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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1987

R. Rothschild

In 1933, Edward H. Chamberlin published the Theory of Monopolistic Competition (1962). The work, based upon a dissertation submitted for a PhD degree in Harvard University in 1927…

Abstract

In 1933, Edward H. Chamberlin published the Theory of Monopolistic Competition (1962). The work, based upon a dissertation submitted for a PhD degree in Harvard University in 1927 and awarded the David A. Wells prize for 1927–28, has since become a milestone in the development of economic thought. Its impact on industrial organisation theory, general equilibrium and welfare economics, international trade theory and, to a greater or lesser degree, all other branches of economic analysis, has been pervasive and enduring. The ideas set out in the book have been developed, expanded and refined in ways too numerous to be identified precisely, and the books and articles which take Chamberlin's contribution as a starting point arguably exceed in number those on any other single subject in the lexicon of economics.

Details

Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 14 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-3585

Article
Publication date: 1 April 1983

Andrew S. Skinner

The Preliminary Argument The fifteen years following the end of the Great War saw considerable activity amongst economists concerned with competitive structures and the “firm”. As…

Abstract

The Preliminary Argument The fifteen years following the end of the Great War saw considerable activity amongst economists concerned with competitive structures and the “firm”. As has been argued elsewhere much of this work may be interpreted as an attack on Marshall's treatment of the subject with a view to replacing it by a more “rigorous” and formal analysis. E. H. Chamberlin to a very large extent stands apart from these developments, as he makes plain in the “Origin and Early Development of Monopolistic Competition Theory” (1961). Serious work on his thesis apparently began in 1924, was largely completed in 1926 and the study filed in the following year. This means that Chamberlin's “discovery” of the curves of marginal cost and marginal revenue was made quite independently of his English and German colleagues. Further, as Chamberlin himself made clear, the thesis had no link either with Sraffa or the Symposium of 1931: “Nor did the Book itself attack Marshall…on any of the issues there involved” (ibid., p. 532). Indeed, he always insisted that his work was an attack “not on Marshall, but on the theory of perfect competition” (ibid., p. 540). He might have added that Monopolistic Competition is essentially Marshallian both in its style of reasoning and in the pre‐occupation with realism; a pre‐occupation which led Chamberlin to play down the operational significance of the marginal curves while recognising their importance in a technical sense (1957, pp. 274–76).

Details

Journal of Economic Studies, vol. 10 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0144-3585

Article
Publication date: 1 February 2004

Joseph T. Salerno

The theory of monopoly price was originally formulated by Carl Menger at the inception of the marginalist revolution in 1871 and represented the dominant theoretical approach to…

1097

Abstract

The theory of monopoly price was originally formulated by Carl Menger at the inception of the marginalist revolution in 1871 and represented the dominant theoretical approach to monopoly until the 1930s. Despite its impeccable doctrinal pedigree and lengthy dominance, the theory abruptly disappeared from the mainstream neoclassical literature after the Monopolistic Competition Revolution, to be revived and reformulated after World War II by Ludwig von Mises. The present paper describes the theory as it was offered in its most sophisticated pre‐war form by American economist Vernon A. Mund, who published an unjustifiably neglected volume on monopoly theory that appeared in the same year as the classic works by Joan Robinson and Edward Chamberlain. This paper then attempts to draw out the critical implications of Mund’s formulation of the theory for the current neoclassical orthodoxy in monopoly and competition theory, including the elasticity of demand curves facing individual producers under competition, the time perspectives that are most relevant in analyzing the pricing process, the proper role of long‐run equilibrium in this analysis, and the misapplication of the marginal revenue and marginal cost concepts. Finally, the paper suggests a number of reasons why the theory was swept aside in the aftermath of the Chamberlain/Robinson Revolution with almost no resistance from its most prominent exponents.

Details

Managerial Finance, vol. 30 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0307-4358

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 20 February 2020

Mohd Faizal Basri

This paper aims to investigate the impact of competition in the Malaysian Islamic banking industry and the market structure of the industry by focusing on the particular impact…

1214

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the impact of competition in the Malaysian Islamic banking industry and the market structure of the industry by focusing on the particular impact created by the entrance of fully fledged foreign Islamic banks plus the introduction of Islamic subsidiaries of existing conventional banks in the country (domestic and foreign ownership).

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 16 Islamic banks in the country that operated between 2008 and 2015, this paper measures the competition among the Islamic banks using the Panzar-Rosse Model and by looking at the market structure of the industry using the k-bank concentration ratio and the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index.

