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The purpose of this paper is to theorize and discuss potential factors for convergence between libraries, archives and museums (LAMs).

This is a conceptual paper that criticizes existing research on the convergence between the LAMs for a lack of theoretical reflection and a sacralization of technology. Therefore, concepts such as convergent evolution, isomorphism, social fields and autonomy are used to analyze other potential factors for convergence.

The paper demonstrates that digitalization is not the only potential driver of convergence between the LAMs. Indeed, other changes in institutions’ environments, such as societal changes, shifts in cultural policy and increasingly common practices among cultural institutions can represent important drivers.

Given that this paper is primarily based on theoretical reflections, future research should empirically investigate the non-digital factors suggested for convergence.

The paper represents an attempt to detect a “blind spot” in existing research on convergences between the LAM institutions and to identify some potential paths for future research to follow.

This research investigates how subsidy programs in Vietnam's residential electricity market affect consumers' well-being.

Two perspectives are employed: cash transfer and quantity-based subsidy. The effectiveness of cash transfer is measured in three ways: benefit incidence, beneficiary incidence and materiality. The quantity-based subsidy is established under the increasing block rate pricing, with the first two block rates being lower than the marginal cost. To improve the quantity-based subsidy, the research examines the consumer surplus under four proposals.

The results show that both types of subsidies are ineffective in supporting the poor.

In order to achieve a more equal distribution among households, the subsidy program should remove all subsidized blocks and reflect the full marginal cost. Changes should be made to the price structure regarding both marginal price and intervals.

To mitigate the impact of the quantity-based subsidy, the government should improve the cash transfer by reducing extortion and improving targeting efficiency, especially for poor households living in rented houses.

This paper is the first to discuss the welfare effect of the electricity subsidy in Vietnam. First, it comprehensively evaluates the cash transfer subsidy in Vietnam. Second, it suggests a modification in the residential electricity tariff.

Discusses how resources are allocated in capitalist and socialist economies comparing the concept of interest (e.g. for present value calculations) with the use of capital charges (e.g. for calculating opportunity cost). Contrasts the Islamic economic system, which rejects interest but considers moral factors and the will of Allah when measuring welfare. Explains how these ideas can be expressed in the accounting price of capital (for objective factors) and by Islamic welfare criteria; and how they differ from the Pareto Criterion and capitalist concepts of utility. Lists four principles and 12 welfare criteria for an Islamic allocation of resources; and some hints on their practical application before summarizing the conclusions.

The Navier‐Stokes equation and the species continuity equation have been solved numerically in a boundary fitted coordinate system comprising the geometry of a large scale industrial size tundish. The solution of the species continuity equation predicts the time evolution of the concentration of a tracer at the outlets of a six strand billet caster tundish. The numerical prediction of the tracer concentration has been made with six different turbulence models (the standard k‐ε, the k‐ε RNG, the Low Re number Lam‐Bremhorst model, the Chen‐Kim high Re number model (CK), the Chen‐Kim low Re number model (CKL) and the simplest constant effective viscosity model (CEV)) which favorably compares with that of the experimental observation for a single strand bare tundish. It has been found that the overall comparison of the k‐ε model, the RNG, the Lam‐Bremhorst and the CK model is much better than the CKL model and the CEV model as far as gross quantities like the mean residence time and the ratio of mixed to dead volume are concerned. However, the k‐ε model predicts the closest value to the experimental observation compared to all other models. The prediction of the transient behavior of the tracer is best done by the Lam‐Bremhorst model and then by the RNG model, but these models do not predict the gross quantities that accurately like the k‐ε model for a single strand bare tundish. With the help of the above six turbulence models mixing parameters such as the ratio of mix to dead volume and the mean residence time were computed for the six strand tundish for different outlet positions, height of advanced pouring box (APB) and shroud immersion depth. It was found that three turbulence models show a peak value in the ratio of mix to dead volume when the outlets were placed at 200 mm away from the wall. An APB was put on the bottom of the tundish surrounding the inlet jet when the outlets were kept at 200 mm away from the wall. It was also found that there exists an optimum height of the APB where the ratio of mix to dead volume and the mean residence time attain further peak values signifying better mixing in the tundish. At this optimum height of the APB, the shroud immersion depth was made to change from 0 to 400 mm. It was also observed that there exists an optimum immersion depth of the shroud where the ratio of mix to dead volume still attains another peak signifying still better mixing. However, all the turbulence models do not predict the same optimum height of the APB and the same shroud immersion depth as the optimum depth. The optimum height of the APB and the shroud immersion depth were decided when two or more turbulence models predict the same values.

