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As part of its research into a National Food Guide (NFG) for the UK, the Health Education Authority reveals an experimental methodology into consumers′ understanding and recall of food‐for‐health information when presented in different ways, as well as a qualitative approach to assess consumer preferences for the format and title of the guide. A parallel, smaller study was undertaken involving health educators. Describes the findings of these studies and finds that the views of consumers and professionals are different in a variety of respects. Concludes with the hope that “The National Food Guide – The Balance of Good Health” will be welcomed by health and nutrition educators and will help reduce misinformation and misunderstanding among consumers.

A National Food Guide (NFG) for the UK will enable all nutrition educators to use the same vehicle for conveying food and health messages. The public will, thus, receive a consistent message, visually reinforced through a variety of channels. The development of a NFG for the UK is a priority project for the Government′s Nutrition Task Force and is a tripartite project between the Department of Health (DoH), Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF) and the Health Education Authority (HEA). Discusses the main aim of the HEA funded research project (Stage III): to assess actual consumer understanding and recall of information contained within the guide (as opposed to stated preferences) when the information was presented in different ways. The research experimentally tested the pyramid and plate formats of a food selection guide with a sample of 2,000 consumers in the UK. Presents the research design and methodology; results will appear in a later issue. It is planned to launch the final NFG in summer 1994.

Although the needs and desires of customers are different, obtaining positive and negative experiences is an inevitable consequence of consuming products and services purchased by the consumer. The nature of these experiences is very important for the retail industry and in particular sports stores, as the intangible experience includes the main essence of the products and services provided by businesses; in other words, sports products are mostly experience-oriented and can be classified as an overall experience. Despite the importance of the consumer experience as a dominant and effective paradigm in consumer behaviour, the design of sports customer experience has received less attention from researchers. Therefore, the present study seeks to answer the question of what aspects of creating and developing the customer experience in sports and recreational complexes are. To answer this question, this chapter attempts to identify the areas of creating customer experiences in sports and recreational environments by examining the case of the Enghelab sports and recreational club (in Tehran, Iran) using qualitative research methods and interviewing experts in this field and using the content analysis technique. The findings indicate that cognitive, functional, comprehensive, human, physical, functional, aesthetic, sensory, social, emotional and communal components are the most important components of creating and enhancing customer experience in sports and entertainment complexes.

Therefore, the owners, managers and marketing unit of these collections should invest in the creation and development of these components in the design of their strategic marketing plans in order to provide a memorable experience for the customer during their journey and finally be able to benefit from the subsequent positive consequences such as customer satisfaction, word-of-mouth advertising, loyalty and return intention.

Providing interpretative or graphical nutrition information on food labels could help consumers understand more about the nutritional content of foods and facilitate easier food choices. The EC Nutritional Labelling Directive (1990) allows for the future development of EC formats for graphic nutritional labelling – and the Government′s Food Advisory Committee has recently sought the views of interested parties on possible schemes. There has been considerable discussion on the relative merits of different interpretative schemes but this has tended to focus on scientific and legislative concerns with accuracy, rather than the needs of consumers. Argues that, to determine both the numerical basis of graphical information (the criteria) and the method in which it is conveyed (the format), further consumer research is necessary.

Research has found a subgroup of conservative white males have lower perceptions of risk across a variety of environmental and health hazards. Less research has looked at the views of these “low risk” individuals in group interactions. Through qualitative analysis of a technology deliberation, we note that white men expressing low risk views regarding technologies for energy and the environment also often express high social risks around potential loss of control. We argue these risk perceptions reflect identification with corporate concerns, usually framed in opposition to government and mirroring arguments made by conservative organizations. We situate these views within the broader cultural struggle over who has the power to name and address risks.

Impact investing, Social enterprise.

MBA, EMBA, Executive Education.

Zoona mobile money: investing for impact details a slightly altered version of the real events that occurred in late 2011 with the series A round of investment in Zoona, a mobile money business in Zambia. The focus is on the decisions that have to be made by the management team of a socially innovative tech start-up (Zoona) providing mobile money and financial services to previously unbanked consumers in Zambia.

By the end of this case, the student should be able to: understand the basics of term sheets and be able to perform a high level analysis and comparison of two distinct term sheets; identify investor objectives, ultimately recognising the general differences between private equity and venture capital investors; identify and weigh the costs and benefits of term sheets, as well as identify negotiating points and necessary trade-offs in the investment process; and identify and understand the “soft” benefits of investors and weigh these in relation to a term sheet analysis.

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CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.

The purpose of this paper is to examine and develop a cross‐level model of the phenomenon of bullying at three levels (e.g. individual, group, and organizational).

This is a theory‐based paper operationalizing transactional coping theory across three levels of an organization relative to bullying activities.

There can be spillover from bullying from the dyadic level to other levels in the organization. While bullying is frequently discussed as an individual‐to‐individual phenomenon, the conflict can reverberate up to the group and organizational level. The interaction between the three levels needs to be taken into consideration when developing effective managerial plans to address the negative consequences of bullying.

Additional research is needed to address the interaction effect between all three levels that can be impacted by bullying acts. Without addressing the spillover from one level to another, remediation programs will be less than effective.

Bullying appears to be increasing in organizations today and affecting financial as well as human resources. Owing to the increased complexity of conducting business in a hyper‐competitive global marketplace, bullying behavior needs to be addressed by management to prevent the proliferation of bullying acts in organizations.

The unique contribution of this paper is twofold: the first to identify the externality effect of bullying behavior, and the application of a single coping theory across multiple levels of an organization.