Index

Andreas Herrmann (University of St. Gallen, Switzerland)
Johann Jungwirth (Mobileye, Israel)

Inventing Mobility for All: Mastering Mobility-as-a-Service with Self-Driving Vehicles

ISBN: 978-1-80043-179-9, eISBN: 978-1-80043-176-8

Publication date: 26 April 2022

This content is currently only available as a PDF

Citation

Herrmann, A. and Jungwirth, J. (2022), "Index", Inventing Mobility for All: Mastering Mobility-as-a-Service with Self-Driving Vehicles, Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 323-329. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80043-176-820221040

Publisher

:

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2022 Emerald Publishing Limited


INDEX

Accidents
, 25–27, 267–269

AdBlue
, 29

Advertising
, 143

Agriculture
, 45, 175

Air pollution
, 7, 22, 27–29, 33, 58, 153, 232–234, 261

Air traffic
, 204

Aisin
, 143

Alexa
, 207–208

All-terrain vehicles
, 29

Amazon
, 85, 101, 105, 142, 162, 215, 287

capitalisation
, 262

in mobility-as-a-service
, 163

in mobility market
, 217–218

American Middle Class
, 19–20

American Society for Civil Engineers (ASCE)
, 35–36

Ant-colony algorithms
, 89

Apple
, 101, 142–143, 215, 218, 262

Apple’s CarPlay
, 225

Apps
, 108, 129

design
, 134–136

navigating mobility landscape with
, 129–134

or steering wheel
, 136–138

Aptiv
, 140

Archetypes
, 245–247

Arrival
, 161

Artificial intelligence technologies (AI technologies)
, 93, 139, 160, 197

Asia
, 63–64

Aurora
, 53, 140, 174

Australia
, 63–64

Automakers
, 41–42, 81–82, 84–85, 97–101, 105, 140–141, 205–206, 208, 215–219, 223–224, 262

Automobile
, 19–20, 37–38

industry
, 288

Automotive industry
, 40, 82, 178, 214–215, 222–223, 260, 262, 283–284

Autonomous driving
, 86–87, 89–90, 157

basic idea
, 90–92

control unit
, 92–94

digital maps
, 94–95

planning
, 95–96

sensors
, 92

Autonomous mobility
, 157

Autonomous shuttles
, 63, 141, 159, 164, 177, 224, 253, 255, 271

Baby boomer generation
, 289

Battery cells
, 99

Battery-as-a-Service options
, 192

BBC
, 85

Bedrock
, 74

Bestmile
, 141

Bicycles
, 74, 93, 122, 129–131, 137, 230, 238–241

Bike-sharing
, 137

Bird
, 74, 144, 237–238

BlaBlaCar
, 125–126

Boaz Bikes
, 74

Boston Consulting Group
, 112, 245

Braess’ paradox
, 39, 65, 108

Buses
, 8–10, 14, 18, 117, 122–124, 133

’Business as usual’ transportation policy
, 56

Business models
, 173–176

change requires effort
, 213–216

ecosystem
, 222–226

on road in pods and shuttles
, 219–222

viewpoint
, 216–219

BYD
, 99

C40
, 68–69

Cameras
, 92–93

Car(s), 37–40, 55–58, 122, 205–206 (see also Autonomous driving)

