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The purpose of this paper is to explicate the influence of diverse team on team-level ambidexterity and its curvilinear assessment, and test the mediating role of team reflexivity and the moderating role of shared meta-knowledge in the curvilinear relationship between team diversity and team ambidexterity.

The authors collected multisource and temporally separated data on 206 R&D teams within 28 high-tech firms in Taiwan.

This study found a complex, curvilinear, moderated mediation relationship that functional background diversity has with team ambidexterity. Furthermore, consistent with the notion from categorization-elaboration model, the authors found the curvilinear relationship that functional background diversity has with both team ambidexterity and team reflexivity. Finally, the authors also found that the curvilinear relationship between functional background diversity and team reflexivity was moderated by shared meta-knowledge, such that the positive relationship was strengthened and the negative relationship weakened, in higher shared meta-knowledge in teams rather than lower.

The results demonstrate that team diversity-team ambidexterity relationship is much more complicated than previous works have assumed or suggested. Overall, the authors contribute to a novel understanding about the importance of team diversity in ambidextrous teams by opening the black box of how and when functional background diversity and team ambidexterity.

The purpose of this paper is to test how team regulatory focus may relate to individual creativity and team innovation; and address the fit/misfit issue of team regulatory focus and team bureaucracy.

The authors collected data from 377 members and their leaders within 56 R&D teams in two Taiwanese companies.

A team promotion focus was positively related, whereas a team prevention focus was negatively related, to both team innovation and member creativity through team perspective taking and employee information elaboration, respectively. Furthermore, team bureaucracy played a moderating role that suppressed the indirect relationship between team regulatory focus and creativity.

This is one of first studies to explore an underlying mechanism linking team regulatory focus and both team innovation and member creativity. The authors provide a more complete view of the creative and innovation implications of team-level self-regulation.

This research aims to investigate the impact of the collaborative governance mechanism on the implementation of rural governance information systems in developing countries. By integrating institutional logic theory, affordance theory and social identity theory, the authors propose modeling grassroots officials' affordance perception process and exploring the importance of multi-identities’ information technology (IT) goals in affordance perception.

Through an exploratory case study, the authors identified three affordances of rural governance information systems and investigated the mechanisms influencing the perception of these affordances among grassroots officials. Next, the authors established a research model and collected 490 valid questionnaires from grassroots officials in China and analyzed the data using structural equation modeling (SEM).

The authors' study challenges previous assumptions by integrating institutional logic, affordance and social identity theories. The authors establish a perceived affordance path for rural governance information systems, recognize substitute effects among technological affordances and extend the theory to explain social factors influencing IT perception. The authors' findings suggest providing technical training for grassroots officials to enhance IT capabilities, and governments should prioritize essential functionalities in rural governance information systems to optimize resources. Training on collaborative governance mechanisms can improve IT affordance perception, enhancing digital platform utilization in governance processes.

The study was conducted mainly in China, and therefore, the findings may not be universal to other developing countries. Researchers are therefore encouraged to test the proposal in locations with different rural cultures.

The paper includes implications for the development of IT perception in rural governance, the development of affordance perception theory and studying the relationship between IT goals and affordance perception.

Overall, this paper addresses the need to understand how grassroots officials perceive IT affordances in rural governance and study the relationship between multi-identities’ goals and affordance perception.

A novel ternary flocculant was prepared by a simple compounding method to achieve efficient and rapid mud-water separation. This paper aims to discuss the possible mud-water separation mechanism.

This experimental study aims to investigate the effects of different types of flocculants on the separation of waste mud water and the degradation of flocculants in the supernatant. The flocculating component, the ratio of the flocculating accelerator to the flocculant and the addition amount of the novel ternary flocculant were optimized.

The experimental results show that the composition of the new ternary flocculant is cationic polyacrylamide (CP-02), grafted starch (GS-501) and flocculation sedimentation accelerator, the best effect, the mass ratio is 1:0.5: 0.75. According to 0.25:1 (volume ratio), the new ternary flocculant is pre-configured into a solution with a concentration of 3 kg/m³ to achieve efficient and rapid mud-water separation.

The new ternary flocculant is used for the separation of mud and water in the underground continuous wall waste mud, improving the level of civilized construction.

