many organizations, following a global increase in disruptive events. While management accounting and control (MAC) systems play a supportive role in supply chain management (SCM) decisions, little is known about the contributions offered to resilience decisions in service organizations. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance implications of MCS's impact on proactive and reactive resilience of healthcare supply chains.

This study conducted a survey of 127 public health managers via structural equation modeling. The partial least squares version 3.3.3 was used.

The results show a statistically positive impact of MAC dimensions on proactive and reactive resilience, which in turn impacts the quality, delivery speed and cost effectiveness of the health SC. However, the integration dimension had an insignificant effect on reactive resilience but a positive effect on proactive resilience.

This study examined the performance implications of MAC system dimensions and proactive and reactive resilience on operational performance in health SCs, using empirical data from only one country. Thus, generalizing the findings to include other jurisdictions may be impossible.

Healthcare managers in public health facilities should embrace the four MAC dimensions (except the integrated dimension in reactive resilience) to support information generation in SC resilience decisions.

Perhaps, the first to provide preliminary empirical evidence on the interactive effect of proactive and reactive resilience and MAC dimensions in terms of broad scope, timeliness, integration and aggregation on health SC operational performance under disruption, in the context of an emerging economy.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between supply chain leadership, digital supply chain practices and corporate sustainability strategies on the sustainability performance of logistics firms in Nigeria, one of Africa’s largest economies. It indicates that collaborative efforts within the supply chain context can improve sustainability performance.

Data from 468 firms in a major sub-Saharan African market were collected through a structured questionnaire. The analysis used descriptive statistics, principal component analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. Factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha analysis were used to assess the validity and reliability of the instrument.

The results of this study reveal significant findings: proactive sustainability strategies exert a substantial positive effect on sustainability performance (β = 0.694, SE = 0.025, p < 0.01). Even when proactive sustainability strategies are included in the model, the positive impact of reactive sustainability strategies remains significant (β = 0.694, SE = 0.025, p < 0.01: Model 5). Regarding the moderating role of proactive and reactive corporate sustainability strategies, there is a notable interaction effect between supply chain leadership and proactive sustainability strategies concerning sustainability performance (p < 0.05). This confirms the positive relationship between supply chain leadership and sustainability performance when proactive sustainability strategies are at a high level (β = 0.844, SE = 0.0010, p < 0.01), supporting H4 that this relationship strengthens with higher levels of proactive sustainability strategies. Conversely, for Hypothesis H5, the interaction effect of reactive sustainability strategies with supply chain leadership changes the relationship from significantly positive to significantly negative (β = −0.068, SE = 0.0009, p < 0.01). Using the Baron and Kenny approach to test mediation, the mediating effect of digital supply on digital leadership is significant (β = 0.345, p = 0.000, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the effect of digital supply on sustainability performance is statistically significant (β = 0.081, p = 0.006, p < 0.01), as is the effect of digital leadership on sustainability performance (β = 0.181, p = 0.000, p < 0.01). These results indicate a mediation effect of digital supply.

This study of logistic management has limitations, including its cross-sectional nature, which precludes the establishment of causality, thus necessitating longitudinal research to determine causal relationships. In addition, the focus on Nigerian firms, which vary significantly in their stages of learning and institutional development, emphasizes the need for further research in diverse contexts. Future studies should examine alternative institutional environments or developed economies to validate these assumptions. Another limitation is the potential for bias due to six employees rating their firms on each variable; therefore, using multiple data sources is recommended to objectively evaluate the validity of the self-reported questionnaire.

This study advises managers to exercise caution when selecting between proactive and reactive sustainability strategies to enhance sustainability performance. Proactive strategies reinforce the relationship between supply chain leadership and sustainability performance, while reactive strategies diminish it. Therefore, managers are encouraged to adopt more proactive strategies. This paper suggests that managers in emerging economies should recognize the distinct impacts of proactive sustainability strategies and allocate more resources toward them to improve sustainability performance, even in competitive markets. In addition, it highlights the importance of digital supply in fostering sustainability performance.

This study presents a novel perspective on the moderating role of corporate sustainability strategies in the relationship between supply chain leadership and the sustainability performance of logistics firms. It provides empirical evidence and fresh insights on proactive and reactive sustainability strategies for logistics firms in Nigeria. The findings highlight that proactive sustainability strategies enhance the connection between supply chain leadership and sustainability performance, whereas reactive strategies do not.