car-centric cities
, 246, 252

car-free zones
, 67

licence auctions
, 236

rental
, 100, 119, 129–130, 133, 141–142

sharing
, 101, 108–111, 125, 130, 214

Carbon dioxide emissions
, 28–29, 98, 269

Carvolution
, 114

CATL
, 99

Central hubs
, 154

Change drivers
, 85–87

Chicago, workers in
, 12–13

Children and traffic
, 58–59

China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
, 281

Cities
, 45, 59–60, 64, 107, 245

Asia and Australia
, 63–64

bursting at seams
, 48–52

C40
, 68–69

car-free zones
, 67–68

councils
, 151

as engines of progress
, 52–53

Europe
, 61–63

North America
, 64–67

planners
, 64

of play
, 127

from rural to urban
, 45–48

of speed
, 127

Vision Zero
, 68

CityMapper
, 131, 142

CityMobil
, 158

CleverShuttle
, 108

Clyde
, 214

CNN
, 85

Coffs Harbour in Australia’s New South Wales
, 177

Combustion
, 270

Commuters

in New York
, 11–12

shopping in autonomous pod
, 172

traffic
, 64–65

Congestion
, 265–267

Connected automotive world
, 101–105

Continental
, 81, 140, 143

Control unit
, 92–94

Conventional automotive engineering
, 216

Convertibles
, 141

CountryCab
, 77

COVID-19 pandemic
, 137, 179–180, 216, 229, 231, 233–234, 236, 277, 282

Crash industry
, 33, 222

Culdesac
, 65

Customer experience
, 210, 241

Daegu’s Smart City initiative
, 235

Delivery services
, 162–165

Density
, 230

Denso
, 81, 143

Detroit market
, 74, 87

Didi
, 86–87, 109–110, 142–143, 179, 217–218

Digital maps
, 94–95

Disability
, 8, 275

Distance, vehicle
, 266

Driverless pods
, 158

Driverless vehicles
, 157, 160–161, 176–179, 267, 270

Driving
, 149

E-bikes
, 72, 84, 131, 144, 149, 151, 153, 239–240, 247, 250, 252

E-scooters
, 62, 74, 131, 144, 149, 151, 153, 237, 240, 247, 250, 252

EasyMile
, 160

Ecosystem
, 222–226

Electric mobility
, 96, 98, 100, 105

Electric motor
, 97–99

Electric vehicles

advent of
, 100

autonomous driving in
, 83

charging station for
, 62, 222, 235

development, production, and marketing of
, 98

measuring electromagnetic radiation levels in
, 105

registrations
, 98

SUVs in
, 98

eMaaS
, 132

Emissions
, 27–29, 269–270

Environmental model
, 92–93, 95

Europe
, 61–63

European Green Deal
, 138

Experience time
, 198–199

Facebook
, 101, 214, 262

Federal-Aid Highway Act
, 38

Finnish city of Helsinki
, 62

Fleet management
, 84, 141

Food

delivery service
, 162

transport
, 159

Ford
, 19–20, 143, 164

Ford, Henry
, 19, 81–85, 97, 139, 213

Fraunhofer Society
, 261

Free-floating approach
, 109

Freedom of movement
, 9, 290

Futurama City model
, 39

German Road Traffic Ordinance
, 204

Gett
, 2174

2GetThere
, 160

Global Mobility Service
, 143

GM
, 143, 169

Google
, 13, 53, 85, 94, 101, 132, 142, 175, 208, 215, 218, 262, 287

Google’s Android Auto
, 225

GoogleMaps
, 132

Grab
, 86–87, 132, 143

Green Class
, 155–156

Greenhouse gas emissions
, 28, 68

Gross domestic product (GDP)
, 16, 33–34, 48, 60, 68, 111, 217, 282

Ground-level streets
, 64

Hamburg
, 132

Helsinki
, 129, 232–233

HERE
, 94

HereMobility
, 132

High-density metropolises
, 247

Hopes
, 185–187

HUB CHAIN in Germany
, 73

Hubs
, 154–156

Human–machine interface
, 206–207, 210

Hyundai Motor Group
, 179

i-Cristal self-driving vehicle
, 160

iMove
, 131

Incentives
, 243–245, 286–287

Inclusive mobility
, 279–280

Information and communication technology (ICT)
, 171, 224

Innovative approaches
, 210–211

Inrix Global Traffic Scorecard
, 25

Intel
, 140, 173–174

Interior design of self-driving pods and shuttles
, 211

Intermodal transportation
, 150

IoMob
, 131

Itaquaquecetuba
, 17

ITNAmerica
, 73

Jelbi app
, 131, 239

Jobs and prosperity
, 259

mobility
, 262–263

stakes
, 259–261

Johnson Controls
, 143

Joy
, 21–22

Juicar
, 214

Justride
, 131

Katy Freeway
, 64–65

Kayasehir
, 73

Land use
, 30–32

LG Chem
, 99

Licences
, 241

Lidar
, 92–93, 283

Light rail vehicles (LRVs)
, 150

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs)
, 205

Like2drive
, 214

Lime
, 74, 144, 237–238

Los Angeles
, 18, 68

greenhouse gas emissions in
, 28

metropolitan region
, 72

public transportation in
, 51

traffic jams in
, 23

Luminar
, 140

Lyft
, 74, 86, 109–110, 135, 217, 241, 276

MaaS4EU
, 131

Machine learning
, 93, 139, 195

Machines
, 206–208

Made in China 2025
, 281

Magna
, 81, 143

Mapping
, 96

Marina Grove Retirement Village in Toormina
, 177

Marine traffic
, 204

Masdar City
, 64

Melbourne
, 64

Mercedes
, 143

Metropolitan regions
, 52

Mexico City
, 13–16

Michelin
, 143

Micro-mobility
, 28, 35, 83, 134, 144, 150, 153, 230, 236–240

Migration to megacities
, 49

MinRejseplan app
, 131

15-minute city
, 231–233

Mobileye
, 93, 122, 140, 160, 164, 173–174, 178, 224

Mobility
, 3–8, 11–20, 35, 117, 262–263, 275–277, 285, 289–290

city changes gear
, 278–279

concept
, 145–147

cost
, 33–35

criticism
, 6

designed for people
, 286

as form of social interaction
, 204–205

fundamental rethinking
, 5

hubs
, 154–156

as human right
, 8–10

idea of developing
, 77

inclusive mobility
, 279–280

platforms
, 108, 141–142

revolution
, 285

services
, 117, 141

sufficient
, 76

system
, 65

well-functioning
, 14

Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS)
, 7, 22, 42, 57, 69, 76–77, 117–121, 139, 149, 167, 243, 265, 277, 286–288, 291–292

