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This work introduces an integrated artificial intelligence schemes to enhance accurately predicting the mechanical properties of cellulosic fibers towards boosting their reliability for more sustainable industries.

Fuzzy clustering and stacked method approach were utilized to predict the mechanical performance of the fibers. A reference dataset contains comprehensive information regarding mechanical behavior of the lignocellulosic fibers was compiled from previous experimental investigations on mechanical properties for eight different fiber materials. Data encompass three key factors: Density of 0.9–1.6 g/cm³, Diameter of 5.9–1,000 µm, and Microfibrillar angle of 2–49 deg were utilized. Initially, fuzzy clustering technique was utilized for the data. For validating proposed model, ultimate tensile strength and elongation at break were predicted and then examined against unseen new data that had not been used during model development.

The output results demonstrated remarkably accurate and highly acceptable predictions results. The error analysis for the proposed method was discussed by using statistical criteria. The stacked model proved to be effective in significantly reducing level of uncertainty in predicting the mechanical properties, thereby enhancing model’s reliability and precision. The study demonstrates the robustness and efficacy of the stacked method in accurately estimating mechanical properties of lignocellulosic fibers, making it a valuable tool for material scientists and engineers in various applications.

Cellulosic fibers are essential for biomaterials to enhance developing green sustainable bio-products. However, such fibers have diverse characteristics according to their types, chemical composition and structure causing inconsistent mechanical performance. This work introduces an integrated artificial intelligence schemes to enhance accurately predicting the mechanical properties of cellulosic fibers towards boosting their reliability for more sustainable industries. Fuzzy clustering and stacked method approach were utilized to predict the mechanical performance of the fibers.

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is a remarkable biocompatible material for bone cement and regeneration. It is also considered 3D printable but requires in-depth process–structure–properties studies. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic effects of processing parameters and sterilization on PMMA-based implants.

The approach comprised manufacturing samples with different raster angle orientations to capitalize on the influence of the filament alignment with the loading direction. One sample set was sterilized using an autoclave, while another was kept as a reference. The samples underwent a comprehensive characterization regimen of mechanical tension, compression and flexural testing. Thermal and microscale mechanical properties were also analyzed to explore the extent of the appreciated modifications as a function of processing conditions.

Thermal and microscale mechanical properties remained almost unaltered, whereas the mesoscale mechanical behavior varied from the as-printed to the after-autoclaving specimens. Although the mechanical behavior reported a pronounced dependence on the printing orientation, sterilization had minimal effects on the properties of 3D printed PMMA structures. Nonetheless, notable changes in appearance were attributed, and heat reversed as a response to thermally driven conformational rearrangements of the molecules.

This research further deepens the viability of 3D printed PMMA for biomedical applications, contributing to the overall comprehension of the polymer and the thermal processes associated with its implementation in biomedical applications, including personalized implants.

This study aims to address the limited understanding of the complex correlations among strut size, structural orientation and process parameters in selective laser melting (SLM)-fabricated lattice structures. By investigating the effects of crucial process parameters, strut diameter and angle on the microstructure and mechanical performance of AlSi10Mg struts, the research seeks to enhance the surface morphologies, microstructures and mechanical properties of AM lattice structures, enabling their application in various engineering fields, including medical science and space technologies.

This comprehensive study investigates SLM-fabricated AlSi10Mg strut structures, examining the effects of process parameters, strut diameter and angle on densification behavior and microstructural characteristics. By analyzing microstructure, geometrical properties, melt pool morphology and mechanical properties using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and microhardness tests, the research addresses existing gaps in knowledge on fine lattice strut elements and their impact on surface morphology and microstructure.

The study revealed that laser energy, power density and strut inclination angle significantly impact the microstructure, geometrical properties and mechanical performance of SLM-produced AlSi10Mg struts. Findings insight enable the optimization of SLM process parameters to produce lattice structures with enhanced surface morphologies, microstructures and mechanical properties, paving the way for applications in medical science and space technologies.

This study uniquely investigates the effects of processing parameters, strut diameter and inclination angle on SLM-fabricated AlSi10Mg struts, focusing on fine lattice strut elements with diameters as small as 200 µm. Unlike existing literature, it delves into the complex correlations among strut size, structural orientation and process parameters to understand their impact on microstructure, geometrical imperfections and mechanical properties. The study provides novel insights that contribute to the optimization of SLM process parameters, moving beyond the typically recommended guidelines from powder or machine suppliers.

This study aims to understand the effect of the use of different proportions and types of fibers in the polyamide 6 (PA6) matrix during material extrusion-based additive manufacturing (MEX) and the effect of the manufacturing parameters on the mechanical properties. The mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of PA composites that are reinforced with carbon fiber (CF), glass fiber (GF) and as well as hybrid fiber (HF) were investigated.