Findings

The study found that between 2008 and 2015, the Malaysian Islamic banking industry operated in monopolistic competition conditions with a moderately concentrated market structure. The introduction of foreign Islamic banks caused the market structure to become more competitive and less concentrated by comparing the results that include foreign Islamic banks against the results generated with a subsample of domestic Islamic banks only. Bank Negara Malaysia’s (BNM’s) financial reform and the liberalisation of the financial system were proven to induce competition making the financial system more resilient, competitive and dynamic. The Islamic banks have recorded consistently increased annual performance with the under-performing Islamic banks catching up on the top performers.

Originality/value

Very few research studies have focused on the market structure and competition of the Islamic banking industry in Malaysia, especially using recent financial data; this study will contribute to filling the existing gap.

Details

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, vol. 11 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0817

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 28 May 2020

Rafik Harkati, Syed Musa Alhabshi and Salina Kassim

This paper aims to assess the nature of competition between conventional and Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. It is an effort to enrich the existing literature by offering an…

1199

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to assess the nature of competition between conventional and Islamic banks operating in Malaysia. It is an effort to enrich the existing literature by offering an empirical compromise on the differences in the results of studies related to competition between the two types of banks.

Design/methodology/approach

Secondary data on all banks operating in Malaysia’s diversified banking sector is collected from the FitchConnect database for the period 2011-2017. A non-structural measure of competition (H-statistic) as informed by Panzar–Rosse is used to measure the competition between conventional and Islamic banks. Panel data analysis techniques are used to estimate H-statistic. Wald test for the market structure of perfect competition/monopoly is used to affirm the validity and consistency of the results.

Findings

The findings of this study signify that the Malaysian banking sector operated under monopolistic competition during the period of study. The long-run equilibrium condition holds for the Malaysian banking sector. Competition among conventional banks is more intense than that among Islamic banks. Financial reform endeavours of Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM) along with the liberalisation wave of the financial system were successful in promoting competition, rendering the financial system contestable, resilient and dynamic.

Practical implications

Regulators and policymakers may find the results beneficial in terms of rethinking the number of banks operating in the Islamic sector. The number of banks, however, is not the only determinant of competition in the banking sector. Implications of competition change for stability and risk-taking behaviour of banks should be considered.

Originality/value

Within the context of Malaysia’s diversified banking system, given the contradictory results reported in studies on competition, this study is an effort to provide a plausible middle ground. It suggests a possible answer as to why competition nature has not changed since the policy change initiatives of BNM, namely, banks merger, expansion of Islamic banking operation scope and liberalisation process.

Details

Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, vol. 11 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0817

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 18 April 2017

Cupian and Muhamad Abduh

The purpose of this paper is to examine the competitive conditions and market power of Islamic banks in Indonesia for the period of 2006-2013.

1406

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the competitive conditions and market power of Islamic banks in Indonesia for the period of 2006-2013.

Design/methodology/approach

Using samples of 27 Islamic banks, the study uses a variety of structural and non-structural measures related to the traditional approach and the new empirical approach of the industrial organization. The methodology is based on a set of measures of the competition and market power. The first measures, concentration ratios and Herfindahl–Hirschman index, are to determine the competitiveness level, while the second measures of Panzar–Rosse H-statistic and Lerner index are to examine the market power of Islamic banks in Indonesia.

Findings

The finding of this study has confirmed the situation of Islamic banking industry in Indonesia which is operated in a higher degree of market power which leads to a less competitive market. Islamic banks earn their revenues under monopolistic competition over the tested period. This study has also found a negative but insignificant relationship between concentration and competition which shows that in the past few years, the market power for leading firms in Indonesia Islamic banking industry has reduced.

Practical implications

The paper is a very useful source of information that may provide relevant guidelines in guiding the future development of competition of Islamic Banking industry. In addition, the paper provides relevant guidelines for improving competitiveness of Islamic banks.

Originality/value

This study combines two approaches for bank competition measurement and bank market powers measurement which can provide more robust findings. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study on Islamic banking competitiveness level and market power is very limited, especially in the case of Indonesia. Therefore, this study could contribute significantly toward the literature of the related field.

Details

International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8394

Keywords

Open Access
Article
Publication date: 23 May 2023

Alexandre Teixeira Dias, Henrique Cordeiro Martins, Valdeci Ferreira Santos, Pedro Verga Matos and Greiciele Macedo Morais

This research aims to identify the optimal configuration of investment which leads firms to their best competitive positions, considering the degree of concentration in the market.