The principal objective of corporate planning is to try to direct corporate or national destiny in a logical and formalized manner. In this article A. M. Taylor, Managing Director of L. A. Mitchell (Holdings) Ltd., answers question on why the LAM Group is introducing this technique and what it has achieved so far

The purpose of this paper is to study a geometric process (GP) maintenance model and policy for a repairable system.

Lam first introduced the GP and its application to maintenance model. Assume that a replacement policy N is applied by which the system will be replaced by a new, identical one following the Nth failure.

For a deteriorating system, an optimal replacement policy is determined analytically, and the monotonicity properties of the optimal replacement policy are then studied.

For an improving system, the paper shows that the optimal replacement policy is the ∞ policy, i.e., the policy without replacement.

Macau is a major gambling city in Asia, with many tourists and customers visiting its casinos every day. These visitors include not only recreational and pathological gamblers, but also professional people such as accountants. Although, past studies have been carried out on the gambling behavior of various individuals, no research has examined the actual gambling outcome of accountants. The rationale for this research is that accountants may be more confident in their ability to predict or calculate gambling outcomes than other individuals because of their numerical competency. This paper aims to address these issues.

This study is ought to be the first to use data on professional accountants to examine the actual gambling outcomes for accountants against the background of human capital theory. The data are taken from an on‐site survey of 203 professional accounting professionals visiting a casino in Macau.

The results of the logistic regressions indicate that the variables of “age” and “previous win” have no significant influence on the actual gaming outcome for accountants, but that certified public accountants (CPA) status, self‐confidence, temper, and luck may positively affect the outcome. Further, female accounting professionals are less likely to win than male accounting professionals. The results support the validity of human capital theory, which asserts that the market compensates the cost of education. Although table games are based on casino mathematics, probability, and luck, it is interesting to note that human capital theory also applies in the gaming industries.

The results extend the theoretical development of human capital theory and broaden its application from business sectors to the gaming industry. Further research is recommended to validate the findings.

Building on prior research in organizational knowledge, learning, and memory, this paper suggests that export market knowledge may provide a deeper understanding of the relationships between export market information use and export performance. Specifically, a conceptual model is developed linking different dimensions of information use to different dimensions of organizational knowledge as well as to export performance. This is then used to generate research propositions that provide insights into how export market knowledge integrates with export market information use and affects export performance.

The present study attempted to explore the relationship between teacher learning and student learning under different school structural conditions.

Some 1,330 teachers from 29 secondary schools of different community backgrounds and student academic abilities in Hong Kong were surveyed, using instruments from diverse conceptual sources.

Findings emerging from the data supported two propositions: First, high flexible structure fostered conditions that were more conducive to teachers' learning than working conditions which were perceived as “medium” or “rigid” structures. Second, the three structural conditions that elevated greater teacher learning as reported. i.e. having greater control, higher motivation and more collective learning opportunities, exerted a definitive impact on students' progress in diverse aspects of their development.

The results highlight the significance of structural impact on school performance. In so doing, it underscores the need for broadening the scope of investigation of other equally salient internal school environmental features for a better understanding of how school organizational self‐propelled improvement can be sustained.

The purpose of this paper was to promote the use of residual moringa seed powder (RMSP) for the enhancement of cereal-based products. RMSP is usually discarded after seed-oil extraction. This work also promotes zero-waste and rheological approaches.

In search of novel and sustainable food products with high nutritional value, cold-pressed Moringa oleifera Lam. seeds residue (RMSP) was used for incorporation in muffin formulations. Wheat flour was partially substituted (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) by RMSP. Sodium (Na), calcium (Ca) and iron (Fe) contents were quantified through atomic absorption spectrometry; protein, through the Kjeldahl method followed by AACC Method 46–13.01; and, fat content, by a modified version of AACC Method 30–25.01a. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests were performed to determine significant differences between formulations at 95% reliability using Minitab® software. Furthermore, simple viscosity studies of the dough mixture were carried in a Brookfield DV-III Ultra Rheometer; Matlab® curve-fitting tool was used for obtaining the best non-Newtonian equation that modeled experimental data. Subsequently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of non-Newtonian fluids along a segmented pipe were carried out in Comsol Multiphysics® software to depict the importance of modeling non-Newtoning fluids for downstream processes.

RMSP significantly (p < 0.0001) increased protein and Fe content for the 7% and 9% formulations; it dramatically changed Na and Ca content in all formulations, while fat remained constant.

The development of this type of product is an opportunity for communities that grow and harvest moringa as well as for food industries which can take advantage of moringa by-products for several subsequent processing.

For the first time, it was found that dough formulations with RMSP presented a pseudo-plastic and thixotropic behavior. In addition, the use of lignocellulosic by-products such as RMSP incorporates an added value to food products. In this case, it was demonstrated that moringa seed residue enhanced nutritional value to muffins and provided coagulant/flocculant action, which is essential during dough preparation.