To study the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of a turbulent flow of nanofluids, which are composed of saturated water and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles at various concentrations, flowing inside a tube submitted to a uniform wall heat flux boundary condition.

A numerical method based on the “control‐volume” approach was used to solve the system of non‐linear and coupled governing equations. The classical κ‐ε model was employed in order to model the turbulence, together with staggered non‐uniform grid system. The computer model, satisfactorily validated, was used to perform an extended parametric study covering wide ranges of the governing parameters. Information regarding the hydrodynamic and thermal behaviors of nanofluid flow are presented.

Numerical results show that the inclusion of nanoparticles into the base fluid has produced an augmentation of the heat transfer coefficient, which has been found to increase appreciably with an increase of particles volume concentration. Such beneficial effect appears to be more pronounced for flows with moderate to high Reynolds number. In reverse, the presence of nanoparticles has induced a rather drastic effect on the wall shear stress that has also been found to increase with the particle loading. A new correlation, Nu_fd=0.085 Re^0.71 Pr^0.35, is proposed to calculate the fully‐developed heat transfer coefficient for the nanofluid considered.

This study has provided an interesting insight into the nanofluid thermal behaviors in the context of a confined tube flow. The results found can be easily exploited for various practical heat transfer and thermal applications.

The present study is believed to be an interesting and original contribution to the knowledge of the nanofluid thermal behaviors.

Examining the influence of ethnic food tourists' perception of hygiene on their attitudinal loyalty formation is the purpose of this study. Specifically, How to demonstrate touristsʼ perception of ethnic food hygiene is the key question, and moreover, the study also investigates whether and how the stages of attitudinal loyalty in this study, which are perceived authenticity, positive emotion, and perceived value, are illustrated in this mechanism and are affected by tourist perceptions of hygiene?

By engaging in the critical debate around the topic of hygiene perception, this study explores the influence of this factor on tourist's attitudinal loyalty, including the cognitive, affective and conative aspects, to ethnic food through the adoption of perceived authenticity, positive emotion and perceived value. A survey was conducted at the Xijiang Miao Village, a very popular ethnic tourism destination in China.

This study reveals that ethnic food tourists' perceptions of hygiene have five dimensions. One of these plays a direct predictor role in developing effective conative loyalty (perceived value). Tourists' perceptions of authenticity and positive emotion representing cognitive and affective loyalty are confirmed in their direct effect on conative loyalty as well. The five dimensions of perceptions of hygiene identified have varying degrees of influence on the three stages of attitudinal loyalty.

The unique contribution of this study lies in two points: (1) it has discovered the way that tourists' perceptions of the hygienic preparation of ethnic food in the ethnic destination is constructed, and (2) it investigated the relationship between tourists' perceptions of hygiene and the three stages of attitudinal loyalty.

This paper seeks to show the effect of using nanofluid on mixed convection heat transfer in a horizontal tube.

Three‐dimensional elliptic governing equation has been solved using finite volume approach. Grid independence test has been performed to find the suitable grids. Obtained numerical results have been validated with the available experimental and numerical results in the literature. Parametric study has been done to see the effects of Reynolds number, Grashof number and volume fraction of the nanoparticles on the hydrodynamic and thermal parameters in a horizontal tube.

The nanoparticles volume fraction does not have a direct effect on the secondary flow and the skin friction coefficient. However, its effect on the entire fluid temperature causes the strength of the secondary flow to reduce. For a given Grashof number, increasing the particles' concentration augments convective heat transfer coefficient. It does not have a significant effect on the skin friction coefficient at the low Grashof number. However, skin friction coefficient is slightly affected at the higher Grashof numbers.

The Grashof number is limited for which the Boussinesq hypothesis for the variation of density with the temperature would be valid.

This paper promotes designing heat exchangers, solar collectors, cooling electronic devices.

Nanofluid mixed convection in a horizontal tube has been studied and the effects of nanoparticles concentration on the hydrodynamic and thermal parameters have been shown and discussed.

The aim is to study the conjugate problem of developing laminar mixed convection flow and heat transfer of water‐Al₂O₃ nanofluid inside an inclined tube submitted to a uniform wall heat flux.

The set of non‐linear, coupled and fully elliptic governing equations has been solved using a “finite‐control‐volume” numerical method, the classical power‐law scheme for computing heat and momentum fluxes staggered and non uniform grids for spatial discretization of various regions of the tube.

