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Water is a vital natural resource without which life on earth would be impossible. Properties of synthetic dyes like high stability and noxious nature make it difficult to remove them from the effluent. This review focuses on the removal of synthetic dyes using nanoparticles (NPs) based on the adsorption principle.

Adsorption technique is widely used to remove synthetic dyes from their aqueous solution for decades. Synthetic dye removal using NPs is promising, less energy-intensive and has become popular in recent years. NPs are in high demand for treating wastewater using the adsorption principle due to their tiny size and vast surface area. To maximise environmental sustainability, the utilisation of green-produced NPs as efficient catalysts for dye removal has sparked attention amongst scientists.

This review has prioritised research and development of optimal dye removal systems that can be used to efficiently remove a large quantity of dye in a short period while safeguarding the environment and producing fewer harmful by-products. The removal efficiency of synthetic dye using different NPs in wastewater treatment varies mostly between 75% to almost 100%. This review will aid in the scaling up of the wastewater treatment process.

There is a lack of research emphasis on the safe disposal of NPs once the reuse efficiency significantly drops. The relevance of cost analysis is equally critical, yet only a few papers discuss cost-related information.

Comprehensive and planned research in this area can aid in the development of long-term wastewater treatment technology to meet the growing need for safe and reliable water emphasising reuse and desorption efficiency of the NPs.

This study aims to activated carbon prepared from pistachio waste by using phosphoric acid as chemical activator agent. Activated carbon adsorbents were prepared from pistachio waste by using phosphoric acid as chemical activator agent.

The optimum conditions for the highest adsorption performance were determined by central composite design (CCD). The adsorbent was used for the adsorption of dye reactive black 5 (RB5), and the parameters affecting the adsorption were discussed like pH, initial concentration, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The adsorbent synthesized has been characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The kinetic models including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intraparticle diffusion with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were applied to investigate the kinetic and isotherms parameters.

When the dye concentration is 10 mg/L, RB5 dye removal rates reach 87.5 per cent. Moreover, the adsorption process of RB5 follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.

This study provided a simple and effective way to prepare activated carbon adsorbents from pistachio wastes. This way was conductive to protect environmental from a huge amount of agricultural waste produced and subsequent application for removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions.

The activated carbon adsorbents are prepared via chemical activation, which is prepared with pistachio wastes. There are two main innovations: one is that the novel adsorbents are prepared successfully by waste and the other is that the optimized conditions are designed by CCD.

The goal of this paper is to model the activated carbon adsorption capacity of cadmium using a polynomial regression model. The properties that influence the removal of heavy metals by activated carbon must be taken into consideration in order to synthesize materials specific to the characteristics of the pollutant.

Multivariable analysis applications allow a comprehensive description of the relationship between activated carbon surface properties and heavy metal adsorption.

The authors use a second-grade polynomial regression model to determine the influence of porosity and surface acidity in cadmium adsorption by activated carbon.

The authors propose a statistic analysis to correlate the carbon properties with its cadmium adsorption capacity. Model coefficient analysis will give a better comprehension of the influence of activated carbon porosity and surface acidity of cadmium removal.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the batch treatment of pulp and paper mill wastewater using electro-coagulation (EC).

Statistical experimental design was used to investigate the effect of initial pH, current density and temperature. Experiments were planned to obtain the maximum amount of information in the fewest number of runs. Minimum-maximum values of current density, initial pH, temperature of medium were selected as 9-25 mA/cm2, 5-9, 25-50°C, respectively. A total number of 20 experiments including eight factorial points, six axial points and six replicates in centre points were carried out and experimental data were collected. Optimum operating parameters were determined by evaluating experimental results in MATLAB 7.9®.

According to the results, the optimum values of current density, initial pH and temperature of medium are determined as 14.12 mA/cm2, 8.22 and 34.21°C, respectively.

Many researches about different techniques including physical, chemical and biological methods have been done on the subject of pulp and paper wastewater treatment. In physical and chemical processes low molecular weight compounds are not removed efficiently, also these methods are quite expensive. Electrochemical degradation has an advantage of removing even the smallest colloidal particles compared with traditional flocculation and coagulation.

Complete removal of pollutants, less sludge generation, simple process design and easy operation are standard features of the EC and it comes forward as one of the promising techniques.

