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Article
Publication date: 2 May 2017

Kirubaveni Savarimuthu, Radha Sankararajan and Sudha Murugesan

The purpose of this paper is to present the design of a piezoelectric vibration energy generator with a power conditioning circuit to power a wireless sensor node. Frequency and…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present the design of a piezoelectric vibration energy generator with a power conditioning circuit to power a wireless sensor node. Frequency and voltage characterization of the piezoelectric energy harvester is performed. A single-stage AC–DC power converter that integrates the rectification and boosting circuit is designed, simulated and implemented in hardware.

Design/methodology/approach

The designed power conditioning circuit incorporates bridgeless boost rectification, a lithium ion battery as an energy storage unit and voltage regulation to extract maximum power from PZT-5H and to attain higher efficiency. The sensor node is modelled in active and sleep states on the basis of the power consumption. Dynamic modelling of the lithium ion battery with its state of charging and discharging is analysed.

Findings

The test result shows that the energy harvester produces a maximum power of 65.9 mW at the resonant frequency of 21.4 Hz. The designed circuit will operate even at a minimum input voltage of 0.5 V. The output from the harvester is rectified, boosted to a 7-V DC output and regulated to 3.3 V to the power C_Mote wireless sensor node. The conversion efficiency of the circuit is improved to 70.03 per cent with a reduced loss of 19.76 mW.

Originality/value

The performance of the energy harvester and the single-stage power conditioning circuit is analysed. Further, the design and implementation of the proposed circuit lead to an improved conversion efficiency of 70.03 per cent with a reduced loss of 19.76 mW. The vibration energy harvester is integrated with a power conditioning circuit to power a wireless sensor node C_Mote. The piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is implemented in real time to power C_Mote.

Article
Publication date: 23 February 2018

Kirubaveni Savarimuthu, Radha Sankararajan, Gulam Nabi Alsath M. and Ani Melfa Roji M.

This paper aims to present the design of a cantilever beam with various kinds of geometries for application in energy harvesting devices with a view to enhance the harvested power

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present the design of a cantilever beam with various kinds of geometries for application in energy harvesting devices with a view to enhance the harvested power. The cantilever beams in rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal geometries are simulated, designed and evaluated experimentally. A power conditioning circuit is designed and fabricated for rectification and regulation.

Design/methodology/approach

The analytical model based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is analyzed for various cantilever geometries. The aluminum beam with Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) 5H strip is used for performing frequency, displacement, strain distribution, stress and potential analysis. A comparative analysis is done based on the estimated performance of the cantilevers with different topologies of 4,500 mm3 volume.

Findings

The analysis shows the trapezoidal cantilever yielding a maximum voltage of 66.13 V at 30 Hz. It exhibits maximum power density of 171.29 W/mm3 at optimal resistive load of 330 kΩ. The generated power of 770.8 µW is used to power up a C-mote wireless sensor network.

Originality/value

This study provides a complete structural analysis and implementation of the cantilever for energy harvesting application, integration of power conditioning circuit with the energy harvester and evaluation of the designed cantilevers under various performance metrics.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 44 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 13 September 2021

Jitendra B. Zalke, Sandeepkumar R. Pandey, Ruchir V. Nandanwar, Atharva Sandeep Pande and Pravin Balu Nikam

The purpose of this research paper is to explore the possibility to enhance the power transfer from piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) source to the load. As the proposed…

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this research paper is to explore the possibility to enhance the power transfer from piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) source to the load. As the proposed gyrator-induced voltage flip technique (GIVFT) does not require bulky components such as physical inductors, it is easily realizable in small integrated circuits (IC) package thereby offering performance benefits, reducing area overhead and providing cost benefits for constrained self-powered autonomous Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents an inductorless interface circuit for PEH. The proposed technique is called GIVFT and is demonstrated using active elements. The authors use gyrator to induce voltage flip at the output side of PEH to enhance the charge extraction from PEH. The proposed technique uses the current-voltage (I-V) relationship of gyrator to get appropriate phasor response necessary to induce the voltage flip at the output of PEH to gain power transfer enhancement at the load.