Abstract

Purpose

This research aims to identify the optimal configuration of investment which leads firms to their best competitive positions, considering the degree of concentration in the market.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology was quantitative and based on secondary data with samples of 124, 106 and 90 firms from competitive environment classified as perfect competition, monopolistic competition and oligopoly, respectively. Proposed models' parameters were estimated by means of genetic algorithms.

Findings

Adjustments on firm's investment are contingent on the degree of competition they face. Results are in line with existing academic research affirmation that the purpose of investments is to create and exploit opportunities for positive economic rents and that investments allow firms to protect from rivals' competitive actions and reinforce the need for investment decision makers to consider the environment in which the firm is competing, when defining the amount of investment that must be done to achieve and maintain a favorable competitive advantage position.

Originality/value

This research brings two main original contributions. The first one is the identification of the optimal amount of capital and R&D investments which leads firms to their best competitive positions, contingent to the degree of concentration of the competitive environment in which they operate, and the size of the firm. The second one is related to the use of genetic algorithms to estimate optimization models that considers the three competitive environments studied (perfect competition, monopolistic competition and oligopoly) and the investment variables in the linear and quadratic forms.

Details

European Journal of Management and Business Economics, vol. 33 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2444-8451

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 12 February 2018

Thao Ngoc Nguyen, Chris Stewart and Roman Matousek

This paper aims to examine the market structure of Vietnam’s banking sector during 1999-2009, which is after the introduction of the two-tier banking system, using the…

1693

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the market structure of Vietnam’s banking sector during 1999-2009, which is after the introduction of the two-tier banking system, using the non-structural (Panzar–Rosse) model.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors consider a more comprehensive range of specifications, in terms of a greater number of environmental covariates and different dependent variables, than in the previous applications of this model. Further, this is the first study that uses lagged input prices (to avoid endogeneity), excludes assets (to avoid specification bias) and includes a lagged dependent variable (to avoid dynamic panel bias) in such a study of the Vietnamese banking system.

Findings

The authors find that the Vietnamese banking system operates in monopoly.

Originality/value

The main contribution of this paper is to determine the market structure in the recent period after the Vietnamese banking system was transformed into a less centralised, two-tier system. This study is the first to uniquely identify the market structure of this developing economy’s banking system (using data only for Vietnam and not observations from other countries) in a post-transition period.

Details

Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, vol. 26 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1358-1988

Keywords

Article
Publication date: 8 March 2022

S. Yamini and M.S. Gajanand

Flexible return policies are offered by the manufacturers to encourage the retailers announcing a lenient returns scheme to their customers.

Abstract

Purpose

Flexible return policies are offered by the manufacturers to encourage the retailers announcing a lenient returns scheme to their customers.

Design/methodology/approach

This study considers the distribution of durable products in a supply chain where the demand is sensitive to sales effort and retail price. Using a game theoretic framework, the paper presents an assessment of the strategic effect of flexible returns policy announced by the manufacturer under retail competition and highlights its implications on profitability.

Findings

Comparative analysis of monopolistic and duopolistic competition provides a better understanding about the repercussions and related facts on offering a flexible returns policy in these environments. It is profitable for the manufacturer to offer a flexible returns policy when there is retail competition than under monopolistic condition.

Practical implications

Practitioners view returns policy offered as an insurance given to the buyers and they infer it to be a better mechanism for doing business. Lenient returns policy promotes the sales by increasing the trust on the retailer and boosts up the perception of quality about the product by lowering the perceived risk for customers.

Originality/value

Effective product return strategies such as being lenient in terms of time, money, effort, scope and exchange can result in increased revenues, lower cost and improved profitability to the manufacturer and retailer, at the same time offering an enhanced level of customer service.

Article
Publication date: 1 February 1956

H. Sauermann

Competition and cooperation in tourism is a complex and broad subject. It contains manifold and different problems. It is my task to deal with general aspects only. My first idea…

Abstract

Competition and cooperation in tourism is a complex and broad subject. It contains manifold and different problems. It is my task to deal with general aspects only. My first idea was to base my considerations on empirical facts. However, I was not very successful in finding reliable and sufficient statistical data on competition and cooperation in tourism. Of course, we have literature enough on special problems, for instance on the competition between railway and road transport or on the cooperation among the airline corporations. However, I have found that all these publications only indirectly touch tourism.

Details

The Tourist Review, vol. 11 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

1 – 10 of over 2000