In this study, the effect of nozzle temperature and layer thickness on the mechanical properties of composite samples was investigated in terms of their behavior under tensile, impact and compression loads, manufacturing parameters as well as fiber ratio and type. The results were also consolidated by scanning electron microscopy.

At 20 Wt.% CF reinforcement PA6 samples, a tensile strength value of 125 MPa was obtained with a 60% increase in tensile strength value compared to neatPA6. The HF-reinforced ones also measured a tensile strength value of 106.69 MPa. This corresponds to an increase of 38% compared to neatPA6. The results also show that HF reinforcement can be an important component for many composites and a suitable material for use under compression loading.

PA6, an engineering polymer, can be produced by MEX, which offers several advantages for complex geometries and customized designs. There are studies on different carbon and GF ratios in the PA6 matrix. Using these fibers together in a HF, the examination of their mechanical properties in the MEX method and the examination of the effect of GF reinforcement in the hybrid structure, which has a cost-reducing effect, has been an innovative approach. In this study, the results of the optimization of the parameters affecting the mechanical properties in the production of samples reinforced with different ratios and types of fibers in the PA6 matrix by the MEX method are presented.

Extrusion width, the width of printed filaments, affects multiple critical aspects in mechanical properties in material extrusion additive manufacturing: filament geometry, interlayer load-bearing bonded area and fibre orientation for fibre-reinforced composites. However, this study aims to understand the effects of extrusion width on 3D printed composites, which has never been studied systematically.

Four polymers with and without short-fibre reinforcement were 3D printed into single-filament-wide specimens. Tensile properties, mechanical anisotropy and fracture mechanisms were evaluated along the direction of extruded filaments (F) and normal to the interlayer bond (Z). Extrusion width, nozzle temperature and layer height were studied separately via single-variable control. The extrusion width was controlled by adjusting polymer flow in the manufacturing procedure (gcode), where optimisation can be achieved with software/structure design as opposed to hardware.

Increasing extrusion width caused a transition from brittle to ductile fracture, and greatly reduced directional anisotropy for strength and ductility. For all short fibre composites, increasing width led to an increase in strain-at-break and decreased strength and stiffness in the F direction. In the Z direction, increasing width led to increased strength and strain-at-break, and stiffness decreased for less ductile materials but increased for more ductile materials.

The transformable fracture reveals the important role of extrusion width in processing-structure-property correlation. This study reveals a new direction for future research and industrial practice in controlling anisotropy in additive manufacturing. Increasing extrusion width may be the simplest way to reduce anisotropy while improving printing time and quality in additive manufacturing.

Through this study, four different types of woven fabric structures were created by using cotton/banana blends with a 70:30 ratio by varying the weaving specifications. This study aims to investigate the comfort and mechanical properties of these woven materials.

Taguchi L16 experimental design (5 factors and 4 levels) with response surface methodology tool was used to optimize mechanical and comfort characteristics. The yarn samples used in this study are cotton/banana with a blend ratio of 70:30. Fabric type (A), grams per square metre (GSM; B), yarn count (C), fabric thickness (D) and cloth cover factor (E) are the chosen process characteristics.

The highest tensile strength and tearing strength of the cotton/banana blended fabric samples were obtained as 326.3 N and 90.3 k.gf/cm, respectively. Similarly, the highest thermal conductivity and overall moisture management capacity values were found to be 0.6628 and 3.06 W/mK X10⁻⁴, respectively. The optimized process parameters for obtaining maximum mechanical properties were using canvas fabric structure, 182 GSM, 36^s Ne yarn count, 0.48 mm fabric thickness and 23.5 cloth cover factor. Similarly, the optimized process parameters for obtaining maximum comfort properties were achieved using a twill fabric structure, 182 GSM, 32^s Ne yarn count, 0.4 mm fabric thickness and 23 cloth cover factor.

In contrast to synthetic fabrics, banana fibre and its blended materials are significant ecological solutions for apparel and functional clothing. Products made from banana fibre are a sustainable and green alternative to conventional fabrics. Banana fibre obtained from the pseudostem of the plant has an appearance similar to ramie and bamboo fibres. Numerous studies showed that banana fibre could absorb significant moisture and be spun into yarn through ring and rotor spinning technology. On the other hand, this fibre can be easily combined with cotton, jute, wool and synthetic fibre. The present utilization of pseudostem of banana plant fibre is very minimal. This type of research improves the usability of bananas their blended fabrics as apparel and functional wear.

While performance demands in the natural world are varied, graded lattice structures reveal distinctive mechanical properties with tremendous engineering application potential. For biomechanical functions where mechanical qualities are required from supporting under external loading and permeability is crucial which affects bone tissue engineering, the geometric design in lattice structure for bone scaffolds in loading-bearing applications is necessary. However, when tweaking structural traits, these two factors frequently clash. For graded lattice structures, this study aims to develop a design-optimization strategy to attain improved attributes across different domains.

