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Several new condensed carbocyclic arylazopyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine derivatives were obtained from 4‐arylazo‐3,5‐diaminopyrazoles as starting components. The application and dye characteristics for the synthesized dyes are demonstrated.

Several new pyridine‐2(1H)‐thione and thieno[2,3‐b]pyridine derivatives containing an arylazo function were obtained. The application and characteristics for the synthesised dyes are demonstrated.

The synthesis and chemistry of nitrogen heterocyclic azo compounds have been extensively studied. Many derivatives of this type were proved to be excellent dyes. Presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of all recently synthesised nitrogen heterocyclic azo dyes according to dyeing methods.

This paper aims to synthesize some new heterocyclic disperse azo dyes and their application in dyeing of polyester and polyamide fabrics.

Pyrazolopyrimidine derivatives containing arylazo function by the reaction of 3,5‐ diaminopyrazole with ketene dithioacetals were prepared. The prepared dyestuffs are established using elemental analysis, IR measurements, ¹H‐NMR and Mass spectra.

2,5‐diamino‐3‐arylazo‐N‐aryl‐6‐carboxamide‐7‐methylthio‐pyrazolo[1,5‐a]pyrimidine have been synthesized by the simple method. The dyed fabrics have a very good (4‐5) to excellent (5) results toward washing, perspiration, and rubbing fastness properties. The dyes are superior in terms of preparation and fastness properties.

The disperse azo dyes used in this paper were synthesized via a step‐wise pathway leading to the new azo dyes. In addition, the variations in substituents and sites of location on the heterocyclic moiety could also be studied.

The new azo dye systems based on substituted pyrazolopyrimidine provided a series of azo dyes with improved dyeing properties. The dyes are superior in terms of yield, purity, colour strength, and fastness properties and will lead to valuable achievements for commercial production.

The synthesized disperse azo dyes are superior in terms of preparation, yield, purity, and fastness properties.

The purpose of this paper is to prepare new disperse dyes and apply for dying polyester fabrics.

The synthetic reaction was carried out through two steps: preparation of arylhydrazones and alkylation using enaminone and dimethylaminovinyl-pyridazine. The high temperature method was used to apply these dyes to polyester fibres.

The study revealed that there is a significant effect of the new prepared disperse dyes on polyester fabrics. The structures of the prepared dyes were established based on elemental analysis and spectral data (infra red (IR), mass spectrometry (MS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR), carbon 13^th nuclear magnetic resonance (¹³C-NMR)).

Disperse dyes containing heterocyclic moiety have attracted great academic and industrial attention owing to their significant. The potential of using disperse dyes easily prepared from arylhydrazones are promise broad applications for these dyes.

The presence of N-thienyl and N-pyridazinyl in the structure of the synthesised disperse dyes would be expected to add the bioactivity advantage. Also, it can be used in formulating the antimicrobial fabrics.

The N-thienyl and N-pyrdiazinyl derivatives of azo dyes are expected to be superior to in the application for fabrics. It may be useful for other applications like painting.

This paper helps to synthesise novel thiophene or pyridazine-based dyestuff for application in dying properties on polyester fabric and study their fastness properties.

Describes the synthesis and testing of a group of dyes, derived from heterocyclic compounds containing thiazole ring systems. Gives a comparative analysis of the dyes’ washing, perspiration and rubbing fastness when applied to synthetic fabrics.

The purpose of this paper is to synthesise, characterise and find out properties of some new arylazopyridone disperse dyes, bearing different substituents on coupling component of the dyes.

The dyes are synthesised by diazotisation, coupling and cyclization reactions, starting from various aryldiazonium salts and different β‐diketoesters followed by condensation with cyanoacetamide. The structures of these dyes are characterised and confirmed by melting point, elemental analysis, infrared, ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopy (UV/VIS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H‐NMR) data. Their absorption properties in different solvents are also investigated.

The wavelength of maximum absorptions, molar extinction coefficients are strongly dependent on the electron donating ability of the substituents on the coupling moiety. The absorption bands of these dyes move towards longer wavelength as the polarity of the solvents and electron density of substituents on the coupling moiety increase. These dyes are chromophorically strong as evidenced by molar extinction coefficient in solvents.

In this paper, four series of arylazopyridone dyes (21 dyes) are synthesised and characterised. They have not been registered in the literature previously.

This study aims to investigate the nature of the relationship between the state and civil society after the 2011 uprising.

The study adopted Mygdal’s approach to analyze the relationship between the state and civil society and identify their ability to control the rules of the political game. The study also draws on the theoretical framework of the hypotheses introduced by a number of scholars on the forms of potential relations between the state and civil society, and the impact of these forms on advancing the process of democratization.

This study argues that despite some important changes in favor of civil society vis-à-vis the state, it is too early to conclude that a dramatic change has occurred in this relationship, due to a discernable unbalanced power in favor of the state. The state revealed after 2011 that these organizations acted against the state’s stability and against its fundamentals.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this research is the first to study the relationship between the state and the civil society in Egypt after 2011 events.

The aim of this review is to explore recent literature regarding the development of fall detector technology as part of a service evaluation on the use of fall detectors across the region funded by NHS West Midlands. It also aims to explore the application and the use of products designed to detect falls and alert for help from end‐user and health and social care staff perspectives.

A comprehensive review of the literature of the last ten years was conducted, search terms were used to identify relevant literature from research databases and the main themes from the literature were summarised. This work was carried out to inform a service evaluation of the use of fall detectors across the West Midlands region and was funded by NHS West Midlands.

It was found that whilst there are a wide variety of new technologies regarding fall detectors in development, the range of technologies currently available through health and social services to users are limited. Health and social care staff appear to be less convinced of the benefits of fall detectors than end‐users. There was also a lack of robust evidence regarding different approaches to technology in the management and detection of falls. Users had mixed views regarding the use of fall detectors, with some people having concerns about privacy, lack of human contact, user‐friendliness and appropriate training, whilst others clearly identified the benefits of detecting falls and raising an alert. The implications of these findings for practice are discussed.

This paper will be of value to those working in falls services, telecare or industry partners developing fall detector technology.