age of
, 100

aim
, 149

benefits
, 122–124

contours of
, 42

customer benefits
, 288

drawbacks
, 259

with electric, self-driving vehicles
, 59

expectations for
, 193–196

idea of
, 158

initiatives
, 281

investing in
, 171

key aspect
, 130

launching
, 114

and pandemic
, 179–181

potential trends in
, 174

sharing
, 124–126

space and time efficiency of modes of transportation
, 123

technology for
, 96

in United States
, 124

urban utopias
, 126–127

MobilityX
, 131

Model T
, 19, 97

MoGo Bikes
, 74

MOIA
, 108

Moovit app
, 134–135, 142, 173, 217

Multimodal transportation
, 66, 114, 129, 149–154, 281–282

mobility hubs
, 154–156

systems
, 260

myCicero
, 132

MyCorridor
, 131

myTaxi
, 108

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA)
, 26–27, 33, 267

Nauto
, 143

NaviGogo
, 131

Navya
, 160

Neckermann Strategic Advisors
, 83–84

Netflix
, 85, 101, 105, 142, 215, 218, 225–226

New virtual world
, 196–198

New York
, 87, 107

City Subway
, 111

commuters in
, 11–12

Nitrogen monoxide
, 29

North America
, 64–67

Nuro
, 160

Nvidia
, 140, 143

Oliver Twist (Dickens)
, 197

On-demand bus services
, 63

Open Streets
, 233–234

Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
, 16, 55

Ottawa
, 65

Otto
, 174

Panasonic
, 9

Paris
, 87, 233

autonomous vehicles company in
, 93

BlaBlaCar established in
, 125

micro-mobility in
, 238

mobility in
, 107

notion of reinventing
, 232

Paris Agreement
, 53, 68, 138, 285, 291

Paris Climate Agreement
, 53

Parking lots
, 55–58

Parking spaces
, 57

Particulate emissions
, 29

Particulate matter (PM)
, 28

PM 2.5 standard
, 28–29

Pearl River Delta
, 49–50

Pedestrian zone
, 67, 121, 180, 277–278

People with disabilities
, 8–10, 66

Phoenix
, 87, 177, 282

Piazze Aperte (Open Plazas) project plans
, 234

Pittsburgh
, 38, 53, 164, 282, 288

Platooning
, 175

Pods and shuttles
, 146, 150, 157

car
, 157–162

delivery services
, 162–165

Pontevedra
, 121, 278–279

Pony. ai
, 140

Poverty
, 8, 275

Private car sharing companies
, 236

Private transportation
, 124, 146

Prosperity
, 11

commuters in New York
, 11–12

Ford and American Middle Class
, 19–20

Maria and Olivia
, 16–19

Mexico City, São Paulo, and Switzerland
, 13–16

workers in Chicago
, 12–13

Public transit
, 18

Public transportation
, 17, 124

Radar
, 92–93

Radio City Music Hall
, 135–136

Rail network
, 14, 16, 112

ReachNow
, 131–132

Residents
, 11, 14, 51–52, 59–60

Ride-hailing
, 66, 76, 86, 108, 109–112, 125, 133–134, 142–143, 179, 194, 217

Ride-pooling
, 86, 108, 110–112, 125, 134, 142

Ride-sharing
, 65, 86, 108, 110–112, 125, 188

Rinspeed’s Variable Shuttle
, 159

Roads
, 55–58

traffic
, 204

Robotaxi service
, 160

Royal Hill Park housing development in Surrey
, 276

Rural areas

rural lifestyles
, 74–77

suburbanisation
, 71–74

Samsung
, 99

São Paulo
, 13–16

Scandinavian cities
, 62, 233

Scenarios
, 249–252

Scoop
, 74

Scooters
, 122, 144

Sedans
, 141

Self-driving cars
, 90, 145

Self-driving electric cars
, 57–58

Self-driving pods and shuttles
, 7, 174, 199, 211, 243

Self-driving vehicles
, 85, 122, 140–141, 154, 157, 160, 174, 248–249

Self-evident truths for auto industry execs
, 40–42

Sensing
, 96

Sensor systems
, 83, 92

Shanghai
, 87

Shanghai Metropolitan Region
, 49

Shared mobility
