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1 – 10 of 902Peter McGill, Jill Bradshaw, Genevieve Smyth, Maria Hurman and Ashok Roy
The purpose of this paper is to outline the role played by different aspects of the social, physical and organisational environments in preventing behaviour described as…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to outline the role played by different aspects of the social, physical and organisational environments in preventing behaviour described as challenging in people with learning disabilities.
Design/methodology/approach
Conceptual elaboration drawing on research and practice literature.
Findings
Community placements for people with learning disabilities should develop the characteristics of capable environments. Such characteristics are associated with prevention of challenging behaviour and improved quality of life outcomes.
Originality/value
The notion of the capable environment may help to shift the focus from the individual who displays behaviour described as challenging to the characteristics of the social, physical and organisational supports that they receive.
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Justin Gagnon, Vasiliki Rahimzadeh, Cristina Longo, Peter Nugus and Gillian Bartlett
Healthcare innovation, exemplified by genomic medicine, requires increasingly sophisticated understanding of the interdisciplinary-organizational context in which new innovations…
Abstract
Purpose
Healthcare innovation, exemplified by genomic medicine, requires increasingly sophisticated understanding of the interdisciplinary-organizational context in which new innovations are implemented. Deliberative stakeholder consultations are public engagement tools that are gaining increasing traction in health care, as a means of maximizing the diversity of roles and interests vested in a particular policy or practice issue. They engage participants from different knowledge systems (“cultures”) in mutually respectful debate to enable group consensus on implementation strategies. Current deliberation analytic methods tend to overlook the cultural contexts of the deliberative process. The paper aims to discuss this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
This conceptual paper proposes adding ethnographic participant observation to provide a more comprehensive account of the process that gives rise to deliberative outputs. To underpin this conceptual paper, the authors draw on the authors’ experience engaging healthcare professionals during implementation of genomics in the care for pediatric oncology patients with treatment-resistant glioblastoma at two tertiary care hospitals.
Findings
Ethnography enabled a deeper understanding of deliberative outcomes by combining rhetorical and non-rhetorical analysis to identify the implementation and coordination of care barriers across professional cultures.
Originality/value
This paper highlights the value of ethnographic methods in enabling a more comprehensive assessment of the quality of engagement across professional cultures in implementation studies.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on “Making the world a better place: achieving impact through innovation and an entrepreneurial ethos” written by John Pepin.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on “Making the world a better place: achieving impact through innovation and an entrepreneurial ethos” written by John Pepin.
Design/methodology/approach
The commentary considers the broader role of philanthropy especially with respect to learning disability and autism.
Findings
The work of the Shirley Foundation is a good example of the contribution that can be made by philanthropy. Although philanthropy has many critics, it remains one way in which significant change can by supported.
Originality/value
Partnerships between philanthropic and government funding may help both to address some of the concerns raised about philanthropy and maximise the potential for beneficial impacts.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on Andrew Jahoda’s article “Depression and people with a learning disability: a way forward”.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on Andrew Jahoda’s article “Depression and people with a learning disability: a way forward”.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper considers depression and other issues of psychological well-being from the perspective of the eligibility criteria for social care in England as enshrined in the 2014 Care Act.
Findings
There is a danger of issues of psychological well-being being seen as health rather than social care needs. A more integrated perspective is required.
Originality/value
The paper illustrates the importance of the role of social care provision in promoting the well-being of people with learning disabilities.
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Jennifer Chase and Peter McGill
Siblings of individuals with disabilities provide the most long-term care for an individual with disabilities, yet research on their experiences is limited. A majority of previous…
Abstract
Purpose
Siblings of individuals with disabilities provide the most long-term care for an individual with disabilities, yet research on their experiences is limited. A majority of previous research focuses on young siblings from a parent’s viewpoint. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of having a sibling with a disability and behaviour described as challenging from adult siblings’ perspectives.
Design/methodology/approach
Six adult siblings of individuals with intellectual disabilities and behaviour described as challenging were interviewed about their responsibilities pertaining to their sibling, family relationships and the support that had been provided. The study used semi-structured interview methodology based on interview questions from previous research.
Findings
Siblings described a multifaceted impact on their lives. They attributed aspects of their career choices, personal characteristics and family dynamics to having a sibling with a disability and behaviour that challenges. Siblings stressed the inadequate support that they have received throughout their lives. They are, in a sense, the invisible carers for their sibling but they are perceived by society as just a sibling. Siblings described an optimistic perspective on their lives, even though they expressed the difficulties that they have faced.
Research limitations/implications
Due to the recruitment process and limited demographic of the participants, the findings may not be generalisable to the general population of siblings of individuals with disabilities. Further research should focus on a broader population.
Practical implications
This study reinforces the need for more support for siblings of individuals with disabilities in childhood and in adulthood.
Originality/value
This paper provides perspectives of individuals that have not been fully represented in previous research.
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Gabriel Cohen and Peter McGill
Teaching skills to autistic individuals can increase independence and quality of life. However, staff supporting such individuals often lack the skills needed to teach skills…
Abstract
Purpose
Teaching skills to autistic individuals can increase independence and quality of life. However, staff supporting such individuals often lack the skills needed to teach skills. This study evaluated the use of digital videos (DVDs) to coach three care staff in teaching tooth-brushing skills to three autistic adults with co-occurring intellectual disabilities.
Design/methodology/approach
Personalized DVDs provided guidance on key elements of teaching new skills, including graded assistance, contingent reinforcement and environmental configuration. Participants watched their DVD six times over several days. Its impact on their teaching performances was evaluated using a multiple-baseline design. Social validity was investigated by distributing a questionnaire among the participants and family members of autistic adults.
Findings
Teaching performances improved substantially following training. The coaching method was rated positively by participants and family members.
Originality/value
Video-modelling technology can be used effectively to provide an efficient, individualized and acceptable method of coaching for care staff.
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Serena Rose Louisa Tomlinson, Peter McGill, Nick Gore and Jessie Humphreys
Little is known about the characteristics of residential educational settings for young people with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) in England. Previous research…
Abstract
Purpose
Little is known about the characteristics of residential educational settings for young people with intellectual or developmental disabilities (IDD) in England. Previous research has focussed on the characteristics and experiences of the young people attending such settings rather than the setting itself; therefore, an overview of national provision is needed. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
As part of a larger project, data were collected for all residential schools and colleges in England. Data relate to settings offering residential provision for at least 4 nights per week for 30 weeks per year, either at the school/college itself, or in an associated residential home. Due to the remit of the main project, settings offering placements only to young people aged under 16 were excluded. Data were collected from a range of sources, including school/college websites, Ofsted and Department for Education resources, and liaison directly with the setting.
Findings
In total, 342 residential educational settings were identified with 57 of these offering post-16 provisions only. A range of data is presented about these settings, including location, placement numbers and types available, age range catered for, special educational needs categories registered for, governance arrangements (e.g. LA maintained, privately owned, and charitable organisation), and Ofsted educational ratings.
Originality/value
These data provide a national overview of residential educational settings for young people with IDD. This enables a clearer picture of the location and type of provision offered and allows comparisons both within and between areas.
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