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The purpose of this paper is to present a hybrid numerical simulation approach for the calculation of potential and electric field distribution considering charge and dielectric constant.

Each numerical method has its own advantages and disadvantages. The idea is to overcome the disadvantages of the corresponding numerical method by coupling with other numerical methods. An augmented finite element method (FEM), linear FEM and boundary element method are used with an efficient coupling.

The simulation model of microstructured devices is not so simple. During the simulation various types of problems will occur. It is found that by using several numerical methods these problems can be overcome and the calculation can be performed efficiently.

The present approach can be applied in 2D cases. But, in 3D cases the calculation of augmented FEM in a spherical coordinate becomes quite elaborate.

The proposed hybrid numerical simulation approach can be applied for the simulation of the electrostatic force microscope (EFM) which is a very high‐resolution measuring tool in nanotechnology. This approach can be applied also to other micro‐electro‐mechanical systems.

Since the scanning process of the EFM is dynamic, it requires the updating of the FEM mesh in each calculation time step. In the present paper, the mesh updating is achieved by an arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian (ALE) method. The proposed numerical approach can be applied for the simulation of the EFM including this remeshing algorithm ALE.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a method which allows the calculation of the interactions of tip and sample of a magnetic force microscope as a first step to increase the accuracy of this technique.

The emerging magnetic interactions between the cantilever tip and an arbitrary magnetized sample can be evaluated by the use of several numerical methods. For modelling this magnetically and mechanically coupled multiscale problem the finite element method is implemented.

The evaluated magnetic fields interact in such a manner that a constructive overlap at the tip apex occurs. This leads to attractive forces acting on the cantilever.

In order to include the magneto‐mechanical coupling, the implementation of a detailed force calculation is necessary. Furthermore, a hysteresis model is not yet considered.

Magnetic force microscopy is a very sensitive technique. For instance, ideally the end of the tip consists of only one atom, but this is not realizable. Measurement errors cannot be avoided. This approach is the first step in developing an opportunity to soften them.

One opportunity to verify real‐time magnetic force microscope measurements is the comparison with theoretical considerations and calculations of the occurring magnetic distribution by using this technique. For this reason this paper deals with a new micromagnetic model to simulate the interactions between tip and sample of a scanning process of a magnetic force microscope.

Engagement in meaningful occupations and being included as full citizens of the community, is essential in everyday life, and may be of considerable relevance for recovery and quality of life. However, persons with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems experience extensive obstacles to engagement in occupations and citizenship. The relationship between objective measures of occupational status and subjective experiences of occupational meaningfulness, citizenship and recovery, is scarcely researched in the context of co-occurring problems. As such, the purpose of this study is to examine associations between occupational status, occupational meaningfulness, citizenship and recovery and quality of life and to examine the roles of occupational meaningfulness and citizenship as possible mediators between occupational status and recovery and quality of life.

The study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 104 residents at supported housing sites across six Norwegian cities.

Linear regression analyzes indicated that occupational status was significantly associated with the citizenship domains caring for others and community participation and with the quality of life measure positive affect. Occupational meaningfulness and citizenship were significantly associated with different domains of recovery and quality of life. Furthermore, mediation analyzes showed that the relationship between occupational status and recovery and quality of life was mediated by caring for others and community participation.

The results suggest that emphasizing opportunities for occupational meaningfulness and citizenship in practice may have positive implications for recovery among persons with co-occurring problems.

This chapter focuses on the state-of-the-art modeling approaches used in Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) and the frameworks for researching and operationalizing individual and group models of performance, knowledge, and interaction. We adapt several ITS methodologies to model team performance as well as individuals’ performance of the team members. We briefly describe the point processes proposed by von Davier and Halpin (2013), and we also introduce the Competency Architecture for Learning in teaMs (CALM) framework, an extension of the Generalized Intelligent Framework for Tutoring (GIFT) (Sottilare, Brawner, Goldberg, & Holden, 2012) to be used for team settings.

This article's aim is to provide an annotated bibliographic resource guide for scholars researching Larry Heinemann, an author whose novels are frequently studied in association with Vietnam War literature.