This paper aims to clarify voltage sourced converter’s (VSC’s) influence rules on the alternating current (AC) short-circuit current and identify the key factors, so as to propose the short-circuit current suppression strategy.

This paper investigates the key factors which impact the short-circuit current supplied by the VSC based on the equivalent current source model. This study shows that the phase of the VSC equivalent current source is mainly affected by the type of fault, whereas the amplitude is mainly decided by the control mode, the amplitude limiter and the electrical distance. Based on the above influence mechanism, the dynamic limiter with short-circuit current limiting function is designed. The theoretical analysis is verified by simulations on PSCAD.

The short-circuit current feeding from VSC is closely related to the control mode and control parameters of the VSC, fault type at AC side and the electrical distance of the fault point. The proposed dynamic limiter can make VSC absorb more reactive power to suppress the short-circuit current.

The dynamic limiter proposed in this paper is limited to suppress three-phase short-circuit fault current. The future work will focus more on improving and extending the dynamic limiter to the fault current suppression application in other fault scenarios.

The research results provide a reference for the design of protection system.

The key influence factors are conducive to put forward the measures to suppress the fault current, eliminate the risk of short-circuit current exceeding the standard and reduce the difficulty of protection design.

Despite the growing interest in enhancing mass customization capability (MCC), firms still have little knowledge of dealing with the superimposed challenges of increased market uncertainty and supply chain disruptions. Based on the dynamic capability view, this study focuses on the impacts of frequent sensing and reconfiguring processes on MCC and the mediating roles of proactive and reactive supply chain resilience (SCR).

We collected survey data from 277 manufacturing firms and conducted a structural equation model to test hypotheses.

The results reveal that although its direct effect on MCC is insignificant, sensing process improves MCC indirectly via reactive SCR. Our findings also show that reconfiguring process enhances MCC both directly and indirectly via reactive SCR.

This study provides theoretical and practical insights into how to combine dynamic capability and SCR to strengthen MCC.

Reactive dyes are believed to have great potential for nylon dyeing, but these anionic dyes tend to rush toward the nylon at the beginning of the process, resulting in uneven dyeing. Achieving uniformity gets even harder when the dyeing is performed under exposure to eco-friendly technique microwave irradiations. This study aims to achieve rapid and homogenous results by intermittent shaking and non-continuous exposure to microwave.

A set of reactive red dyes, based on the same chromophore and different substituents in the auxochrome part, was applied to the nylon fabric without any leveling agent. A series of experiments were designed to investigate the effect of different dye structures, exhaustion pH, liquor ratio, exhaustion time and fixation time to obtain an optimum recipe under the microwave dyeing technique.

Dyeing performance was characterized based on the color strength, exhaustion and fixation percentages and color fastness values. The characterization showed that better results can be achieved at a liquor ratio of 1:15 at exhaustion pH 2.7 which is also the isoelectric point of nylon, with 5.5 to 7 min of exhaustion and 6 to 8 min of fixation time for different dyes. Microwave dyed samples secured higher color strength values and provided better exhaustion and fixation than the conventional dye samples. Furthermore, the X-ray diffraction results verified that there was no considerable difference in the morphological structure of nylon with microwave exposure.

An applied technique is disclosed in this work to achieve uniform dyeing on nylon 66 with reactive dyes without any leveling agent under exposure to eco-friendly rapid heating microwave irradiations.

The traditional vinyl ester of neodecanoic acid-vinyl acetate (VeoVa10-VAc) copolymer latex is a linear structure with poor film formation, thus causing solvent resistance and wear resistance of the latex film to be poor. This study aims to investigate the use of cross-linkers in emulsion polymerization to modify the latex. During the course of film formation, the reactive functional groups react to form cross-linkage. The network structure can effectively improve the compactness of the resin, thereby greatly improving the water resistance, solvent resistance and heat resistance of the resultant film. In addition, the reactive emulsifier is used to replace the conventional emulsifier. Thus, the drawbacks of the conventional emulsifier molecules migrate and desorb can be avoided when the polymer latex is stored.

The cross-linked VAc-VeoVa10 latex has been synthesized with the reactive surfactants, in which VAc and VeoVa10 are used as the main monomers and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was used as the cross-linked monomer. Potassium persulfate (KPS) and mixed surfactants of alkyl allyl polyoxyethylene ether ammonium sulfate (JS-20) and allyl nonyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether (ANPEO-10) were used as the initiator and emulsifier, respectively. The structure of resultant latex film was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The latex films were tested by thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and contact angle (CA). The particle size and its distribution of the latex were measured by the nano particle size analyzer.