Findings

The experimental results show the efficacy of the GIVFT realization for enhanced power extraction. The authors have compared their proposed design with popular earlier reported interface circuits. Experimentally measured performance improvement is 1.86×higher than the baseline comparison of full-wave bridge rectifier circuit. The authors demonstrated a voltage flip using GIVFT to gain power transfer improvement in piezoelectric energy harvesting.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, pertaining to the field of PEH, this is the first reported GIVFT based on the I-V relationship of the gyrator. The proposed approach could be useful for constrained self-powered autonomous IoT applications, and it could be of importance in guiding the design of new interface circuits for PEH.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 49 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 23 January 2009

Thomas H. Owen, Stefan Kestermann, Russel Torah and Stephen P. Beeby

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of using kinetic energy harvesting to power wireless condition monitoring sensors.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of using kinetic energy harvesting to power wireless condition monitoring sensors.

Design/methodology/approach

The system presented duty cycles its operation depending upon the energy being harvested. The harvested energy is stored on a supercapacitor and the system samples sufficient vibration data to enable an FFT to be performed at the receiver.

Findings

The results of this study show it is perfectly feasible to power practical wireless condition monitoring sensors entirely from the vibrations of the machines being monitored.

Originality/value

Energy harvesting techniques can be used to power wireless sensors in a range of applications. Removing the need for a battery power supply presents obvious environmental benefits and avoids the need to periodically replace batteries.

Details

Sensor Review, vol. 29 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0260-2288

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 March 2006

Brian Rooks

To describe the design methodology and human‐centre functionality of the whole arm manipulator (WAM) developed originally at MIT and brought to commercial fruition by Barrett…

1471

Abstract

Purpose

To describe the design methodology and human‐centre functionality of the whole arm manipulator (WAM) developed originally at MIT and brought to commercial fruition by Barrett Technology.

Design/methodology/approach

The WAM arm is driven by cable‐and‐cylinder transmissions, which uniquely exhibits zero backlash with low friction and low inertia, endowing the WAM with good open‐loop “backdrivability”. Two key benefits of the high backdrivability are: motion control through joint torque control, which enables the intrinsic sensing of forces over the whole arm and makes it inherently safe to humans; operation directly in the Cartesian domain without the need for inverse kinematics calculations, providing very rapid responsiveness as demonstrated in the “baseball robot” of Tokyo University. Another benefit of the WAM is its kinematic redundancy through the 4‐dof (degrees‐of‐freedom) main axes (7‐dof with the wrist). Recent major advances in the WAM include the “puck”, the world's smallest fully‐featured servo‐controller that eliminates the need for an external controller cabinet, and a safety circuit that limits, by a set amount, the power flow from the WAM to a person or object while not inhibiting the reverse from human to arm. The WAM's intrinsic force control has allowed the development of software‐defined haptic walls, which are being exploited by partners such as the CMU (Carnegie Mellon University) Robotics Institute, in patient rehabilitation, and Mako Surgical, for use in joint surgery.

Findings

The Barrett WAM's good open‐loop backdrivability has initiated the development of novel human‐centred robot applications that will expand the use of robots outside the factory and into human‐inhabited areas.

Originality/value

Presents the design methodology, features and applications of the Barrett WAM human‐centred robot.

Details

Industrial Robot: An International Journal, vol. 33 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-991X

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 25 January 2021

Rekha Yoganathan, Jamuna Venkatesan and William Christopher I.

This paper intent to design, develop, and fabricate a robust cascaded controller based on the dual loop concept i.e. Fuzzy Sliding Mode concept in the inner loop and traditional…

Abstract

Purpose

This paper intent to design, develop, and fabricate a robust cascaded controller based on the dual loop concept i.e. Fuzzy Sliding Mode concept in the inner loop and traditional Proportional Integral controller in the outer loop to reduce the unknown dynamics and disturbances that occur in the DC-DC Converter.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed Fuzzy sliding mode approach combines the merits of both SMC and Fuzzy logic control. FSMC approach reduces the chattering phenomena that commonly occurs in the sliding mode control and speed up the response of the controller.