, 112

Shared transportation
, 124

ShareNow
, 109

Sharing
, 86, 108, 113–114, 124–126

diverging views on
, 114

traffic reduction by
, 107–112

Shift2MaaS
, 131

Silicon Valley of mobility industry
, 153

Silicon Valley of the East
, 53

Simulation
, 248–249

SIXT
, 109

SkedGo
, 131

Smartphones
, 114, 122, 176, 198, 225, 289

Social cohesion
, 62

Social costs of mobility

accidents
, 25–27

emissions
, 27–29

infrastructure
, 35–36

joy and sorrow
, 21–22

land use
, 29–32

mobility cost
, 33–35

traffic jams
, 23–25

vehicle usage
, 22–23

Social prestige
, 130, 137

Softbank
, 143

Sorrow
, 21–22

South Korea
, 235

mobility in
, 235

pilot connected and autonomous driving in
, 281

traffic situation in
, 221

Space
, 271–273

Spanish city of Pontevedra
, 278

SPLT
, 74

Sport utility vehicles (SUVs)
, 29, 38, 141, 216

Squares
, 233–234

Stakes
, 259–261

Star Wars
, 196

Starbucks
, 85, 102, 143, 287

Stationary car sharing
, 109

Suburbanisation
, 71–74

Suburbs
, 72–73

Subway
, 133

Sunshine State
, 177

Super-islands
, 233

Superblocks
, 233–234

Suppliers
, 84, 84

Supply chain disintegration

change drivers
, 85–87

changing face of value added
, 81–85

Switzerland
, 13–16

Tablets
, 225

Taxi
, 133

industry
, 240

Teams
, 4

Technical supervision
, 141

Tel Aviv
, 93, 151–153, 178, 282

Telecoms
, 85

Teleoperations
, 85, 141, 243

Tesla
, 173, 215, 236

driver-assisted vehicle
, 267

TimesUpp
, 132

Tokyo
, 87

autonomous vehicles company in
, 93

light rail
, 10

megacity
, 46

transportation
, 152

TomTom
, 94, 233

Toxic nitrogen dioxide
, 29

Toyota
, 143, 236

Traffic, 55, 204 (see also Vehicles)

cars, roads, and parking lots
, 55–58

children and
, 58–59

cities
, 59–60

congestion
, 23–24

jams
, 14, 23–25, 108

light
, 63–64, 67–68, 92–94, 103

planning
, 252–254

reduction by sharing
, 107–112

Trafi
, 131

Trains
, 117, 122–123

Tram
, 133

Transport for London (TfL)
, 143, 151, 276

Transportation
, 8–9, 171–173, 245

policy
, 11

spatial footprint of modes
, 32

systems
, 124

throughput of different modes
, 31

Travel
, 3–8

options suggested by Moovit App
, 135

Travellers in Tokyo
, 152

Twitter
, 142, 218

Uber
, 74, 76, 86–87, 109–111, 135, 142–143, 161, 174, 215, 217, 241

UbiGo
, 131, 217

Udelv vehicles
, 164

UK Road Haulage Association
, 175

Urban utopias
, 126–127

Urbanisation
, 52

US Department of Transportation
, 66

V2X communication
, 104

Value added
, 81–85

Value chain
, 288

elements
, 139–145

investments
, 144

mobility concept
, 145–147

Vans
, 141

Vehicle-to-everything communication
, 104

Vehicle-to-infrastructure communication
, 83, 90, 104

Vehicle-to-vehicle communication (V2V communication)
, 83, 102–104

Vehicles
, 64

design
, 209

interiors209–211

usage
, 22–23

Via
, 74, 110, 131–132

Villages
, 177

Virtual reality applications
, 197

Vision Zero
, 68, 289

ViveLaCar
, 214

Volkswagen
, 143, 261

Volvo
, 269

Walmart
, 160, 162, 164

Waymo
, 140, 177, 218

Waze
, 217

Wearables
, 225

Whim app
, 129–130, 142, 217

Wishes
, 185–187

Workers in Chicago
, 12–13

World Bank
, 33, 111–112

World Economic Forum
, 33–34, 55, 163

World Health Organization (WHO)
, 229

World’s Fair in New York (1939)
, 38

Wunder Mobility
, 132, 224–225

Yutong
, 161

ZF
, 160

Zoom
, 4

Zoox
, 163