To handle diverse stress states, parametric modeling is used to produce strut-based lattice structures with spatially varied densities. The tailored initial gradients in lattice structure are subject to automatic property evaluation procedure that hinges on finite element method and computational fluid dynamics simulations. The geometric parameters of lattice structures with numerous objectives are then optimized using an iterative optimization process based on a non-dominated genetic algorithm.

The initial stress-based design of graded lattice structure with spatially variable densities is generated based on the stress conditions. The results from subsequent dual-objective optimization show a series of topologies with gradually improved trade-offs between mechanical properties and permeability.

In this study, a novel structural design-optimization methodology is proposed for mathematically optimizing strut-based graded lattice structures to achieve enhanced performance in multiple domains.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of doping element on the structural, thermal properties, mechanical performance and the failure mechanism of hexagonal nano boron nitride (h-BN)-reinforced basalt fabric (BF)/epoxy composites produced by hand lay-up and vacuum bagging technique. h-BN particles doped to composite materials increased the tensile, bending and impact strength of the composite at certain rates while 1 Wt. % h- BN addition shows the highest tensile and flexural strength.

The epoxy resin was doped with h-BN nanopowder at the certain rates (0, 1, 2 and 4 Wt.%) and the epoxy: hardener ratios used in the study were selected as 80%: 20% by weight. Then, with the aid of a roller by hand lay-up method, a mixture of epoxy + hardeners containing nanoparticles and nanoparticle-free were fed onto BFs, 12 layers of each dimension 30 cm × 30 cm. The surplus epoxy resin was moved away from the composite sheets using the vacuum bagging process and left to cure at room temperature for 24 h. ASTM D3039 for tensile, D7264 for three-point bending and D256 for Izod impact test were performed for the mechanical tests. After the tensile test, the morphologies of the fracture surface were examined with a stereomicroscope and various failure mechanisms are highlighted.

In this study, a series of basalt/epoxy composites with h-BN nanopowders have been prepared to identify the effect of filler ratio on mechanical properties. It has been known from the results of mechanical experiments that the addition of h-BN improves the mechanical performance of materials at a certain rate. The tensile and flexural strengths of h-BN doped composites, increase for concentrations of 1 Wt.% h-BN, but decrease with the increasing content of it. The basalt/epoxy resin composite with higher mechanical properties could be a potential material in the automotive and aerospace industries.

The aim of this study is to contribute to literature within the context of this new combination of composites and their mechanical properties, failure mechanisms. It presents detailed characterization of each composite by using X-ray differaction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy.

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is one of the most researched and fastest-growing AM technique because of its capability to produce larger components with medium complexity. In recent times, the use of WAAM process has been increased because of its ability to produce complex components economically when compared with other AM techniques. The purpose of this study is to investigate the capabilities of wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), which has emerged as a recognized method for fabricating larger components with complex geometries.

This paper provides a review of process parameters for optimizing and analyzing mechanical properties, hardness, microstructure and corrosion behavior achieved through various WAAM-based techniques.

Limited analysis exists regarding the mechanical properties of various orientations of Inconel 625 alloy. Moreover, there is a lack of studies concerning the corrosion behavior of Inconel 625 alloy fabricated using WAAM.

The review identifies that the formation of intermetallic phases reduces the desirability of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of WAAM-fabricated Inconel 625 alloy. Additionally, the study reported notable results obtained by various research studies and the improvements to be achieved in the future.

Wire-arc-based additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising technology for the efficient and economical fabrication of medium-large components. However, the anisotropic behavior of the multilayered WAAM-fabricated components remains a challenging problem.

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive study of the grain morphology, crystallographic orientation and texture in three regions of the WAAM printed component. Furthermore, the interdependence of the grain morphology in different regions of the fabricated component with their mechanical and tribological properties was established.

The electron back-scattered diffraction analysis of the top and bottom regions revealed fine recrystallized grains, whereas the middle regions acquired columnar grains with an average size of approximately 8.980 µm. The analysis revealed a higher misorientation angle and an intense crystallographic texture in the upper and lower regions. The investigations found a higher microhardness value of 168.93 ± 1.71 HV with superior wear resistance in the bottom region. The quantitative evaluation of the residual stress detected higher compressive stress in the upper regions. Evidence for comparable ultimate tensile strength and greater elongation (%) compared to its wrought counterpart has been observed.

The study found a good correlation between the grain morphology in different regions of the WAAM-fabricated component and their mechanical and wear properties. The Hall–Petch relationship also established good agreement between the grain morphology and tensile test results. Improved ductility compared to its wrought counterpart was observed. The anisotropy exists with improved mechanical properties along the longitudinal direction. Moreover, cylindrical components have superior tribological properties compared with cuboidal components.