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The present chapter explicates urban and rural childhoods in India. It presents childhood as a dynamic product arising out of an intersection of children's experiences in different familial–socio-cultural contexts, and children's positions within parent–child interactions and relations. These contexts and interactions tend to colour and shape the childhoods that children inhabit. Drawing on fieldwork conducted in urban and rural India, the chapter documents (1) nature of children's engagements and (2) parent–child relations, explicitly observed in parent–child interactions, provisioning warmth and care; parental control and supervision over children and children's participation in the overall fabric of family life and so forth. Forty-eight parents (24 urban and 24 rural) of children aged 7–11 years participated in the study. Qualitative data gathered through semi-structured interviews and home observations revealed distinctions in urban and rural Indian childhoods. Urban childhood is characterised by rights and privileges, and the centrality of academic pursuits, while rural childhood is featured with subtle induction into economic and social fabric of rural life. Although the world of ‘Indian childhood’ seemed plural, childhood playfulness and learning seemed to be the unifying themes. Geared to the fact that children have to make a living with limited means in the future, both childhoods were accelerated in preparation for future. Dwelling on the complexities in children's lives, this article appreciates diversity and multiplicity in childhoods.

This chapter focuses on the micro-contexts of cross-innovation between digital audiovisual media and the health care sector by examining two cases, both start-ups working on virtual reality-assisted rehabilitation solutions. Through a discussion of the two cases, this chapter aims to elucidate the broader dynamics of digital health care as experienced by innovators seeking to contribute to it. It addresses the challenges faced by innovators, including the lengthy and costly nature of medical licensing, the inflexibility and fragmentation of pertinent regulations, and health care institutions’ and insurers’ resistance to change. It also highlights the importance of networking and the emergence of digital health care as a distinct and increasingly visible epistemic community, while touching upon the tensions between the public and the private sectors as a target market for innovators.

Purpose – This research aims to know the condition of small and medium enterprises, after guidance by the Department of Industry Trade and Cooperatives of Ponorogo. This is done as an attempt to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the coaching that has been done.

Findings – From the research, it is known that there are three types of trainings starting from 2010 up to 2013. However, these data are not supported by its business as well as the company name. Samples of 50 participants varying in duration and the type of training were assessed. About 52% (26 SME) participants had a business, 24% did not, and the remaining 24% could not be located. While owning a business, they do not have the financial data in writing. This indicates that SMEs do not have the basic financial statements, which can be used to evaluate its financial management.

Research Limitations/Implications – Of the 26 who already have a business, 10 were in the traditional food industry (chicken satay, Dodol, ground coffee, and sugar), whereas 7 were in industrial baking and pastry and 9 in craft Industry consisting of batik, reog, and leather crafts. this research limitation hasn't mapped the existing SMEs in Ponorogo district who have not attend the training and who have attended the training.

Practical Implications – This results of this study have practical implications in Capitalized readily in abundance; jelly-making training organized by Department of Industry, Trade and Cooperatives resulted in the increase in value-added products. This success is supported by the awareness of the leader villages. However, the development effort still needs assistance for the need for promotion as well as the establishment of a marketing network. Besides strengthening the supply system, also needed is the maintenance of the existence of this business, which means that is expected to increase the economy.

Originality/Value – This is the first research that identifies the sari cincau ngrayun industry in Ponorogo city.