Numerical results have shown that the presence of nanoparticles slightly intensifies the secondary flow due to buoyancy, in particular in the developing region. It also increases the average Nusselt number and decreases slightly the product ReC_f with respect to those of water. For the horizontal inclination, two new correlations have been proposed to calculate these two variables in the fully developed region, for Grashof number ranging from 10³ to 10⁵ and particle volume concentrations up to 7 per cent.

The results of this study can be employed for various practical heat transfer and thermal applications using nanofluids.

The present study constitutes an original contribution to the knowledge of nanofluid thermal behaviour.

Nanofluid exhibits higher density, higher viscosity, higher thermal conductivity and reduced specific heat capacity along with improved heat transfer characteristics. It is comparatively better than conventional fluids in terms of thermo-physical properties. This paper aims to investigate experimentally the overall performance of the shell and tube heat exchanger operated under two different configurations – without baffles (STHX_1) and with baffles (STHX_2) using 0.01 Vol.% and 0.02 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid.

Two different configurations, one without baffles (STHX_1) and other with single segmental baffles (STHX_2), are chosen with all other dimensional details of shell and tube remaining same. Water is used as base fluid. CuO nanoparticle is chosen, as its thermal conductivity is higher compared to other metal oxides. A comparative study on the thermal performance of these shell and tube heat exchangers are performed by considering different Vol.% concentrations of CuO-W nanofluid and the outcome are compared with the base fluid (i.e., water). The influence of varying the mass flow rate of the tube side fluid by keeping shell side fluid mass flow rate as constant and vice versa on the thermal performance of shell and tube heat exchanger are studied.

The modified shell and tube heat exchanger with baffles (STHX_2) give an improved performance. The heat transfer coefficient improved by about 11.28 and 7.54 per cent for 0.02 and 0.01 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid compared to water. Overall heat transfer coefficient for STHX_2 enhanced between 118.26% to 123.06% in comparison with base fluid for 0.02 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid whereas, it improved between 79.20% to 87.51% for 0.01 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid. Similarly, the actual heat transfer enhanced between 71.79% to 77.77% and between 48.71% to 55.55% for 0.02 and 0.01 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid, respectively. Moreover, mass flow rates of the working fluids significantly influence the performance of the shell and tube heat exchanger.

Two cases are considered here. first, by varying the shell side fluid mass flow rate and keeping the tube side fluid mass flow rate as constant. Later, tube side fluid mass flow rates are varied and shell side fluid mass flow rate is kept constant. It is found that in Case 2, for both 0.01 and 0.02 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid, highest performance is obtained for 150 kg/h of shell side and tube side fluid flows involving STHX_2. Finally, the modified shell and tube heat exchanger with baffle arrangement gives the best performance by using 0.02 Vol.% of CuO-W nanofluid.

This paper aims to study the heat transfer of nanofluid flow driven by the move of channel walls in a microchannel under the effects of the electrical double layer and slippery properties of channel walls. The distributions of velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volumetric concentration are analyzed under different slip-length. Also, the variation rates of flow velocity, temperature, concentration of nanoparticle, the pressure constant, the local volumetric entropy generation rate and the total cross-sectional entropy generation are analyzed.

A recently developed model is chosen which is robust and reasonable from the point of view of physics, as it does not impose nonphysical boundary conditions, for instance, the zero electrical potential in the middle plane of the channel or the artificial pressure constant. The governing equations of flow motion, energy, electrical double layer and stream potential are derived with slip boundary condition presented. The model is non-dimensionalized and solved by using the homotopy analysis method.

Slip-length has significant influences on the velocity, temperature and nanoparticle volumetric concentration of the nanofluid. It also has strong effects on the pressure constant. With the increase of the slip-length, the pressure constant of the nanofluid in the horizontal microchannel decreases. Both the local volumetric entropy generation rate and total cross-sectional entropy generation rate are significantly affected by both the slip-length of the lower wall and the thermal diffusion. The local volumetric entropy generation rate at the upper wall is always higher than that around the lower wall. Also, the larger the slip-length is, the lower the total cross-sectional entropy generation rate is when the thermal diffusion is moderate.

The findings in this work on the heat transfer and flow phenomena of the nanofluid in microchannel are expected to make a contribution to guide the design of micro-electro-mechanical systems.