This paper deals with the optimisation of engineering problems using genetic algorithms. The process is discussed and the various stages of the genetic algorithm described. In conjunction with a finite element analysis program the process is then applied to a realistic problem of extraction of a pollutant from an aquifer. The genetic algorithm suggests sensible solutions for optimum extraction well positions and pumping rates to minimise the overall cost, based upon the results of a series of finite element analyses. The discontinuous nature of the problem is handled easily. The conclusions drawn are that a genetic algorithm optimiser, in conjunction with a finite element analysis program, generates solutions to engineering problems that are sensible and efficient.

This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of metal electrode and electrolytes on the electroflocculation of indigo wastewater, produced by printing and dyeing factory, and to optimize the treatment system.

For effective purging, various types of metal electrodes (graphite, pure aluminum and stainless steel) and supporting electrolytes (sodium chloride and sodium sulfate) were selected for electroflocculation experiments. The decolorization rate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate were characterized.

The treatment effects of stainless steel and aluminum were similar, but the dissolution loss of aluminum and the production of flocs greatly limit its application. Electrolytes gave obvious effects to these systems. Sodium sulfate was better than sodium chloride, the decolorization rate was increased by 3.31%, the removal rate of COD in the solution was increased by 28.65% and the weight of flocculation precipitation was reduced by 0.214 g.

The electrochemical treatment system was constructed to compare and analyze the influence of experimental parameters and to provide a reference for the actual treatment of indigo wastewater.

Electrochemical flocculation can remove the insoluble indigo solids and it plays a key role in wastewater treatment.

It is novel to optimize the combination of electrode and electrolyte to improve the efficiency of electroflocculation, which can be widely used in the actual wastewater treatment process.

Evaluates the effect of bioaugmentation on the activated sludge treatment of food wastewaters including those containing potato, starch, sugar and milk. Parameters of study include live liquid microorganisms, dosage, aeration time and wastewater strength. Concludes that bioaugmentation with addition of live liquid micro‐organisms improves total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency and reduces sludge production. Aerobic bioaugmentation is effective in TOC removal from potato, sugar and milk wastewater but not effective in the case of starch wastewater.

Porous asphalt has been used for than 50 years, but it was originally developed in 1970 at Franklin institute in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. By 1974 the first formalized procedure was created by the federal highway administration to design mixtures. Many researches on porous asphalt mixture have been conducted for the past two decades. However, there remains some concern about the potential adverse impacts of infiltrated surface water on the underlying groundwater. The purpose of this paper is to presents a short review on the application of porous asphalt pavement stormwater treatment.

In this paper, a critical review on history and benefits is presented followed by review of general studies of using porous asphalt pavement, and some recent scientific studies that examine potential contamination of soil and groundwater because of infiltration systems.

This paper indicates that porous asphalt pavement is more efficient than conventional pavements in terms of retaining pollutants, improving the quality of water and runoff while maintaining infiltration.

This paper may also help reduce land consumption by reducing the need for traditional storm-water management structures. However, on the other hand, the priority objectives which is minimizing increased flooding and pollution risks while increasing performance efficiency and enhancing local environmental quality-of-life is achieved.

Examines the sixteenth published year of the ITCRR. Runs the whole gamut of textile innovation, research and testing, some of which investigates hitherto untouched aspects. Subjects discussed include cotton fabric processing, asbestos substitutes, textile adjuncts to cardiovascular surgery, wet textile processes, hand evaluation, nanotechnology, thermoplastic composites, robotic ironing, protective clothing (agricultural and industrial), ecological aspects of fibre properties – to name but a few! There would appear to be no limit to the future potential for textile applications.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the case of the Valorbio research project, in which students of different high-level programs were involved in the experimental work and in the dissemination of results in collaboration with the research team.

The inclusion in higher education curricula of content related to the sustainable development should be a preferred mechanism for the dissemination of good practices of sustainability. Another equally important way to achieve this is to involve students in research projects that seek solutions to the societal challenges related to sustainable growth. The Valorbio project aims to meet the needs for treating and reusing wastewater and solid waste. Its main goal was the development of modular systems for wastewater treatment based on constructed wetlands, exploring the possibility of the treatment systems being composed of solid waste and by-products from significant industrial sectors.

The students’ contribution to the research work was relevant and simultaneously allowed them to acquire skills on sustainable development. Additionally, the students contributed to the dissemination of the results. The Valorbio project can thus be considered a successful application of the concept of project-based learning (PBL), as a way to include sustainability issues content in the higher education curricula.

The applied experimental work had an original approach regarding the equipment design, the waste materials valuation, as well as the integration of waste treatment processes in the circular economy paradigm. This paper is the first reported PBL experience involving students of short-cycle technical–professional programs in partnership with first and second-level students and a research team.