The factors that had an influence on the properties of the latex and the film were investigated in detail. The stability of the resultant latex is good. The average particles of the latex and its distribution are small and uniform, respectively. In comparison with the conventional latex film, the thermal stability and hydrophobicity of the resultant latex film are improved obviously.

The resultant latex can be used in both the waterborne interior and exterior wall coatings, pickering stabilized waterborne polymer dispersions, polymer powders, environmentally friendly polymer-modified waterproof mortar and other fields, which can be satisfied with the high demand of thermal stability and hydrophobicity.

The modification of poly (VAc-VeoVa10) by reactive emulsifier and cross-linker is seldom reported. In this study, the cross-linked poly (VAC-VeoVa) latex is prepared through the reactive surfactants, with VAc and VeoVa10 used as the main monomers and EGDMA used as the cross-linked monomer. KPS and mixed surfactants of JS-20 and ANPEO-10 are used as the initiator and emulsifier, respectively.

We explore the relationship between urbanicity and police officers’ perceptions of changes in their reactive and proactive work during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Using the 2021 survey of 1,262 Croatian police offices (436 police officers from a large urban community, 471 police officers from small towns and 155 from rural communities), we examine the perceived changes in their reactive activities (e.g. responses to the calls for service, arrests for minor crimes) and proactive activities (e.g. community policing activities, directed patrols) during the peak month of the pandemic compared to before the pandemic.

The majority of police officers in the study, regardless of the size of the community where they lived, reported no changes before and during the pandemic in reactive and proactive activities. Police officers from urban communities and small towns were more likely to note an increase in domestic violence calls for service. Police officers from urban communities were also more likely than the respondents from small towns and rural communities to report an increase in the responses to the disturbances of public order. Finally, police officers from small communities were most likely to observe a change in the frequency of traffic stops during the pandemic.

This study is the first one to explore the differences in perceptions of COVID-19-related changes in reactive and proactive police activities in a centralized police system.

This paper aims to minimize the mean-risk cost of sustainable and resilient supplier selection, order allocation and production scheduling (SS,OA&PS) problem under uncertainty of disruptions. The authors use conditional value at risk (CVaR) as a risk measure in optimizing the combined objective function of the total expected value and CVaR cost. A sustainable supply chain can create significant competitive advantages for companies through social justice, human rights and environmental progress. To control disruptions, the authors applied (proactive and reactive) resilient strategies. In this study, the authors combine resilience and social responsibility issues that lead to synergy in supply chain activities.

The present paper proposes a risk-averse two-stage mixed-integer stochastic programming model for sustainable and resilient SS,OA&PS problem under supply disruptions. In this decision-making process, determining the primary supplier portfolio according to the minimum sustainable-resilient score establishes the first-stage decisions. The recourse or second-stage decisions are: determining the amount of order allocation and scheduling of parts by each supplier, determining the reactive risk management strategies, determining the amount of order allocation and scheduling by each of reaction strategies and determining the number of products and scheduling of products on the planning time horizon. Uncertain parameters of this study are the start time of disruption, remaining capacity rate of suppliers and lead times associated with each reactive strategy.

In this paper, several numerical examples along with different sensitivity analyses (on risk parameters, minimum sustainable-resilience score of suppliers and shortage costs) were presented to evaluate the applicability of the proposed model. The results showed that the two-stage risk-averse stochastic mixed-integer programming model for designing the SS,OA&PS problem by considering economic and social aspects and resilience strategies is an effective and flexible tool and leads to optimal decisions with the least cost. In addition, the managerial insights obtained from this study are extracted and stated in Section 4.6.

This work proposes a risk-averse stochastic programming approach for a new multi-product sustainable and resilient SS,OA&PS problem. The planning horizon includes three periods before the disruption, during the disruption period and the recovery period. Other contributions of this work are: selecting the main supply portfolio based on the minimum score of sustainable-resilient criteria of suppliers, allocating and scheduling suppliers orders before and after disruptions, considering the balance constraint in receiving parts and using proactive and reactive risk management strategies simultaneously. Also, the scheduling of reactive strategies in different investment modes is applied to this problem.