Findings

In most of the research work, the inner current loop of cascaded controller was designed by sliding mode control. In this paper FSMC is proposed and its efficacy is confirmed with SMC -PI. In most uncertainties, FSMC-PI produces null maximum peak overshoot and a very less settling time of 0.0005 sec.

Originality/value

The presence of Fuzzy SMC in the inner loop ensure satisfactory response against all uncertainties such as steady state, circuit parameter variations and sudden line and load disturbances.

Details

Circuit World, vol. 48 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 September 1997

Z. Saad‐Saoud and A.C. Williamson

Presents a new approach for formulating the state space equations associated with electrical systems containing circuits which are coupled only magnetically. Presents an algorithm…

566

Abstract

Presents a new approach for formulating the state space equations associated with electrical systems containing circuits which are coupled only magnetically. Presents an algorithm which automatically determines the state space matrix of a system which can take any topological form. Describes a new way of representing semiconductor devices which gives increased flexibility in system representation, and reduces computation time, together with a technique for satisfactorily accounting for the discontinuous behaviour of semiconductor devices. Illustrates the application of the proposed technique by means of a relatively simple example for which an analytical solution is possible. Compares illustrative test results obtained from more complex circuits with those from simulation to demonstrate further the validity of the method.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 16 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 5 May 2015

Eduardo Garcia-Breijo, Gema Prats-Boluda, Jose Vicente Lidon-Roger, Yiyao Ye-Lin and Javier Garcia-Casado

This paper aims to present a comparison between three types of manufacturing techniques, namely, screen-printed, inkjet and gravure, using different types of inks, for the…

341

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to present a comparison between three types of manufacturing techniques, namely, screen-printed, inkjet and gravure, using different types of inks, for the implementation of concentric ring electrodes which permit estimation of Laplacian potential on the body surface.

Design/methodology/approach

Flexible concentric ring electrodes not only present lower skin–electrode contact impedance and lower baseline wander than rigid electrodes but are also less sensitive to interference and motion artefacts. The above three techniques allow printing of conductive inks on flexible substrates, and with this work, the authors aim to study which is the best technique and ink to obtain the best electrode response.

Findings

From the results obtained regarding ink thickness, resistivity, electrode resistance and other performance parameters derived from electrocardiographic signal recording tests, it can be said that concentric electrodes using the screen-printing and inkjet techniques are suitable for non-invasive bioelectric signal acquisition.

Originality/value

The development of new types of inks and substrates for the electronics industry and the adaptation of new manufacturing techniques allow for an improvement in the development of electrodes and sensors.

Details

Microelectronics International, vol. 32 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1356-5362

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1978

R.P.G. Collinson BSc(Eng.

The automatic pilot is probably the first application the layman thinks of in terms of electronics and flight control. However, the extensive part now played by electronics in…

Abstract

The automatic pilot is probably the first application the layman thinks of in terms of electronics and flight control. However, the extensive part now played by electronics in achieving good handling/controllability and performance is becoming increasingly important as the technology is now sufficiently mature for extensive use to be made of automatic control techniques.

Details

Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 50 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1989

Bennett J. Price

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems are typically designed to provide power to computers for five to thirty minutes after all utility company power has failed. In addition…

Abstract

Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) systems are typically designed to provide power to computers for five to thirty minutes after all utility company power has failed. In addition to providing blackout and brownout protection, many UPS systems also protect against spikes, surges, sags, and noise, and some also offer many of the features found in power distribution units (PDUs). The major components or subsystems of a typical UPS system are detailed, and a sample bid specification is appended. Three sidebars discuss UPSs and air conditioning, the maintenance bypass switch (MBS), and literature for further reading.

Details

Library Hi Tech, vol. 7 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-8831

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