Searches were performed using a variety of bibliographic databases in literature and library science and the world wide web to discover interviews and literary criticism spanning 32 years of Heinemann's career.

Though often controversial, Heinemann's works represent a significant and provocative study in the literature of the Vietnam War. Major themes in the literary criticism and interviews annotated emphasize the vulnerabilities of the working‐class, how returning and traumatized veterans reincorporate into society, American myths’ role in fiction, and gendering of enemies.

No other annotated bibliography currently exists for those interested in researching or collecting Larry Heinemann's texts.

Two paradoxes constitute the discourse of human rights. One concerns the relationship between “the human” and “the political”; the other invokes the opposition between the universalist moral character of human rights and the practical, particular context in which they become manifest. This chapter argues how and why these paradoxes will not go away – a good thing, too – over and against classical and contemporary writers who have argued for the priority of one or the other. After elucidating the powerful and enduring character of these paradoxes in history and political theory, I argue that human rights discourse only makes sense in terms of the arguably more primary discourses of democracy, political virtue, and justice if it is to avoid being a deceptive, rhetorical cover for dubious political practices.

To advance the learning of professional practices in teacher education and medical education, this conceptual paper aims to introduce the idea of representational scaffolding for digital simulations in higher education.

This study outlines the ideas of core practices in two important fields of higher education, namely, teacher and medical education. To facilitate future professionals’ learning of relevant practices, using digital simulations for the approximation of practice offers multiple options for selecting and adjusting representations of practice situations. Adjusting the demands of the learning task in simulations by selecting and modifying representations of practice to match relevant learner characteristics can be characterized as representational scaffolding. Building on research on problem-solving and scientific reasoning, this article identifies leverage points for employing representational scaffolding.

The four suggested sets of representational scaffolds that target relevant features of practice situations in simulations are: informational complexity, typicality, required agency and situation dynamics. Representational scaffolds might be implemented in a strategy for approximating practice that involves the media design, sequencing and adaptation of representational scaffolding.

The outlined conceptualization of representational scaffolding can systematize the design and adaptation of digital simulations in higher education and might contribute to the advancement of future professionals’ learning to further engage in professional practices. This conceptual paper offers a necessary foundation and terminology for approaching related future research.

Although a lot of research has been done on the link between self-employment and unemployment, often focusing on the short-run of the relationship, the long-run association between the two variables has not received adequate attention. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

In this paper the authors examine the long-run relationship between self-employment and unemployment using panel cointegration methods allowing for structural breaks and covering a wide range of European OECD countries using the COMPENDIA data set over the period 1990-2011.

The findings indicate that a long-run relationship between self-employment and unemployment exist in the panel, but the cointegrating coefficients are unstable.

The estimates finds positive and statistically significant long-run association between self-employment and unemployment exists for more than 50 per cent of the countries included in the sample after the break. For the rest of the countries the authors find either negative or statistically insignificant association.

SMEs could achieve their innovation goals, either through exploitation, exploratory, or ambidextrous learning strategies. This study presents ambidexterity as a more effective and efficient strategy that offers superior innovation advantage to SMEs. We also present the role of openness in this relationship.

Empirical analysis was based on 388 SMEs in Ghana. Various validity and reliability checks were conducted before the presentation of the actual analysis, which was conducted using Ordinary Least Squares approach, run using SPSS (v. 20).

Findings indicate that although exploitative and exploratory learning strategies individually had a positive significant effect on SMEs' innovation performance, organizational learning ambidexterity was found to have a greater positive impact on innovation performance among SMEs. High levels of openness further boosted the effect of organizational learning ambidexterity on SMEs’ innovation performance.

This study was conducted without recourse to some specific factors that could influence organizational learning ambidexterity among SMEs. Future studies should thus pay particular attention to the determinants of organizational learning ambidexterity among SMEs.

Innovation performance is very critical for the sustainability of firms, and SMEs in particular. Management of SMEs must therefore seek to simultaneously adopt both learning strategies, as that gives firms greater advantage, compared to the adoption of only one strategy.

The study demonstrates that organizational learning ambidexterity had a superior effect on SMEs' innovation performance. High levels of openness further boosted the effect of organizational learning ambidexterity on SMEs' innovation performance.